Relato de experiência e resultados preliminares do estudo pro-eva: uma proposta para o manejo da caderneta de saúde da pessoa idosa / Experience report and preliminary results of the pro-eva study: a proposal for the management of the health book of the elderly person

Introdução: a Política Nacional de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa estabelece a importância da realização de estratégias voltadas para a saúde, principalmente em relação à preservação da capacidade funcional. No conjunto de iniciativas estabelecidas por essa política, encontra-se a implementação da Caderneta de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa (CSPI). Objetivo: relatar a experiência de implantação e desenvolvimento do estudo "Pro-Eva" e apresentar seus resultados preliminares quanto à aplicação da CSPI. Métodos: o estudo está sendo desenvolvido em cinco Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS) em Parnamirim (RN). Foi criada uma versão digital da CSPI, em formato de sistema on-line, com o intuito de inserir as informações coletadas por meio da caderneta, seguindo uma metodologia própria de preenchimento do instrumento. Os critérios de inclusão são: ter pelo menos 60 anos de idade; estar cadastrado em uma das UBS participantes do estudo; aceitar participar da avaliação do estudo em sua totalidade. Resultados: 996 pessoas idosas já participaram do processo de preenchimento da CSPI e tiveram seus dados lançados no sistema de monitoramento on-line. A média de idade da amostra foi de 70,3 (±7,1), sendo a maioria composta por mulheres (61,3%). Aproximadamente metade dos idosos eram pardos (49,5%) e estavam em uma união estável (51,2%). Conclusão: o presente artigo possui pertinência por conduzir um relato de experiência da implementação e do fortalecimento da CSPI, enquanto política de saúde, em um município do Nordeste brasileiro e por ter desenvolvido um fluxograma de preenchimento da caderneta que poderá ser base para futuros estudos nesta temática.(AU)

Introduction: National health policy for the elderly establishes the importance of carrying out strategies aimed at health, especially about preservation of functional capacity. Among the set of initiatives established by this policy there is the implementation of the Health Book of the Elderly Person. Purpose: To report the experience of implementation and development of the "Pro-Eva" study and present its preliminary results, regarding the application of the book. Methods: The study is being developed in five basic health units in Parnamirim (RN). A digital version of the health book was created, in an online system format, to insert the information collected, following a specific methodology for filling in the instrument. The inclusion criteria are: be at least 60 years old; be registered in one of the health units participating in the study; accept to participate in the evaluation of the study in its entirety. Results: 996 elderlies have already partici- pated in the process of fill the health book and had their data posted in the online monitoring system. The average age was 70.3 (± 7.1) years, with the majority being women (61.3%). Approximately half of the elderly were brown (49.5%) and were in a stable union (51.2%). Conclusion: This article is pertinent for conducting an experience report on the implementation and strengthening of the health book, in a city in the Brazilian Northeast, and for having developed a flow- chart for filling out the book that may be the basis for future studies in this thematic.(AU)

Diagnostic Accuracy of the Short Physical Performance Battery in Detecting Frailty and Prefrailty in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Results From the PRO-EVA Study.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) is widely used for older adults since it has a high level of validity, reliability, and responsiveness in measuring function in this population. However, only a few studies of diagnostic accuracy have assessed SPPB capacity in detecting frailty and prefrailty by estimating more detailed measurement properties. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the SPPB's diagnostic accuracy in detecting frailty and prefrailty, in addition to identifying cut-off points for walking time and chair stand time. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study composed of 786 community-dwelling older adults 60 years or older, in which sociodemographic and anthropometric data, frailty phenotype, and total SPPB score, as well as walking time and chair stand time, were assessed. Analysis of a receiver operating characteristic curve was performed to identify the cut-off point, sensitivity, and specificity in the total SPPB score, as well as the walking time and chair stand time for frailty and prefrailty screening. Accuracy and positive and negative predictive values were subsequently calculated. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The cut-off points identified for the total SPPB score, walking time, and chair stand time were 9 points or less (accuracy of 72.6%), 5 seconds or less, and 13 seconds or less, respectively, for frailty screening and 11 points or less (accuracy of 58.7%), 4 seconds or less, and 10 seconds or less, respectively, for prefrailty screening. The walking time showed greater frailty discriminatory capacity compared with the chair stand time (effect size = 1.24 vs 0.64; sensitivity = 69% vs 59%; and specificity = 84% vs 75%). CONCLUSIONS: The total SPPB score has good diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between nonfrail and frail older adults using a cut-off point of 9 or less, being better to identify the true negatives (older adults who are not frail). Although the SPPB's diagnostic accuracy measures for detecting prefrailty were low to moderate, this instrument can help in screening prefrail older adults from the cutoff point of 11 or less in the total SPPB score. Identification of prefrail older adults enables implementing early treatment in this target audience and can prevent their advance to frailty.

