Carotid sinus nerve stimulation attenuates alveolar bone loss and inflammation in experimental periodontitis.

Baroreceptor and chemoreceptor reflexes modulate inflammatory responses. However, whether these reflexes attenuate periodontal diseases has been poorly examined. Thus, the present study determined the effects of electrical activation of the carotid sinus nerve (CSN) in rats with periodontitis. We hypothesized that activation of the baro and chemoreflexes attenuates alveolar bone loss and the associated inflammatory processes. Electrodes were implanted around the CSN, and bilateral ligation of the first mandibular molar was performed to, respectively, stimulate the CNS and induce periodontitis. The CSN was stimulated daily for 10 min, during nine days, in unanesthetized animals. On the eighth day, a catheter was inserted into the left femoral artery and, in the next day, the arterial pressure was recorded. Effectiveness of the CNS electrical stimulation was confirmed by hypotensive responses, which was followed by the collection of a blood sample, gingival tissue, and jaw. Long-term (9 days) electrical stimulation of the CSN attenuated bone loss and the histological damage around the first molar. In addition, the CSN stimulation also reduced the gingival and plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by periodontitis. Thus, CSN stimulation has a protective effect on the development of periodontal disease mitigating alveolar bone loss and inflammatory processes.

Retalho posicionado coronalmente sem incisões relaxantes, associado a enxerto de tecido conjuntivo, para tratamento de retrações gengivais múltiplas / Coronally positioned flaps without relaxing incisions associated with a connective tissue graft to treat multiple gingival recessions

A retração gengival é caracterizada como o deslocamento apical da margem gengival em relação à junção cemento/esmalte (JCE), possuindo como consequência a exposição da superfície radicular. Diversas técnicas já foram descritas na literatura científi ca como tratamento para este problema gengival e, geralmente, a técnica cirúrgica de recobrimento radicular a ser escolhida relaciona-se com as características clínicas do caso, preferência do operador, habilidade manual, classifi cação da retração gengival, dentre outros. No entanto, a literatura indica que, dentre os procedimentos disponíveis, a técnica de retalho posicionado coronalmente com o uso de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial parece ser a mais promissora. O objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar um relato de caso de recobrimento radicular, utilizando a técnica de Zucchelli & De Sanctis associada a enxerto de tecido conjuntivo para recobrimento de retrações gengivais múltiplas. Paciente do sexo feminino, com 24 anos de idade, sem relato de alterações sistêmicas e/ou alergias, não etilista e não fumante, procurou tratamento odontológico queixando-se de hipersensibilidade dentinária e comprometimento estético bucal. Os resultados observados permitiram concluir que a técnica descrita por Zucchelli & De Sanctis, associada ao enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial, permitiu reduzir a altura das retrações gengivais, assim como aumentar e melhorar a qualidade do tecido gengival, com completa resolução da hipersensibilidade dentinária e alto nível de satisfação estética.

Gingival retraction is characterized as the apical displacement of the gingival margin in relation to the cementitious enamel junction (JCE), with consequent exposure to the root surface. Several techniques have already been described in the scientifi c literature as treatment for this gingival problem, and the surgical technique of root coverage to be chosen is generally related to the clinical characteristics of the case, operator preference, manual ability, classifi cation of gingival retraction, among others. However, the literature indicates that among the available procedures, the coronally positioned fl ap technique with the use of subepithelial connective tissue graft seems to be the most promising technique. The objective of this work is to present a case report of root coverage using the Zucchelli & De Sanctis technique associated with a connective tissue graft to cover multiple gingival retractions. Patient 24 years old, female, with no reports of systemic alterations and/or allergies, non-alcoholic and non-smoker, sought dental treatment complaining of dentine hypersensitivity and aesthetic impairment. The results showed that the technique described by de Zucchelli & De Sanctis associated with the subepithelial connective tissue graft reduced the height of gingival retractions, as well as increase and improve gingival tissue quality, with complete resolution of dentin hypersensitivity and high level of aesthetic satisfaction.

