Antimicrobial action and cytotoxicity of hypochlorous acid obtained from an innovative electrolytic device - An in vitro study.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect and cytotoxicity of hypochlorous acid(HClO) obtained from an innovative electrolytic device. DESIGN: The root canals of fifty extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 5 groups (n = 10): DW (control); 2% chlorhexidine gel(CHX); 2.5% sodium hypochlorite(NaOCl); 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO. The counting of colony forming units evaluated the decontamination potential of each group. Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of tested protocols in fibroblastic cells for 3 min, calculating the cell viability. Specific statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%). RESULTS: The highest bacterial reduction was observed in experimental groups, with no statistical differences from each other (p > 0.05). The highest number of viable cells was observed in control group, followed by 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO groups, with statistical differences from each other (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: It could be concluded that HClO presented high antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity at both tested concentrations.

Antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity and erosive potential of hypochlorous acid obtained from an electrolytic device compared with sodium hypochlorite.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare the antimicrobial action, cytotoxicity, cleaning ability, and erosion of dentine of hypochlorous acid (HClO) obtained from an electrolytic device at two different concentrations (Dentaqua) and three concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). METHODS: Microbiological test-The root canals of sixty single-rooted extracted human teeth were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis and divided into 6 groups (n = 10), according to decontamination protocol: DW (control); 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl; 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO. The colony-forming units were counted to evaluate the decontamination potential of each group, calculating the reduction in bacterial percentage. Cytotoxicity test-Cytotoxicity was evaluated after inoculation of the same tested protocols in fibroblastic cells for 3 min, calculating the cell viability percentages. Specifical statistical analysis was performed (α = 5%). Cleaning ability and erosion-Fifty-six single-rooted bovine lower incisors were divided into seven groups of 8 roots each, being the test groups 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5,25% NaOCl; 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO, and a negative and positive control. Negative control was not contaminated, and the other groups were inoculated with Enterococcus faecalis. SEM images were ranked as from the cleanest to the least clean. Erosion was also assessed, being ranked from the least to the most eroded dentine. RESULTS: The highest bacterial reduction was observed in experimental groups, with no statistical differences between them (p > 0.05). The highest number of viable cells was observed in control group, followed by 250 ppm HClO and 500 ppm HClO groups, with statistical differences between them (p < 0.05). 1% NaOCl; 2.5% NaOCl; 5.25% NaOCl and 500 ppm HClO displayed the cleanest areas. All sodium hypochlorite groups displayed erosion with higher ranks with greater concentration, while hypochlorous acid did not display any erosion regardless the concentration. CONCLUSIONS: It is possible to conclude that HClO obtained from an electrolytic device presented high antimicrobial activity and low cytotoxicity in both tested concentrations. 500 ppm HClO did not display erosion and showed great cleaning ability. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of 500 ppm hypochlorous acid may reduce unfavorable behavior of sodium hypochlorite whilst maintaining its antimicrobial action.

The incidence of unfilled second mesiobuccal canals and periapical lesions in maxillary molars by cone-beam computed tomography E-VOL DX software

This study evaluated the incidence of unfilled second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals and periapical lesions in first maxillary molars using CBCT e-Vol DX software. Hence, 326 CBCT images of first maxillary molars of patients undergoing endodontic treatment were selected. The e-Vol DX software performed a retrospective review of these images, recording the presence or absence of MB2 canals, filling, and periapical lesions in first maxillary molars. Specific statistical analysis was performed at a 5% significance level. Unfilled MB2 canals were highly frequent in first maxillary molars and significantly associated with periapical lesions in the mesiobuccal root of these teeth (p<0.05). The CBCT e-Vol DX software effectively detected MB2 canals, and unfilled canals may be associated with periapical lesions.

