Defective thyroid hormone transport to the brain leads to astroglial alterations.

Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a rare X-linked disorder that causes severe neurological damage, for which there is no effective treatment. AHDS is due to inactivating mutations in the thyroid hormone transporter MCT8 that impair the entry of thyroid hormones into the brain, resulting in cerebral hypothyroidism. However, the pathophysiology of AHDS is still not fully understood and this is essential to develop therapeutic strategies. Based on evidence suggesting that thyroid hormone deficit leads to alterations in astroglial cells, including gliosis, in this work, we have evaluated astroglial impairments in MCT8 deficiency by means of magnetic resonance imaging, histological, ultrastructural, and immunohistochemical techniques, and by mining available RNA sequencing outputs. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) imaging values obtained from magnetic resonance imaging showed changes indicative of alterations in brain cytoarchitecture in MCT8-deficient patients (n = 11) compared to control subjects (n = 11). Astroglial alterations were confirmed by immunohistochemistry against astroglial markers in autopsy brain samples of an 11-year-old and a 30th gestational week MCT8-deficient subjects in comparison to brain samples from control subjects at similar ages. These findings were validated and further explored in a mouse model of AHDS. Our findings confirm changes in all the astroglial populations of the cerebral cortex in MCT8 deficiency that impact astrocytic metabolic and mitochondrial cellular respiration functions. These impairments arise early in brain development and persist at adult stages, revealing an abnormal distribution, density, morphology of cortical astrocytes, along with altered transcriptome, compatible with an astrogliosis-like phenotype at adult stages. We conclude that astrocytes are potential novel therapeutic targets in AHDS, and we propose ADC imaging as a tool to monitor the progression of neurological impairments and potential effects of treatments in MCT8 deficiency.

Combined deletion of Mct8 and Dio2 impairs SVZ neurogliogenesis and olfactory function in adult mice.

Within the adult mouse subventricular zone (SVZ), neural stem cells (NSCs) produce neuroblasts and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). T3, the active thyroid hormone, influences renewal and commitment of SVZ progenitors. However, how regulators of T3 availability affect these processes is less understood. Using Mct8/Dio2 knockout mice, we investigated the role of MCT8, a TH transporter, and DIO2, the T3-generating enzyme, in regulating adult SVZ-neurogliogenesis. Single-cell RNA-Seq revealed Mct8 expression in various SVZ cell types in WT mice, while Dio2 was enriched in neurons, astrocytes, and quiescent NSCs. The absence of both regulators in the knockout model dysregulated gene expression, increased the neuroblast/OPC ratio and hindered OPC differentiation. Immunostainings demonstrated compromised neuroblast migration reducing their supply to the olfactory bulbs, impairing interneuron differentiation and odor discrimination. These findings underscore the pivotal roles of MCT8 and DIO2 in neuro- and oligodendrogenesis, offering targets for therapeutic avenues in neurodegenerative and demyelinating diseases.

Parental burnout during COVID-19: The moderating role of anxiety and family functioning.

Parental burnout (PB) is characterised by parental exhaustion resulting from exposure to chronic parental stress. Due to the social and economic changes resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic that impacted families, there is a significant scientific interest in identifying factors related to PB within the pandemic context. This study aimed to analyse the relationships between parental stress (parental concerns, parental satisfaction, lack of control, and fears and anxieties), family functioning, psychological morbidity (anxiety and depression), and burnout in parents. The sample consisted of 253 parents, legal guardians or primary caregivers of children aged between 0 and 6 years. Results revealed that the child's age, psychological morbidity (depression), and parental stress were significant predictors of PB. Anxiety and family functioning played a moderating role in the relationship between parental satisfaction and PB. According to the results, intervention programs should focus on anxiety symptoms and family functioning to mitigate the effects of parental stress on PB.

Perceptions and Experiences of Parents of Burn-Injured Children during Hospital Stay: A Need for Integrated Care.