Socket Preservation Therapy with Acellular Dermal Matrix and Mineralized Bone Allograft After Tooth Extraction in Humans: A Clinical and Histomorphometric Study.

The aim of this study was to analyze through clinical and histomorphometric parameters the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with or without mineralized bone allograft (AB) on bone formation in human alveoli after a 6- to 8-month healing period. A total of 19 patients in need of extraction of the maxillary anterior teeth were selected and randomly assigned to the test group (ADM plus AB) or to the control group (ADM only). Clinical and histomorphometric measurements and histologic analysis were recorded 6 to 8 months after ridge preservation procedures. Clinical parameters and amount of mineralized and nonmineralized tissue were measured and analyzed. In the clinical measurements, the test group showed reduced bone loss in the buccopalatal dimension after 6 to 8 months (intragroup analysis P < .01). Histologic findings showed higher percentages of mineralized tissue and lower percentages of nonmineralized tissue in the test group when compared with the control group (P < .05). In this randomized controlled clinical and histomorphometric study in humans, acellular dermal matrix in association with mineralized bone allograft reduced alveolar bone loss in the anterior maxillae both in height and width after a follow-up period of 6 to 8 months.

A Randomized Comparative Study of Two Techniques to Optimize the Root Coverage Using a Porcine Collagen Matrix.

The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study was to compare the extended flap technique (EFT) with the coronally advanced flap technique (CAF) using a porcine collagen matrix (PCM) for root coverage. Twenty patients with two bilateral gingival recessions, Miller class I or II on non-molar teeth were treated with CAF+PCM (control group) or EFT+PCM (test group). Clinical measurements of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession height (RH), keratinized tissue height (KTH), keratinized mucosa thickness (KMT) were determined at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-surgery. At 6 months, the mean root coverage for test group was 81.89%, and for control group it was 62.80% (p<0.01). The change of recession depth from baseline was statistically significant between test and control groups, with an mean of 2.21 mm gained at the control sites and 2.84 mm gained at the test sites (p=0.02). There were no statistically significant differences for KTH, PPD or CAL comparing the two therapies. The extended flap technique presented better root coverage than the coronally advanced flap technique when PCM was used.

A Randomized Comparative Study of Two Techniques to Optimize the Root Coverage Using a Porcine Collagen Matrix

Abstract: The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study was to compare the extended flap technique (EFT) with the coronally advanced flap technique (CAF) using a porcine collagen matrix (PCM) for root coverage. Twenty patients with two bilateral gingival recessions, Miller class I or II on non-molar teeth were treated with CAF+PCM (control group) or EFT+PCM (test group). Clinical measurements of probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), recession height (RH), keratinized tissue height (KTH), keratinized mucosa thickness (KMT) were determined at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-surgery. At 6 months, the mean root coverage for test group was 81.89%, and for control group it was 62.80% (p<0.01). The change of recession depth from baseline was statistically significant between test and control groups, with an mean of 2.21 mm gained at the control sites and 2.84 mm gained at the test sites (p=0.02). There were no statistically significant differences for KTH, PPD or CAL comparing the two therapies. The extended flap technique presented better root coverage than the coronally advanced flap technique when PCM was used.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo randomizado, controlado e clínico foi comparar para recobrimento radicular a técnica de retalho estendido (EFT) com a técnica de retalho avançado coronalmente (CAF) utilizando uma matriz suína colágena (PCM). Vinte pacientes com duas retrações gengivais bilaterais, classe I ou II de Miller em dentes não molares foram tratados com PCM+CAF (grupo controle) ou PCM+EFT (grupo teste). Medidas clínicas de profundidade de sondagem, (PPD), nível clínico de inserção (CAL), altura da retração gengival (RH), altura do tecido queratinizado (KTH), espessura da mucosa queratinizada (KMT) foram determinadas no exame inicial, aos 3 e 6 meses após a realização das cirurgias. Após 6 meses a média de recobrimento radicular para o grupo teste foi de 81,89% e para o grupo controle foi de 62,80% (p<0,01). A mudança na altura das retrações gengivais em relação ao exame inicial foi estatisticamente significante entre os grupos teste e controle, com média de 2,21 mm ganhos nos sítios controle e 2,84 mm ganhos nos sítios teste (p=0,02). Não houve diferenças estatísticas significantes para os parâmetros KTH, PPD ou CAL comparando as duas terapias. A técnica de retalho estendido apresentou melhor recobrimento radicular do que a técnica de retalho avançado coronalmente quando a PCM foi usada.