Relationship between physical activity level and balance in middle-aged and older women / Relação entre o nível de atividade física e equilíbrio em mulheres na meia-idade e idosas

Abstract Introduction: Physical exercise may improve motor skills, such as static standing balance. However, the association between physical activity level based on activities of daily living and static balance is unknown. Objective: To assess the association between the physical activity level and static balance in middle-aged and older women. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 589 community-dwelling women. Static balance was assessed using the single-leg stance test (SLST) with eyes open and closed. Physical activity level was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form and classified as high, moderate, or low. Kruskal-Wallis test compared balance performance between participants with different physical activity levels. Multiple quantile regression analyses assessed the association between variables adjusted for age, family income, educational level, body mass index, comorbidities, and parity. Results: Participants with low physical activity level showed worse SLST performance with eyes open and closed than participants with high physical activity level in the bivariate analysis. However, physical activity level and SLST performance were not associated in the analysis adjusted for covariates. Conclusion: Our results suggested that only being active in daily living activities is not associated with better standing balance in middle-aged and older women. Specific physical exercise programs should be implemented to improve balance in this population.

Resumo Introdução: O exercício físico pode melhorar as habilidades motoras, como o equilíbrio estático na posição ortostática; no entanto, a associação do nível de atividade física durante as atividades de vida diária e o equilíbrio estático não é conhecida. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o nível de atividade física e o equilíbrio estático em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal com 589 mulheres residentes na comunidade. O equilíbrio estático foi avaliado usando o teste de equilíbrio unipodal com os olhos abertos e fechados. O nível de atividade física foi avaliado usando o Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física - versão curta e classificado em alto, moderado e baixo. O teste de Kruskall Wallis comparou o desempenho no teste de equilíbrio unipodal de participantes com diferentes níveis de atividade física. Modelos de regressão quantílica avaliaram a associação entre as variáveis ajustada pelas covariáveis idade, renda familiar, escolaridade, índice de massa corporal, condições crônicas e paridade. Resultados: Na análise bivariada, as mulheres com baixo nível de atividade física mantiveram o equilíbrio em pé com os olhos abertos e fechados por um tempo menor do que aquelas classificadas como alto nível de atividade física. No entanto a associação entre nível de atividade física e performance no teste de equilíbrio estático não foi significativa na análise ajustada para as covariáveis. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que apenas ser ativa nas atividades de vida diária não está associado a um melhor equilíbrio em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas. Programas específicos de exercício físico devem ser implementados visando um melhor desempenho do equilíbrio nesta população.

Mapping instruments for assessing and stratifying frailty among community-dwelling older people: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVE: To map in the current literature instruments for the assessment and stratification of frailty in community-dwelling older people, as well as to analyse them from the perspective of the Brazilian context. DESIGN: Scoping review. STUDY SELECTION: The selection of studies took place between March and April 2020. Includes electronic databases: Medline, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences, Scopus, Web of Science and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Literature Health Alliance, in addition to searching grey literature. DATA EXTRACTION: A data extraction spreadsheet was created to collect the main information from the studies involved, from the title to the type of assessment and stratification of frailty. RESULTS: In summary, 17 frailty assessment and stratification instruments applicable to community-dwelling older people were identified. Among these, the frailty phenotype of Fried et al was the instrument most present in the studies (45.5%). The physical domain was present in all the instruments analysed, while the social, psychological and environmental domains were present in only 10 instruments. CONCLUSIONS: This review serves as a guideline for primary healthcare professionals, showing 17 instruments applicable to the context of the community-dwelling older people, pointing out advantages and disadvantages that influence the decision of the instrument to be used. Furthermore, this scoping review was a guide for further studies carried out by the same authors, which aim to compare instruments.