Pediatric burn injuries are a critical medical condition that triggers a series of ongoing multifactorial stressors that affect both children and their families. To inform healthcare research and clinical practice, this study aimed to understand and describe the perceptions and experiences of the parents of burn-injured children during hospital stay. Forty-six parents (thirty-eight mothers) of forty-six children (eighteen girls) with a mean age of 2.28 years (SD = 1.52) answered ten open-ended questions. This qualitative study was conducted in a referral hospital in the northern region of Portugal. Qualitative data were analyzed using an inductive content analysis. Five key themes emerged from the data analysis: diving into the crisis of the child burn injury, being together and in good hands, becoming aware of an uncertain future, enhancing supportive care and environment, and finding ways to guide parents. Qualitative findings underlined the pressing need for integrated care within this context. Parents were significantly burdened and distressed during the inpatient phase. These parents should be included in the integrated care plan starting from admission. Understanding and addressing parents' healthcare needs and psychosocial adjustment difficulties is paramount to the development of future intervention programs and the delivery of suitable integrated healthcare.

Thyroid hormone action in adult neurogliogenic niches: the known and unknown.

Over the last decades, thyroid hormones (THs) signaling has been established as a key signaling cue for the proper maintenance of brain functions in adult mammals, including humans. One of the most fascinating roles of THs in the mature mammalian brain is their ability to regulate adult neurogliogenic processes. In this respect, THs control the generation of new neuronal and glial progenitors from neural stem cells (NSCs) as well as their final differentiation and maturation programs. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on the cellular organization of adult rodent neurogliogenic niches encompassing well-established niches in the subventricular zone (SVZ) lining the lateral ventricles, the hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ), and the hypothalamus, but also less characterized niches in the striatum and the cerebral cortex. We then discuss critical questions regarding how THs availability is regulated in the respective niches in rodents and larger mammals as well as how modulating THs availability in those niches interferes with lineage decision and progression at the molecular, cellular, and functional levels. Based on those alterations, we explore the novel therapeutic avenues aiming at harnessing THs regulatory influences on neurogliogenic output to stimulate repair processes by influencing the generation of either new neurons (i.e. Alzheimer's, Parkinson's diseases), oligodendrocytes (multiple sclerosis) or both (stroke). Finally, we point out future challenges, which will shape research in this exciting field in the upcoming years.

Insights on the role of thyroid hormone transport in neurosensory organs and implication for the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome.

Thyroid hormones play an important role during the development and functioning of the different sensory systems. In order to exert their actions, thyroid hormones need to access their target cells through transmembrane transporter proteins, among which the monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) stands out for its pathophysiological relevance. Mutations in the gene encoding for MCT8 lead to the Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS), a rare disease characterised by severe neuromotor and cognitive impairments. The impact of MCT8 deficiency in the neurosensory capacity of AHDS patients is less clear, with only a few patients displaying visual and auditory impairments. In this review we aim to gather data from different animal models regarding thyroid hormone transport and action in the different neurosensory systems that could aid to identify potential neurosensorial alterations in MCT8-deficient patients.

Portuguese Validation of the TAPQoL: A Health-Related Quality of Life Instrument for Children Aged 0-6 Years.

In Portugal, there are few generic and specific instruments to assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children, especially those of preschool age. This study aimed to adapt and validate the Portuguese version of the Preschool Children Quality of Life Questionnaire (TAPQoL) in a community and clinical sample of children aged 0-6 years. The parents of 409 healthy children and 137 children undergoing treatment for burns and acute lymphoblastic leukemia completed the TAPQoL and were assessed on psychological morbidity and family functioning. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, as well as analysis of the psychometric properties as shown by internal consistency measures, convergent validity, and average variance extracted. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed an 11-factor structure with good psychometric properties. The current version of the TAPQoL is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing HRQoL in Portuguese preschool children in community and clinical settings.

Repercussão da COVID-19 em crianças e adolescentes: nova inflamação multissistêmica ou desencadeamento da doença de Kawasaki? / COVID-19 repercussion in children and adolescents: a new multisystem inflammation or a Kawasaki disease trigger?

A doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) teve início em dezembro de 2019 na China e rapidamente adquiriu grande importância epidemiológica, com um crescente número de casos e mortes no Brasil e no mundo. Entre os diversos estudos sobre a doença causada pelo SARS-CoV-2, foram relatados casos de crianças infectadas que apresentaram inflamação multissistêmica, mimetizando a doença de Kawasaki, o que instigou a possibilidade de uma associação entre esta e a COVID-19. O presente artigo de revisão visa destacar esta nova possibilidade diagnóstica, discutindo principalmente os sintomas, exames laboratoriais e a epidemiologia que podem diferenciar a síndrome inflamatória multissistêmica em crianças (MIS-C) como decorrente da COVID- 19 ou desencadeante da doença de Kawasaki. O banco de dados eletrônico PubMed foi utilizado para a pesquisa de artigos originais e de revisão de 2020 e 2021, selecionados de acordo com critérios de atualidade e menção a descritores científicos como infecções por coronavírus, síndrome de linfonodos mucocutâneos e inflamação. A revisão dos sintomas da MIS-C e achados de exames laboratoriais relacionados à COVID-19 foi feita por meio de artigos com estudos realizados com mais de 10 pacientes. Entre os principais resultados obtidos tem-se a diferença entre a faixa etária e etnia acometidas, presença de sintomas gastrointestinais, mecanismos de lesão cardíaca envolvidos e alterações de exames laboratoriais na doença de Kawasaki e na MIS-C. Assim, a conclusão é que a MIS-C está relacionada à infecção prévia pelo SARS-CoV-2, compartilhando dos sintomas da doença de Kawasaki, sem atuar como um desencadeante desta doença.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) arose in December 2019 in China and quickly assumed great epidemiological importance, with an increasing number of cases and deaths in Brazil and worldwide. Among the several studies on this disease, cases of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 who had multisystem inflammation, mimicking Kawasaki disease, were reported, which raised the possibility of an association between Kawasaki disease and COVID-19. This review article aims to highlight this new diagnostic possibility and mainly discusses the symptoms, laboratory tests, and epidemiology that may differentiate multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) as a result of COVID-19 or as a Kawasaki disease trigger. Original and review articles from 2020 and 2021 that were current and mentioned keywords such as coronavirus infections, mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, and inflammation were selected from the electronic database PubMed. The review of MIS-C symptoms and laboratory findings related to COVID-19 was based on articles of studies that included more than 10 patients. The main results obtained were differences between the affected age group and ethnicity, presence of gastrointestinal tract symptoms, different mechanisms of cardiac injury involved, and changes in laboratory tests in Kawasaki disease and MIS-C. In conclusion, MIS-C is related to previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and leads to the same symptoms of Kawasaki disease, without acting as a trigger for this disease.

Assessment of knowledge and self efficacy before and after teaching basic life support to schoolchildren / Avaliação de conhecimentos e da autoeficácia antes e após ensino de suporte básico de vida a crianças

ABSTRACT Objective: Teaching basic life support to schoolchildren is well established as one of the most effective strategies in increasing bystander CPR rates. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence concerning the Portuguese pediatric population. The present study aims to evaluate the outcome of a basic life support training session on theoretical knowledge and self-efficacy, immediately after the training and 6 months later, in a pediatric population. Methods: A total of 392 schoolchildren, aged seven to 12 years old, participated in this prospective longitudinal study, answering a questionnaire before, immediately after, and six months after receiving 120 minutes of resuscitation training from medical students. Results: There was a significant increase in the knowledge and self-efficacy after one single training session. Both decreased over a period of six months but remained significantly higher than the baseline. These results were homogeneous across classes. Conclusions: Medical students provided adequate basic life support training to a group of Portuguese schoolchildren, with effects in the knowledge and self-efficacy lasting for at least six months.

RESUMO Objetivo: O ensino de suporte básico de vida a crianças em idade escolar está bem estabelecido como uma das estratégias mais eficazes no aumento das taxas de reanimação cardiorrespiratória. No entanto, há uma falta de validação científica para a população pediátrica portuguesa. Este estudo pretende avaliar o resultado de uma sessão de treino em suporte básico de vida no conhecimento teórico e autoeficácia, imediatamente e seis meses após, em população pediátrica. Métodos: Um total de 392 crianças, com idade entre 7-12 anos, participaram neste estudo longitudinal prospetivo, respondendo a um questionário antes, imediatamente depois e 6 meses após receberem 120 minutos de treino em reanimação cardiorrespiratória feito por estudantes de medicina. Resultados: Houve um aumento significativo no conhecimento e autoeficácia nas crianças após este treino único. Ambos diminuíram num período de seis meses, mas mantiveram-se significativamente mais altos que o valor basal. Estes resultados foram homogêneos nas diferentes turmas. Conclusões: Estudantes de medicina ministraram adequadamente o treino de Suporte Básico de Vida a um grupo de crianças portuguesas em idade escolar, com efeitos em nível do conhecimento e da autoeficácia que duram pelo menos seis meses.