Distância interimplantar: um fator a ser observado na reabilitação oral implantossuportada. Revisão crítica e apresentação de um caso clínico com três anos de acompanhamento / The interimplant distance: a topic to be observed at implant-supported oral rehabilitation. A critical review with presentation of a clinical case with 3 years of follow-up

Este trabalho revisou o conceito de distância interimplantar e as estruturas que circundam os implantes contíguos, determinando o sucesso do implante em longo prazo e possibilitando a obtenção de uma restauração protética com um aspecto natural. Entre os fatores que contribuem para este processo, pode-se encontrar na literatura odontológica a espessura inicial do tecido mole, a distância entre implantes, a distância entre o ponto de contato interproximal e a crista óssea alveolar, a profundidade de colocação do implante, o tipo de conexão implante/pilar, o macrodesenho da área cervical do implante e, possivelmente, o tratamento de superfície. Atualmente, está sendo avaliada a interrupção do suprimento sanguíneo proporcionado pela fresagem durante o preparo do sítio para a colocação do implante como um fator que pode proporcionar a reabsorção da crista óssea ao redor de implantes contíguos. As evidências em animais apontam para o uso de implantes com conexão interna cônica e distância interimplantar de 3 mm na redução da perda óssea. Entretanto, mais estudos clínicos controlados são necessários para confirmar estes achados.

This paper reviews the concept of interimplant distance and the surrounding structures that determine long-term implant success and allow for a natural-looking prosthetic restoration. Among the factors that contribute to this process, one can find at the dental literature the initial soft tissue thickness, the interimplant distance, the distance from the interproximal contact point to the alveolar bone crest, the implant depth, the implant/abutment connection type, the macrodesign at the implant cervical area, and possibly the implant surface treatment. Nowadays, the lack of blood nutrition after osteotomy at the implant site for further implant placement has been evaluated as a possible factor on crestal bone resorption at adjacent implants. Evidence from animal models point to the use of implants with internal conical connections and for a 3 mm interimplant distance to reduce bone loss. However, more controlled clinical studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Comparação de duas técnicas cirúrgicas para recobrimento radicular com matriz dérmica porcina / Comparison of two surgical techniques for root coverage using a new porcine collagen matrix

As retrações gengivais são um problema comum na população mundial, gerando transtornos estéticos e funcionais. Dentre as diversas técnicas cirúrgicas disponíveis, aquelas que utilizam enxertos de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (ETCS) possuem a maior previsibilidade. No entanto, o uso deste enxerto autógeno pode não ser aceito por muitos pacientes, devido à necessidade de uma segunda área operatória, além de aumentar o tempo cirúrgico e possivelmente a morbidade. Assim, substitutos para o ETCS têm sido desenvolvidos para aumentar a aceitação destes procedimentos, objetivando tornar as cirurgias mais rápidas e com maior taxa de sucesso. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar e mostrar os benefícios da técnica de retalho estendido em relação à técnica de retalho avançado coronalmente. Através do modelo de boca dividida, foram operados 20 pacientes com retrações gengivais, Classe I ou II de Miller, maiores que 3 mm. Após três meses, obteve-se recobrimento de 60% (grupo-controle) e 82% (grupo-teste).