Cut-off points to screening for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: At a time when the world's population is aging, one of the most important challenges for the healthcare field is to control the decline of the musculoskeletal system. This decline consists of a reduction in muscle mass and function, which is called sarcopenia and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Although there has been an increase in the number of publications on sarcopenia and its consequences, the reported prevalence varies widely, since these depend on the characteristics of the population studied, the definitions found in the literature and the cut-off points adopted. In this perspective, the heterogeneity in the classification and the different reference values has a critical impact on the epidemiology of sarcopenia, since neither the procedures, the components and the cut-off points are consistent. OBJECTIVES: To develop cut-off points for the screening of sarcopenia in community-dwelling older people residents in the northeast of Brazil and compare the prevalences between the values defined by the consensus and the values of the population studied. METHODS: Community-dwelling older men and women living in three cities in the countryside of Rio Grande do Norte were evaluated. Cutoff points were defined for the variables used to screen for sarcopenia (handgrip strength, SMI, gait speed and SPPB) using the 20th percentile of their population distributions. RESULTS: The sample was composed of 1,290 older people (62.5% female and 37.5% male), with an average of 69.5 (± 6.05) years of age. Regarding the cutoff points, the handgrip values were defined as 25.3 kg and 16 kg for men and women, respectively. Considering the SMM adjusted according to their height, the values of 7.88 kg/m2 were adopted for men and 5.52 kg/m2 for women. When adjusting by BMI we obtained 0.73 kg/BMI for men and 0.41 kg/BMI for women. For gait speed it was defined 0.71 m/s for men and 0.63 m/s for women. In the case of SPPB, the result was the same for both genders (≤8). When applying the values found in the studied population, a variation in prevalence was observed for both men and women, depending on the cut-off points and consensus used. CONCLUSION: The cutoff values found in our population were lower than those adopted by international consensus (EWGSOP2, IWGS and FNIH), except for HGS in woman and SMI/m2 for men. Therefore, using specific cutoff points for different populations can provide an accurate assessment of the presence of sarcopenia and better target health prevention strategies for the older people living in the community.

Association between self-rated health and physical performance in middle-aged and older women from Northeast Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Self-rated Health (SRH) is regarded as a simple and valid measure of a person's health status, given its association to adverse health outcomes, including low physical performance in older populations. However, studies investigating these associations in low- and middle-income settings are scarce, especially for middle-aged populations. Understanding the validity of SRH in relation to objective health measures in low-income populations could assist in decision making about health policy and strategies, especially in under-resourced settings. OBJECTIVE: Assess the relationship between SRH and physical performance measures in middle-aged and older women in a low-income setting of Brazil. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study of 571 middle-aged (40-59 years old) and older (60-80 years old) women living in Parnamirim and Santa Cruz in the Northeast region of Brazil. Participants reported their health status and were allocated to the "SRH good" or "SRH poor" groups. The physical performance evaluation included: handgrip strength, one-legged balance with eyes open and closed and chair stand test. The relationship between SRH and physical performance for middle-aged and older women was assessed by quantile regression (modeling medians) adjusted for potential confounders (age, socioeconomic variables, body mass index, menopause status, age at first birth, parity, chronic conditions and physical activity). RESULTS: Middle-aged women from the "SRH good" group presented better physical performance with 1.75 kgf stronger handgrip strength (95% CI [0.47-3.02]; p = 0.004), 1.31 s longer balance with eyes closed ([0.00-2.61]; p = 0.030), and they were 0.56 s faster in the chair stand test ([0.18-0.94]; p = 0.009) than those who reported "SRH poor". No association was found for balance with eyes open. For older women, there was no evidence of associations between physical performance and SRH. CONCLUSION: This study showed that SRH is significantly associated with objective measures of physical performance in a sample of low-income middle-aged women. SRH can be an important tool to indicate the need for further evaluation of physical performance among middle-aged women and can be particularly useful for low-income communities.

Capacidade de avaliação de testes de desempenho físico para identificar baixa massa muscular em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas / Ability to evaluate physical performance tests to identify low muscle mass in middle-aged and older women