Characteristics of the equine placenta at first trimester / Características de la placenta equina en el primer trimestre

The equine placenta is a simple apposition of fetal and maternal tissues, becoming more complex with the formation of microcotyledons around days 75 and 100 of gestation. The present study aimed to describe the gross and microscopic morphology of early equine placenta. Embryonic/fetal membranes from thirty-seven mares were submitted to macroscopic description, light, scanning and transmission microscopy. Overall the gross characteristics of membranes were similar with already described for older stages. However, transmission electron microscopy evidenced high metabolic rate in chorion and allantois, and high secretion profile in amnion and even higher in yolk sac. Gene ontologies enrichment, using published data, pointed several common ontologies in allantoic and amniotic fluids, related to oxygen and iron transport, extracellular space and high-density lipoprotein receptor binding. Overall, the morphological and ontology enrichment could indicate allantois and amnion crosstalk.

La placenta equina es una simple aposición de tejidos fetales y maternos, que se vuelve más compleja con la formación de microcotiledones alrededor de los días 75 y 100 de gestación. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la morfología macroscópica y microscópica de la placenta equina temprana. Las membranas embrionarias / fetales de treinta y siete yeguas fueron sometidas a descripción macroscópica, luz, escaneo y microscopía de transmisión. En general, las características generales de las membranas fueron similares a las ya descritas para las etapas más antiguas. Sin embargo, la microscopía electrónica de transmisión mostró una alta tasa metabólica en corion y alantoides, y un alto perfil de secreción en amnios e incluso mayor en el saco vitelino. El enriquecimiento de ontologías génicas, utilizando datos publicados, señaló varias ontologías comunes en fluidos alantoideos y amnióticos, relacionados con el transporte de oxígeno y hierro, espacio extracelular y unión a receptores de lipoproteínas de alta densidad. En general, el enriquecimiento morfológico y ontológico podría indicar alantoides y diafonía de amnios.

Movimentos sociais no Brasil contemporâneo: crise econômica e crise política / Social movements in contemporary Brazil: economic and political crises

Resumo: O artigo objetiva compreender os movimentos sociais no Brasil a partir da grande crise capitalista iniciada em 2008 e de suas expressões políticas mais visíveis: a organização e mobilização social em redes, fóruns e coletivos. Foram usados dados secundários (artigos científicos e jornalísticos) para mapeamento de aspectos do fenômeno. O mapeamento faz parte de um programa de pesquisa que objetiva compreender as principais tendências das recentes transformações de movimentos sociais e instituições democráticas no Brasil.

Abstract: This article sets out to understand Social Movements in Brazil in the context of the great capital crisis which began in 2008 and its most visible political expressions: social organisation and social mobilisation (forums, collectives and virtual activism). The article employs secondary data (scientific and journalistic articles) to map of aspects of the phenomena. The mapping forms part of a broad programme of research to understand the main trends (whether retarding or advancing the demands for more democracy) among the most recent transformations of Social Movements and democratic institutions in Brazil.

Aplicação da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem em gestantes atendidas no pré-natal / Application of nursing care systematization in pregnant care pregnant women / Aplicación de la sistematización de cuidados de enfermería en mujeresembarazadas de cuidados de embarazo

