RESUMO
The native marmoset of the Southeastern Atlantic Forest in Brazil is among the 25 most endangered primates of the world. Hybridization with alien species is one of its main threats registered since the early 2000s based on phenotype, so far, without genetic confirmation. Using uniparental molecular markers, we analyzed 18 putative hybrids, captured from 2004 to 2013 in different localities of the Atlantic Forest. A nine base pair deletion in the SRY gene of C. aurita was used to investigate paternal ancestry. Maternal ancestry was assessed by DNA sequencing of ca. 455 bp from the COX2 gene. Hybridization was confirmed for 16 out of the 18 marmosets since they inherited COX2 haplotypes of the alien C. penicillata or C. jacchus and the SRY deletion specific to C. aurita. Two individuals inherited both parental lineages of C. aurita, which is probably related to backcrossing or hybrid interbreeding. The direction of hybridization of females with the matrilineal lineage of invasive species with males descending from the native lineage was predominant in our sampling. This is the first time that hybridization between C. aurita and invasive species has been confirmed through genetic analysis.
Assuntos
Callithrix/genética , Hibridização Genética , Espécies Introduzidas , Animais , Brasil , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/genética , DNA Mitocondrial , Feminino , Marcadores Genéticos , Técnicas de Genotipagem/métodos , Padrões de Herança , Masculino , FilogeniaRESUMO
A tuberculose bovina é uma enfermidade infecciosa de ocorrência mundial. O teste intradérmico é o método padrão para seu diagnóstico da tuberculose, embora possa carecer de sensibilidade e especificidade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar diferentes métodos complementares para o diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina incluindo os exames macroscópicos de tecidos, histopatológico, bacteriológico e ELISA. Um total de 97 bovinos reagentes à prova de tuberculinização foi testado, e amostras de tecidos e soro foram colhidas no momento do abate. Do total de bovinos examinados, 70 (72,16 por cento) apresentaram lesão macroscópica sugestiva de tuberculose. Na avaliação histopatológica, 63 animais (64,95 por cento) apresentaram lesão granulomatosa característica. Assim, a histopatologia concordou com a avaliação macroscópica em 92,78 por cento das amostras. Em 47 (48,45 por cento) amostras foram visualizados Bacilos Álcool Ácido Resistentes (BAAR), todas positivas à histopatologia ou à avaliação macroscópica.(ACom relação à cultura bacteriológica, foram isolados Mycobacterium bovis em apenas 11 amostras (11,34 por cento). Quanto ao desempenho do teste de ELISA, 33 (34,02 por cento) soros foram reativos. O exame macroscópico detalhado associado ao exame histopatológico, devido à sua alta especificidade, são recomendados como ferramentas complementares e podem ser utilizados para confirmar os casos duvidosos no abatedouro.
Bovine tuberculosis is an infectious disease of world-wide occurrence. The intradermal tuberculin test is the standard test for its detection, but it can lack both sensitivity and specificity. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of different complementary methods for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis such as macroscopic, histopathological, bacteriological analysis and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A total of 97 skin-test reactive animals were studied, and tissues and serum samples were collected from all of them at the moment of the slaughter. Seventy animals (72.16 percent) showed macroscopic lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. At the histopathological exam, sixty three (64.95 percent) presented typical granulomatous lesions. Therefore, histopathology agreed with macroscopic inspection in 92.78 percent of the samples. Acid-fast bacilli were observed in tissues samples from 47 (48.45 percent) animals, all of them also positive either at macroscopic inspection or to histopathology. In reference to the bacterial culture, only 11 (11.34 percent) tissues samples yielded Mycobacterium bovis. Thirty three (34.02 percent) serum samples were reactive at ELISA. Detailed visual inspection as well as histopathology, due to its high specificity, are suggested as complementary tools and may be used for confirming doubtful cases of bovine tuberculosis at the slaughterhouse.