Resumo Objetivo Verificar a capacidade de avaliação de testes de desempenho físico na identificação da baixa massa muscular (MM) em mulheres de meia-idade e idosas. Método Estudo transversal realizado com 540 mulheres de meia-idade (40-59 anos) e idosas (≥60 anos), nos municípios de Parnamirim e Santa Cruz, no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. Foram avaliadas MM, força de preensão palmar, extensão de joelho e velocidade da marcha. A baixa MM foi definida pelo índice de massa muscular esquelética menor que os 20% mais baixos para cada grupo de idade. Foram utilizados os testes: t de Student, qui-quadrado, análise de curva ROC para calcular a área sob a curva e ponto de corte de cada teste na discriminação das participantes com baixa MM. Foi considerado p<0,05 e IC de 95%. Resultados Para o grupo de meia-idade, as forças de preensão palmar e de extensão do joelho apresentaram sensibilidade (71,6% e 72,5%, respectivamente) e especificidade (59,4% e 56,0%, respectivamente) moderadas na identificação de baixa MM. Para as idosas, a velocidade da marcha e a força de preensão manual apresentaram boa sensibilidade (77,8% e 81,6%, respectivamente) e especificidade moderada (51,4% e 64,5%, respectivamente). A capacidade discriminatória da velocidade da marcha para as mulheres de meia-idade e da força de extensão do joelho para as mulheres idosas foi insatisfatória. Conclusão As medidas de força muscular são úteis para a triagem de baixa MM em mulheres de meia-idade, enquanto os testes de força de preensão manual e velocidade de marcha são úteis para idosas.

Abstract Objective To verify the ability to evaluate physical performance tests in the identification of low muscle mass (MM) in middle-aged and old women. Method This cross-sectional study was carried out with 540 middle-aged (40-59 years old) and old women (≥60 years old) in the municipalities of Parnamirim and Santa Cruz in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. MM, handgrip strength, knee extension, and gait speed were evaluated. Low MM was defined by skeletal muscle mass index lower than the lower 20% for each age group. The following tests were used: Student's t, chi-square, ROC curve analysis to calculate the area under the curve, and cutoff point of each test in the discrimination of participants with low MM. P<0.05 and CI of 95% were considered. Results For the middle-aged group, the handgrip and knee extension strength showed moderate sensitivity (71.6% and 72.5%, respectively) and specificity (59.4% and 56.0%, respectively) in the identification of low MM. For the old women, gait speed and handgrip strength showed good sensitivity (77.8% and 81.6%, respectively) and moderate specificity (51.4% and 64.5%, respectively). The discriminatory capacity of gait speed for middle-aged women and knee extension strength for old women were unsatisfactory. Conclusion Muscle strength measurements are useful for low MM screening in middle-aged women, while handgrip strength and gait speed tests are useful for older women.

Low back pain and disability in military police: an epidemiological study / Dor lombar e incapacidade em policiais militares: um estudo epidemiológico / Dolor lumbar e incapacidad en policías militares: un estudio epidemiológico

Abstract Introduction: The low back pain is a major public health problem in industrialized societies, commonly affecting the adult population. The occupation is considered as a risk factor, especially those functions that require physical effort, we have as example the job of the military police, who are exposed to several risk factors, both those who perform administrative activities, and those who perform the ostensive policing. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low back pain among military police, as well the presence of disability and associated factors. Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study. Was evaluated the level of disability, pain before and after the work shift, flexibility, postural alterations and anthropometric measures. It was used the regression analysis, considering 95% CI and p < 0.05. Were interviewed 97 military police with mean age of 39.30 (± 5.33), all males. Results: The complaint of low back pain was significantly larger after the work shift, and 82.5% reported difficulties in daily life activities due to low back pain. Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of low back pain and impairment in daily life activities because of military police. The data presented reinforce the need to consider low back pain as a public health problem that affects the whole population, especially the military police.

Resumo Introdução: A dor na região lombar é um importante problema de saúde pública nas sociedades industrializadas, acometendo comumente a população adulta. A ocupação é considerada como um fator de risco, principalmente aquelas funções que requerem esforço físico, temos como exemplo a ocupação do policial militar, que se encontram expostos a vários fatores de risco, tanto os que realizam atividades administrativas, quanto àqueles que realizam o policiamento ostensivo. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de dor lombar entre policiais militares, bem como a presença de incapacidade e seus fatores associados. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de caráter analítico. Foi avaliado o nível de incapacidade, dor antes e depois do turno de trabalho, flexibilidade, alterações posturais e medidas antropométricas. Utilizou-se a análise de regressão linear múltipla, considerando o IC 95% e p < 0,05. Foram entrevistados 97 policiais militares com média de idade de 39,30 (± 5,33), sendo todos do sexo masculino. Resultados: A queixa de dor lombar foi significativamente maior após o turno de trabalho e, 82,5% dos indivíduos relataram prejuízo na realização das atividades da vida diária decorrente de lombalgia. Conclusão: Há uma alta prevalência de dor lombar e prejuízo nas atividades da vida diária em sua decorrência entre os policiais militares. Os dados apresentados reforçam a necessidade de considerar a lombalgia como problema de saúde pública que afeta toda a população, em especial os policiais militares.