Introdução:O acompanhamento pré-natal visa assegurar o desenvolvimento da gestação, favorecendo um nascimento saudável. Dessa forma, o enfermeiro vem se destacando como profissional competente para efetivar as ações propostas pelo Ministério da Saúde. A partir da aplicação do Processo de Enfermagem, que consiste em um método científico que orienta as ações e identifica as principais necessidades do indivíduo. Objetivo:Relatar a aplicação da sistematização da assistência de enfermagem emgestantes atendidas no pré-natal a partir de umchecklist. Metodologia:Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência relacionado a aplicabilidade da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem em uma Unidade Saúde Escola no município de Caruaru-PE. Foi construído um instrumento checklist composto por diagnósticos e intervenções de Enfermagemde acordo com as demandas das gestantes segundo as teorias das Necessidades Humanas Básicas, Teoria do Autocuidado e Teoria Holística. O checklist é composto por 24 diagnósticos e 89 intervenções de Enfermagem estruturados a partir da Classificação Internacional para a Prática de Enfermagem (CIPE). Resultados:Foram selecionados para o checklist, 8 diagnósticos mais comuns observado entre as gestantes na literatura, seguido de 3 intervenções de Enfermagem tambémmais presente de ser selecionado pelos enfermeiros, como: comportamento alimentar comprometido, gravidez não planejada presente, náusea presente, status de imunização inadequado, vômito presente, conhecimento sobre saúde comprometido, obstipação presente e dor presente. Conclusões:O papel do enfermeiro em suas atribuições tem mostrado tamanha importância quando se trata do mesmo utilizar o processo de Enfermagem nas consultas de pré-natal. Ressalta-se que o instrumento checklist servirácomo subsídios para os profissionais enfermeiros planejarem suas ações intervencionistas. Contudo, destaca-se a necessidade de cada vez mais os enfermeiros utilizarem da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem como recurso indispensável para a prática profissional (AU).

Introduction:Prenatal follow-up aims to ensure the development of gestation, favoring a healthy birth. In this way, the nurse has been standing out as a competent professional to carry out the actions proposed by the Ministry of Health. From the application of the Nursing Process, which consists of a scientific method that guides the actions and identifies the main needs of the individual. Objective:Report the application of nursing care systematization in pregnant women attended prenatal care from a checklist.Methodology:Descriptive study of the type of experience report related to the applicability of Nursing Care Systematization in a Health School Unit in the city of Caruaru-PE. A checklist instrument was constructed composed of nursing diagnoses and interventions according to the demands of pregnant women according to the theories of Basic Human Needs, Self-Care Theory and Holistic Theory. The checklistconsists of 24 diagnoses and 89 nursing interventions structured from the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP). Results: Eight most common diagnoses observed among pregnant women in the literature were selected for the checklist, followed by three nursing interventions also more present to be selected by nurses, such as: compromised eating behavior, unplanned pregnancy present, nausea present, inadequate immunization status, vomiting present, impaired health knowledge, present constipation and present pain. Conclusions:The role of nurses in their duties has shown such importance when it comes to using the nursing process in prenatal consultations. It is noteworthy that the checklist instrument will serve as subsidies for nurses to plan their interventionist actions. However, there is a need for more and more nurses to use Nursing Care Systematization as an indispensable resource for professional practice (AU).

Introducción:La atención prenatal tiene como objetivo garantizar el desarrollo del embarazo, favoreciendo un parto saludable. Así, la enfermera se ha destacado como un profesional competente para llevar a cabo las acciones propuestas por el Ministerio de Salud, desde la aplicación del Proceso de Enfermería, que consiste en un método científico que guía las acciones e identifica las principales necesidades del individuo. Objetivo:Informe de la aplicación de la sistematización de cuidados de enfermería en mujeres embarazadas prenatales de una lista de verificación. Metodología:Estudio descriptivo del tipo de informe de experiencia relacionado con la aplicabilidad de la Sistematización del Cuidado de Enfermería en una Unidad de Escuela de Salud en la ciudad de Caruaru-PE. Se construyó un instrumento de lista de verificación compuesto por diagnósticos e intervenciones de enfermería de acuerdo con las demandas de las mujeres embarazadas de acuerdo con las teorías de las necesidades humanas básicas, la teoría del autocuidado y la teoría holística. La lista de verificación consta de 24 diagnósticos y 89 intervenciones de enfermería estructuradas a partir de la Clasificación Internacional para la Práctica de Enfermería (ICNP).Resultados:Se seleccionaron para la lista de verificación los ocho diagnósticos más comunes observados entre las mujeres embarazadas en la literatura, seguidos de tres intervenciones de enfermería también más presentes para ser seleccionadas por las enfermeras, tales como: conducta alimentaria comprometida, embarazo no planificado presente, náuseas presentes, estado de inmunización inadecuado, vómitos presentes, problemas de salud, estreñimiento presente y dolor presente.Conclusiones:El papel de las enfermeras en sus deberes ha demostrado tanta importancia cuando se trata de utilizar el proceso de enfermería en las consultas prenatales. Es de destacar que el instrumento de la lista de verificación servirá como subsidios para las enfermeras para planificar sus acciones intervencionistas. Sin embargo, existe la necesidad de que más y más enfermeras utilicen la Sistematización del Cuidado de Enfermería como un recurso indispensable para la práctica profesional (AU).