Alloderm e PepGen P-15 na reabilitação oral em um periodonto reduzido: acompanhamento de quatro anos / Alloderm and PepGen P-15 for oral rehabilitation in a patient with reduced periodontium: four years of follow-up

O objetivo deste relato foi analisar os resultados obtidos com a utilização da matriz dérmica acelular (MDA) e matriz óssea bovina inorgânica ligada ao peptídeo P-15 (MOI/P-15), para a preservação óssea alveolar após a extração dentária e posterior reabilitação com implantes, em uma paciente periodontalmente comprometida. Uma paciente do gênero feminino, que apresentava problemas periodontais severos nos elementos 11, 12, 21 e 22, recebeu tratamento periodontal básico. O planejamento do caso consistiu na remoção dos dentes condenados associada ao tratamento de preservação óssea do rebordo alveolar e subsequente reabilitação oral com implantes

The objective of this report was to analyze the results achieved with the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) with or without the inorganic bovine bone matrix (ABM) linked to cell binding peptide P-15 for socket preservation after tooth extraction and subsequent rehabilitation with dental implants of a periodontally compromised patient. A female patient who had a severe periodontal condition in the elements 11, 12, 21 and 22 received basic periodontal treatment. A surgical approach for this case included the removal of hopeless teeth and alveolar bone reservation. Subsequent rehabilitation with oral implants had been done

Arterial hypertension perpetuates alveolar bone loss.

Few studies have focused on the impact of hypertension on the progression of periodontitis (PD). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether hypertension affects PD by enhancing bone loss even after the stimulus for PD induction is removed. Ligature-induced PD was created on the first mandibular molars of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar Kyoto-WKY). The animals were assigned to non-ligated controls (C) and PD groups: WKY-C, WKY-PD, SHR-C, and SHR-PD. After 10 days, five animals of each group were killed and the ligatures of the other animals were removed. On the 21st day (11 days without PD induced), the remaining animals were killed. The jaws were defleshed and the amount of bone loss was measured. After 10 days, the PD groups showed more bone loss than its controls (P < .05); SHR-PD = 0.72 ± 0.05 mm, SHR-C = 0.39 ± 0.04 mm, WKY-PD = 0.75 ± 0.04 mm, and WKY-C = 0.56 ± 0.04 mm. The cumulative bone loss on day 21 (0.94 ± 0.13 mm) was significantly worse than on day 10 only in SHR-PD group (P < .05). The final bone loss differences between PD and C groups accounted for 102% (SHR) and 26% (WKY) increase in comparison with the initial control levels. Hypertension is associated with progressive alveolar bone loss even when the stimulus for PD induction is removed and it may be speculated that host condition perpetuates alveolar bone loss.

Tratamento de retração gengival através da técnica de retalho estendido associado ao uso do Mucograft / Treatment of gingival recession using the extended flap technique associated with the use of Mucograft

Retrações gengivais atingem grande parte da população adulta, causando exposição das raízes dentárias, o que aumenta o acúmulo de biofilme bacteriano e pode aumentar a incidência de cáries radiculares e hiperestesia dentinária. Além disto, elas prejudicam a estética dos pacientes, por criarem assimetria gengival e dentária. Diversas técnicas já foram descritas, sendo frequentemente indicado o uso de enxerto de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (ETCS), cuja finalidade é aumentar espessura e largura do tecido queratinizado. O uso do ETCS também é capaz de aumentar a previsibilidade do procedimento de recobrimento radicular, no entanto, a remoção deste enxerto pode gerar desconforto ao paciente. Recentemente, foi lançado um substituto para o ETCS, uma matriz colágena de origem suína, na tentativa de diminuir a morbidade do paciente e tornar os procedimentos cirúrgicos mais rápidos sem perder as qualidades do ETCS. O objetivo deste relato de caso foi demonstrar o uso desta nova matriz associada à técnica do retalho estendido para o recobrimento radicular