Resumen Introducción: El dolor en la región lumbar es un importante problema de salud pública en las sociedades industrializadas, afectando comúnmente a la población adulta. La ocupación es considerada como un factor de riesgo, principalmente aquellas funciones que requieren esfuerzo físico, tenemos como ejemplo la ocupación del policía militar, que se encuentran expuestos a varios factores de riesgo, tanto los que realizan actividades administrativas, como los que realizan el trabajo policial ostensible. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de dolor lumbar entre policías militares, así como la presencia de incapacidad y sus factores asociados. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio transversal de carácter analítico. Se evaluó el nivel de incapacidad, dolor antes y después del turno de trabajo, flexibilidad, alteraciones posturales y medidas antropométricas. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión lineal múltiple considerando el IC 95% y p < 0,05. Se entrevistaron a 97 policías militares con una media de edad de 39,30 (± 5,33), siendo todos del sexo masculino. Resultados: La queja de dolor lumbar fue significativamente mayor después del turno de trabajo y el 82,5% de los individuos reportaron perjuicio en la realización de las actividades de la vida diaria derivada de la lumbalgia. Conclusión: Se concluye que hay una alta prevalencia de dolor lumbar y perjuicio en las actividades de la vida diaria en su consecuencia entre los policías militares. Los datos presentados refuerzan la necesidad de considerar la lumbalgia como problema de salud pública que afecta a toda la población, en especial a los policías militares.

Associação da depressão com as características sociodemográficas, qualidade do sono e hábitos de vida em idosos do Nordeste brasileiro: estudo seccional de base populacional / Association between depression and sociodemographic characteristics, quality of sleep and living habits among the elderly of the north-east of Brazil: a cross-sectional population based study

Introdução: Os transtornos depressivos podem ser definidos como episódios de humor deprimido ou perda de interesse e prazer por quase todas as atividades. A depressão é considerada o principal transtorno mental em idosos, podendo relacionar-se com a qualidade do sono e hábitos de vida, além de ser influenciada por questões sociodemográficas.Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de depressão em idosos no interior do Nordeste brasileiro e qual a sua relação com o perfil sociodemográfico, qualidade do sono e hábitos de vida. Método:Delineou-se um estudo epidemiológico do tipo transversal, tendo como base a população idosa da zona urbana de Campina Grande-PB. Foi investigada a presença de depressão como variável dependente, assim como aspectos sociodemográfios, qualidade do sono e hábitos de vida como variáveis independentes. Foram obtidas estimativas de prevalência das variáveis e medidas de associação por meio de regressão de Poisson. Adotou-se um nível de significância de 5% para as estimativas.Resultados: Participaram do estudo 168 idosos com idade média de 72,3 (±7,8) anos, sendo em sua maioria mulheres, 122 (72,6%). O quadro depressivo foi identificado em 72 idosos (42,9%). As idosas estavam duas vezes mais associadas ao quadro depressivo (RP=2,26) que os homens. A qualidade subjetiva do sono muito bom (RP=0,34), o médio/alto risco de distúrbio do sono (RP=4,08), tomar medicações para dormir uma ou duas vezes na semana (RP=5,21) e três vezes ou mais (RP=8,69), disfunção diurna uma ou duas vezes por semana (RP=14,40) e três vezes ou mais (RP=27,00) e má qualidade do sono no índice de Pittsburgh apresentaram associação com a depressão na análise bivariada, mas sem relação após ajustamento multivariávelConclusion:A prevalência de depressão mostrou-se elevada na população estudada, sendo claramente mais frequente nas idosas. Por outro lado, não foi possível detectar associação da depressão com os hábitos de vida e a qualidade do sono.