Factors that influence the redox state in children: An exploratory study

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of the redox state via malondialdehyde (MDA) as a lipid peroxidation biomarker and hydrophilic antioxidant capacity (HAC) with dietary, anthropometric, demographic, socio-economic and clinical variables as well as the serum concentrations of vitamins in children aged 20-36 months. This cross-sectional study was conducted from May 2013 to May 2014 and included a total of 100 children. METHODS: The variables studied included anthropometric measurements, dietary intake by the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), socio-demographic features, clinical attributes, serum redox status, and serum vitamin concentrations. RESULTS: Children with a family income above the minimum wage and adequate body mass index (BMI) presented higher HAC. The MDA concentration was higher in children older than 24 months. Breastfeeding for up to 120 days provided greater antioxidant capacity. Children classified in the 2nd tertile for "fruit and vegetables" and "milk and dairy products" consumption showed lower levels of MDA. There was a positive correlation of MDA with serum vitamin A levels. These results show that among children in the 20-36 months age group, family income, breastfeeding, BMI and intake of fruits and vegetables can have an influence on the imbalance of the redox state. CONCLUSION: One strategy to prevent the imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants could be for health professionals to raise awareness among families, as such knowledge could repress/prevent the progression/initiation of several diseases in adult life.

Políticas Sociais na Contemporaneidade: o fim do caminho? / Social Policies Today: the end of the road?

O artigo é produto de um trabalho de reflexão conceitual sobre as relações entre Estado e política social na sociedade capitalista a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica e revisão da literatura, realizadas no âmbito do projeto de estudos desenvolvido em licença capacitação. Seu principal objetivo é pensar a configuração da política social, sem deixar de tratar dos seus determinantes econômicos, como resultante, também, de um processo de disputa política e teórica acerca do papel do Estado na sociedade capitalista entre as principais referências teóricas no interior das ciências sociais: o pensamento liberal e o pensamento marxista.

This article is the result of a study grounded on concepts to reflect on the relationship between State and Social Policy in the capitalist society. It adopts bibliographical research and literature review carried out within the study project during qualification leave. The main goal is to think about how social policy is configured, taking into account its economic determinants, as the result of a political and theoretical debate about the role of the State in capitalist societies between the main theoretical references within social sciences: liberal thinking and Marxist thinking.

Ansiedade relacionada à matemática e diferenças de gênero: uma análise da literatura

A ansiedade diante da matemática é uma condição caracterizada por padrões de fuga e esquiva em situações que exigem o uso da matemática, bem como reações fisiológicas desagradáveis, atribuições negativas à matemática e autoatribuições negativas. O presente artigo objetiva sistematizar os conhecimentos atuais acerca da relação entre gênero e ansiedade matemática. É apresentada uma análise da literatura técnica que trata do tema, e são apontadas algumas lacunas a serem preenchidas por meio de pesquisas empíricas.(AU)

Mathematics anxiety is a condition characterized by patterns of escape and avoidance in situations that require the use of mathematics, as well as unpleasant physiological reactions, negative attributions to mathematics and negative self attributions. This article aims to systematize the current knowledge about the relationship between gender and mathematics anxiety. An analysis of the technical literature is presented, and some gaps to be filled through empirical research are highlighted.(AU)

La ansiedad ante las matemáticas es una condición que se caracteriza por patrones de escape y evitación en situaciones que requieran el uso de matemáticas, así como reacciones fisiológicas desagradables, atribuciones negativas a las matemáticas y auto atribuiciones negativas. Este artículo pretende sistematizar el conocimiento actual sobre la relación entre género y ansiedad matemática. Se presenta un análisis de la literatura técnica que aborda el tema y destacaron algunas lagunas de llenarse a través de la investigación empírica.(AU)

Ansiedade relacionada à matemática e diferenças de gênero: uma análise da literatura / Anxiety related to mathematics and gender differences: a literature review

A ansiedade diante da matemática é uma condição caracterizada por padrões de fuga e esquiva em situações que exigem o uso da matemática, bem como reações fisiológicas desagradáveis, atribuições negativas à matemática e autoatribuições negativas. O presente artigo objetiva sistematizar os conhecimentos atuais acerca da relação entre gênero e ansiedade matemática. É apresentada uma análise da literatura técnica que trata do tema, e são apontadas algumas lacunas a serem preenchidas por meio de pesquisas empíricas.