Generalized Periodontal Disease Treated with Conservative Periodontal Therapy ­ Case Report and Literature Review / Doença Periodontal Generalizada Tratada com Terapia Periodontal Conservadora ­ Relato de Caso e Revisão da Literatura

Periodontal disease is an infectious-inflammatory disease caused by the presence of bacteria in the dental biofilm, leading in many cases to tooth loss. The objective of this work is to report a clinical case of generalized periodontal disease. Female patient, sought the Dental Clinic of the University of Passo Fundo, complaining that her upper dental arch was increasingly "crooked" and felt a little "mobility". , being diagnosed with stage II periodontitis, due to the pandemic, the patient was only able to return to the Dental Clinic after 5 months, when new exams were carried out, with an increase in the probing depth reaching 7mm in some sites, having a new diagnosis periodontal disease, periodontitis stage III of the disease. The patient's treatment plan consisted of adapting the oral environment, through oral hygiene guidance, prophylaxis, supragingival and subgingival scaling. After 6 months of follow-up, it can be noted that the proposed treatment it was not satisfactory, because, after doing a new periogram, there was no regression of the disease. as for oral hygiene, the patient did not cooperate with the treatment and the installation of orthodontic appliances was not recommended. Periodontal maintenance along with the patient's cooperation is essential to achieve successful periodontal treatment, but in the following case report there was no success in periodontal therapy, and the patient's lack of cooperation could be one of the reasons. (AU)

A doença periodontal é uma doença infecto-inflamatória, causada pela presença de bactérias do biofilme dentário, levando em muitos casos a perda dentária. O objetivo do trabalho é relatar um caso clínico de doença periodontal generalizada. Paciente do sexo feminino, procurou a Clínica Odontológica da Universidade de Passo Fundo, reclamando que sua arcada dentária superior estava cada vez mais "torta" e sentia uma pequena "mobilidade". No exame clínico, a sondagem periodontal foi superior de 3mm chegando até 5mm, sendo diagnosticada com periodontite estágio II, por motivos da pandemia a paciente só conseguiu retornar a Clínica Odontológica depois de 5 meses, quando novos exames foram realizados, sendo verificado um aumento da profundidade de sondagem chegando até 7mm em alguns sítios, tendo um novo diagnostico periodontal, periodontite estágio III da doença. O plano de tratamento da paciente consistia em adequação do meio bucal, por meio de orientação de higiene oral, profilaxia, raspagem supragengival e subgengival. Após 6 meses de acompanhamento, pode-se destacar que o tratamento proposto não foi satisfatório, pois, após fazer um novo periograma, não houve regressão da doença. Com intuito de motivar a paciente com hábitos de higiene bucal, a paciente não colaborou com o tratamento e não sendo indicado a realização a instalação de aparelho ortodôntico. A manutenção periodontal junto com a cooperação do paciente é essencial para alcançar o êxito do tratamento periodontal, mas no seguinte relato de caso não houve sucesso da terapia periodontal, podendo ser um dos motivos a falta de colaboração da paciente. (AU)

Effectiveness of ultrasonic activation over glycolic acid on microhardness, cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of the root dentin.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasonic activation (US) over glycolic acid on microhardness, cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of root dentin, comparing with conventional final irrigation protocols. METHODS: Samples were obtained from 140 extracted bovine teeth and distributed into four test groups: microhardness (50 teeth), cohesive strength (15 teeth), flexural strength (15 teeth), and fracture resistance (60 teeth). In all four tests, specimens were subdivided into five groups, according to final irrigation protocols: G1: distilled water (DW); G2: 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); G3: 17% glycolic acid (GA); G4: 17% EDTA + US; and G5: 17% GA + US. The duration time of each protocol was set in 1 min. After irrigation protocols, the Vickers tester was used to evaluate microhardness and the universal testing machine was used to evaluate the cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of the root dentin. One-way ANOVA test and the Tukey HSD were used for multiple comparison tests in all evaluations (α = 5%). RESULTS: In general, groups 2 (EDTA), 4 (EDTA + US), and 5 (GA + US) promoted the highest reduction of microhardness, being statistically different from other groups (p < 0.05). Cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance data revealed that no differences between groups were observed (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The association of GA and US results in microhardness reduction, with no influence on cohesive strength, flexural strength, and fracture resistance of the root dentin. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The use of US over GA has no influence on some mechanical properties of root dentin.