Introduction: Depressive disorders can be defined as episodes of depressed mood or loss of interest and pleasure in nearly all activities. Depression is considered a major mental disorder in the elderly, and may be related to quality of sleep and living habits as well as being influenced by sociodemographic factors.Objective: To determine the prevalence of depression among the elderly in the north-east of Brazil, and the relationship between the condition and socio-demographic profile, quality of sleep and living habits. Method: An epidemiological cross-sectional study was performed of the elderly population of the urban area of Campina Grande, Paraiba. The dependent variable presence of depression and the independent variables sociodemographic aspects, sleep quality, and living habits were investigated. Estimates of the prevalence of the variables were obtained and association measured using Poisson Regression. A 5% significance level was adopted for the estimates.Results: The study included 168 elderly patients with a mean age of 72.3 (±7.8) years, most of whom, 122 (72.6%), were women. Depression was identified in 72 elderly persons (42.9%). Elderly women were twice as associated with depression (PR=2.26) as men. A subjective quality of sleep of very good (PR=0.34), medium/high risk of sleep disturbance (PR = 4.08), taking sleeping medications once or twice (PR=5.21) and three times or more (PR=8.69) a week, daytime dysfunction once or twice (PR=14.40) and three times or more (PR=27) a week and poor quality of sleep on the Pittsburgh index were associated with depression in bivariate analysis, although there was no relationship following multivariable adjustment.Conclusion:The prevalence of depression was high in the studied population, being noticeably more frequent among elderly woman. However, it was not possible to detect an association between depression and living habits and sleep quality.

Effects of mirror therapy through functional activites and motor standards in motor function of the upper limb after stroke / Efecto de la terapia del espejo por mediante actividades funcionales y patrones motores em la función del miembro superior después de um accidente cerebrovascular / Efeito da terapia de espelho por meio de atividades funcionais e padrões motores na função do membro superior pós-acidente vascular encefálico

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of mirror therapy through functional activities and motor standards in upper limb function of chronic stroke subjects. Six patients with paresis of the arm within at least six months after stroke were randomly to a group of functional activities (GAF - n=3) and group of motor standards (GPM - n=3). Both groups performed 15 sessions of mirror therapy for 30 minutes, but the first one (GAF) were instructed to do the bilateral and symmetrical movements based on functional activities (i.e. games fitting) and the second one (GAP) made movements based on normal motor patterns (i.e. wrist flexion-extension). There was no statistical significance between pre- and post-treatment for both groups independently. However, analyzing the groups together (n=6), it was observed significance values in the cognitive and total MIF (p=0.002) pre- and post-mirror therapy. This study showed improvement in the functional impairment whatever the type of movement made during the mirror therapy.

El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de la terapia de espejo por medio de actividades funcionales y patrones motores del movimiento en la función motora del miembro superior de hemiparéticos crónicos pos-Accidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Seis pacientes con hemiparesía del brazo con al menos seis meses pos-AVE fueron asignados de modo aleatorio a un grupo de actividades funcionales (GAF - n=3) y un grupo de patrones motores (GPM - n=3). Ambos grupos realizaron 15 sesiones de terapia del espejo durante 30 minutos, pero el primero (GAF) fue orientado a hacer movimientos bilaterales y simétricos en base a las actividades funcionales (es decir, juegos de encaje) y el segundo (GPM), a hacer movimientos basados ​​en patrones motores normales (es decir, flexión-extensión de la muñeca). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre pre y post-tratamiento para ambos grupos de forma independiente. Sin embargo, el análisis de los grupos en conjunto (n=6) demostró valores post-terapia significativos en la Medida de Independencia Funcional (MIF) cognitiva y total (p=0,002) pre y post-terapia de espejo. Este estudio mostró una mejoría en el deterioro funcional en cualquier tipo de movimiento realizado durante la terapia del espejo.

O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da aplicação da terapia de espelho por meio de atividades funcionais e padrões motores do movimento na função motora do membro superior de hemiparéticos crônicos pós-Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVE). Seis pacientes com hemiparesia do braço com pelo menos seis meses pós-AVE foram randomizados para um grupo de atividades funcionais (GAF - n=3) e um grupo de padrões motores (GPM - n=3). Ambos os grupos realizaram 15 sessões de terapia de espelho por 30 minutos, mas o primeiro (GAF) foi instruído a fazer movimentos bilaterais e simétricos baseados em atividades funcionais (isto é, jogos de encaixe) e o segundo (GPM), a fazer movimentos baseados em padrões motores normais (isto é, flexão-extensão de punho). Não houve significância estatística entre o pré e o pós-tratamento para ambos os grupos de modo independente. No entanto, analisando os grupos em conjunto (n=6), foram observados valores significativos na medida de independência funcional (MIF) cognitiva e total (p=0,002) pré e pós-terapia de espelho. Este estudo mostrou melhora no comprometimento funcional seja qual for o tipo de movimento feito durante a terapia de espelho.