Mathematics anxiety is a condition characterized by patterns of escape and avoidance in situations that require the use of mathematics, as well as unpleasant physiological reactions, negative attributions to mathematics and negative self attributions. This article aims to systematize the current knowledge about the relationship between gender and mathematics anxiety. An analysis of the technical literature is presented, and some gaps to be filled through empirical research are highlighted.

La ansiedad ante las matemáticas es una condición que se caracteriza por patrones de escape y evitación en situaciones que requieran el uso de matemáticas, así como reacciones fisiológicas desagradables, atribuciones negativas a las matemáticas y auto atribuiciones negativas. Este artículo pretende sistematizar el conocimiento actual sobre la relación entre género y ansiedad matemática. Se presenta un análisis de la literatura técnica que aborda el tema y destacaron algunas lagunas de llenarse a través de la investigación empírica.

Treatment of vascular dementia. Recommendations of the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology / Tratamento da demência vascular. Recomendações do Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia

Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of ABN had a consensus meeting to write recommendations on treatment of vascular dementia, there was no previous issue. This disease has numerous particularities and can be considered a preventable dementia. Prevention treatment is primary care of vascular risk factors or a secondary prevention of factors that could cause recurrence of ischemic or hemorrhagic brain modifications. In these guidelines we suggested only symptomatic treatment, pharmacologic or non-pharmacologic. We have reviewed current publications on MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS e Cochrane Library databases. Recommendations are concern to the following factors and their prevention evidences, association, or treatment of vascular dementia: physical activity, tobacco use, diet and food supplements, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, statins, cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation, antithrombotics, sleep apnea, carotid revascularization, symptomatic pharmacological treatment.

O DC de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da ABN reuniu-se para escrever recomendações para o tratamento da demência vascular, uma vez que não havia nenhuma recomendação neste sentido. Esta doença tem inúmeras particularidades e pode ser considerada uma das demências que pode ser prevenida. O tratamento para sua prevenção é o de cuidados primários para os fatores de risco vasculares, ou a prevenção secundária dos fatores que levam a recorrência de alterações isquêmicas ou hemorrágicas cerebrais. Nestas recomendações sugerimos apenas o tratamento sintomático, medicamentoso ou não. Baseamo-nos nas evidências disponíveis, através da revisão das publicações nas bases MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS e Cochrane Library. As recomendações dizem respeito aos seguintes fatores e suas evidências na prevenção, associação ou tratamento da demência vascular: atividade física, álcool, tabagismo, dieta e suplementos, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, estatinas, insuficiência cardíaca, fibrilação atrial, antiagregantes, apneia do sono, revascularização carotídea e tratamento farmacológico sintomático.

Propriedades psicométricas das escalas de assédio moral no trabalho: percepção e impacto / Psychometric properties of psychological harassment scales at work: perception and impact

Este texto relata a adaptação e as características psicométricas de medidas de assédio moral no trabalho: a Escala de Percepção da Frequência e a Escala de Impacto Afetivo do Assédio Moral no Trabalho. Os instrumentos, autoaplicáveis, possuíam itens idênticos, mas foram respondidos em escalas diferentes, uma referindo-se à percepção de assédio e outra, ao impacto afetivo provocado pelo fenômeno. Participaram 216 trabalhadores, ocupantes de funções diversas, como atividades de apoio administrativo, assistência à saúde, serviços gerais, de atendimento e recepção de pessoas, policiais militares, de vendas e professores. Possuíam idades entre 17 e 61 anos; 65 por cento eram mulheres. Resultados das análises fatoriais revelaram dois fatores componentes da Escala de Percepção do Assédio Moral no Trabalho, mas apenas fator um compôs a Escala de Impacto Afetivo do Assédio Moral. Indicadores satisfatórios de consistência interna indicavam que todos os itens contribuíram para melhorar a fidedignidade das escalas. A estrutura encontrada diferiu da relatada na literatura e estes achados embasam a discussão dos resultados.(AU)