Uso do Mucograft no tratamento de retração gengival / Use of Mucograft to treat gingival recession

As retrações gengivais acometem uma grande parte da população e causam desconforto (devido à hipersensibilidade dentinária), prejuízo estético e aumentam o acúmulo de placa sobre as raízes expostas, podendo facilitar a ocorrência de cáries. Na tentativa de aumentar a previsibilidade dos procedimentos de recobrimento radicular, frequentemente são utilizados enxertos de tecido conjuntivo subepitelial (ETCS). No entanto, a remoção desse enxerto autógeno gera a necessidade de uma segunda área operatória, aumentando o tempo operatório e a morbidade cirúrgica. Dessa forma, os substitutos para os ETCS têm sido produzidos para diminuir a morbidade e tornar esses procedimentos mais rápidos. Recentemente, foi internacionalmente lançada uma membrana colágena de origem suína (Mucograft), que tem demonstrado resultados promissores. O objetivo do presente relato de caso é demonstrar o emprego dessa membrana no recobrimento radicular. No tratamento proposto, tratou-se a retração gengival, obtendo um bom resultado em procedimento rápido e seguro, agradando a paciente. O emprego desse produto demonstrou ser uma boa opção para o recobrimento radicular.

Gingival recessions affects a large proportion of the population and can cause aesthetic damage, discomfort due to dentin hypersensitivity, and increase in accumulation of plaque on exposed roots, which may facilitate the occurrence of caries. In an attempt to increase the predictability of root coverage procedures, the subepithelial connective tissue graft (ETCS) is often used. However. the harvest of autogenous ETCS demands a second surgical area, increasing the surgical time and patient's morbidity. In this way, substitutes for the ETCS has been produced to reduce morbidity and time spent in these procedures. Recently, a collagen membrane of porcine origin (Mucograft) has been internationally introduced, which has shown prornising results The purpose of this report is to demonstrate the use of this new membrane in root coverage. The purpose treatment solved the gingival recession with a good result, rnaking the procecure quicker. safer and pleasant for the patient. The use of this product proved to be a good choice for root coverage.

Ridge preservation with acellular dermal matrix and anorganic bone matrix cell-binding peptide P-15 after tooth extraction in humans.

BACKGROUND: Preventing ridge collapse with the extraction of maxillary anterior teeth is vital to an esthetic restorative result. Several regenerative techniques are available and are used for socket preservation. The aim of this study is to analyze by clinical parameters the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and anorganic bovine bone matrix (ABM) with synthetic cell-binding peptide P-15 to preserve alveolar bone after tooth extraction. METHODS: Eighteen patients in need of extraction of maxillary anterior teeth were selected and randomly assigned to the test group (ADM plus ABM/P-15) or the control group (ADM only). Clinical measurements were recorded initially and at 6 months after ridge-preservation procedures. RESULTS: In the clinical measurements (external vertical palatal measurement [EVPM], external vertical buccal measurement [EVBM], and alveolar horizontal measurement [AHM]) the statistical analysis showed no difference between test and control groups initially and at 6 months. The intragroup analysis, after 6 months, showed a statistically significant reduction in the measurements for both groups. In the comparison between the two groups, the differences in the test group were as follows: EVPM = 0.83 ± 1.53 mm; EVBM = 1.20 ± 2.02 mm; and AHM = 2.53 ± 1.81 mm. The differences in the control group were as follows: EVPM = 0.87 ± 1.13 mm; EVBM = 1.50 ± 1.15 mm; and AHM = 3.40 ± 1.39 mm. The differences in EVPM and EVBM were not statistically significant; however, in horizontal measurement (AHM), there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that ADM used as membrane associated with ABM/P-15 can be used to reduce buccal-palatal dimensions compared to ADM alone for preservation of the alveolar ridge after extraction of anterior maxillary teeth.