This text reports the adaptation and psychometric characteristics of psychological harassment measures: the frequency perception and the affective impact harassment scales. The instruments -self-applicable- had identical items, but were answered in different scales; one referring to the harassment perception and the other, to the affective impact caused by the phenomenon. 216 workers participated, who occupy diverse positions, like administrative support activities, health assistance, general services, people servicing and reception, military officers, sales and teachers. They were between 17 and 61 years-old, and 65 percent was female. Factorial analysis results revealed two Harassment Perception Scale factors, but only one of them was revealed in the Harassment Affective Impact Scale. Satisfactory internal consistency indicators pointed out that all the items contributed to improve scales reliability. The structure found differed from that related in literature, and such results are the basis of results discussion.(AU)

Propriedades psicométricas das escalas de assédio moral no trabalho: percepção e impacto / Psychometric properties of psychological harassment scales at work: perception and impact

Este texto relata a adaptação e as características psicométricas de medidas de assédio moral no trabalho: a Escala de Percepção da Frequência e a Escala de Impacto Afetivo do Assédio Moral no Trabalho. Os instrumentos, autoaplicáveis, possuíam itens idênticos, mas foram respondidos em escalas diferentes, uma referindo-se à percepção de assédio e outra, ao impacto afetivo provocado pelo fenômeno. Participaram 216 trabalhadores, ocupantes de funções diversas, como atividades de apoio administrativo, assistência à saúde, serviços gerais, de atendimento e recepção de pessoas, policiais militares, de vendas e professores. Possuíam idades entre 17 e 61 anos; 65 por cento eram mulheres. Resultados das análises fatoriais revelaram dois fatores componentes da Escala de Percepção do Assédio Moral no Trabalho, mas apenas fator um compôs a Escala de Impacto Afetivo do Assédio Moral. Indicadores satisfatórios de consistência interna indicavam que todos os itens contribuíram para melhorar a fidedignidade das escalas. A estrutura encontrada diferiu da relatada na literatura e estes achados embasam a discussão dos resultados.

This text reports the adaptation and psychometric characteristics of psychological harassment measures: the frequency perception and the affective impact harassment scales. The instruments -self-applicable- had identical items, but were answered in different scales; one referring to the harassment perception and the other, to the affective impact caused by the phenomenon. 216 workers participated, who occupy diverse positions, like administrative support activities, health assistance, general services, people servicing and reception, military officers, sales and teachers. They were between 17 and 61 years-old, and 65 percent was female. Factorial analysis results revealed two Harassment Perception Scale factors, but only one of them was revealed in the Harassment Affective Impact Scale. Satisfactory internal consistency indicators pointed out that all the items contributed to improve scales reliability. The structure found differed from that related in literature, and such results are the basis of results discussion.

Tratamento da demência vascular / Treatment of vascular dementia

O DC de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da ABN reuniu-se para escrever recomendações para o tratamento da demência vascular, uma vez que não havia nenhuma recomendação neste sentido. Esta doença tem inúmeras particularidades e pode ser considerada uma das demências que pode ser prevenida. O tratamento para sua prevenção é o de cuidados primários para os fatores de risco vasculares, ou a prevenção secundária dos fatores que levam a recorrência de alterações isquêmicas ou hemorrágicas cerebrais. Nestas recomendações sugerimos apenas o tratamento sintomático, medicamentoso ou não. Baseamo-nos nas evidências disponíveis, através da revisão das publicações nas bases MEDLINE (PubMed), LILACS e Cochrane Library. Foram analisados artigos relacionados exclusivamente à demência vascular. As recomendações dizem respeito aos seguintes fatores e suas evidências na prevenção, associação ou tratamento da demência vascular: atividade física, álcool, tabagismo, dieta e suplementos, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus, obesidade, estatinas, insuficiência cardíaca, fibrilação atrial, antiagregantes, apneia do sono, revascularização carotídea e tratamento farmacológico sintomático.