A supposedly objective thing I'll never use again: Word association and the quest for validity and reliability in emotional adjustment research from Carl Jung to Carl Rogers (1898-1927).

As the first two decades of the 20th century unfolded, clinical psychologists, who had until then been mainly associated with intelligence testing, attempted to implement a specific psychological method-Carl Gustav Jung's (1875-1961) word-association "test"-in individual personality assessments. As one of the early clinical psychologists who attempted to use the method, Carl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987) is conspicuously absent from the historiography of clinical psychological testing. In fact, historians have recently suggested that we are lacking narratives about Rogers' early ideas and techniques in the context of both the development of clinical psychology and the emergence of psychological testing as clinicians' foremost scholarly activity. In light of the above, this paper pursues two main goals. First, it attempts to reconstruct Rogers' first original research project on emotional adjustment testing in young children in the broader context of the development of word-association tests as carried out by Jung and Whately Smith (1892-1947). Second, it aims to reconstruct Rogers' earliest theoretical ideas as well as his epistemological assumptions regarding test objectivity, validity and reliability. By drawing on unpublished documents and heretofore overlooked primary sources I show that although Rogers initially drew from Jung and Smith's complex and refined tradition, he ultimately rejected it as well as the tests themselves. At first drawn to Smith's quantitative, empiricist and experimental philosophy of psychology, Rogers was deterred when the data gathered through his own research in 1927 suggested that word association tests had no real, effective clinical value when used in children. By showcasing the complex process of test construction and validation undertaken by 1920s clinical psychologists, Rogers' case illustrates the research practices, the methodological problems and the epistemological dilemmas faced by most if not all of his contemporaries.

Returning to the sources: An interview with Saulo de Freitas Araujo about the book series Clássicos da Psicologia (Classics of Psychology).

In this interview with historian of psychology Saulo de Freitas Araujo, we discuss the aims, challenges, and functions of a new book series in which classic psychological works are translated into Portuguese. The interview highlights the importance of the accessibility of primary source documents to psychology education.

How did early North American clinical psychologists get their first personality test? Carl Gustav Jung, the Zurich School of Psychiatry, and the development of the "Word Association Test" (1898-1909).

Clinical psychology emerged in the United States during the first decades of the 20th century. Although they focused on intelligence tests, starting around 1905 certain clinical psychologists pursued personality assessment through a specific, nonintellectual kind of test: the word association test as devised by Swiss psychiatrist Carl Gustav Jung (1875-1961) at the Burghölzli psychiatric clinic in Zurich. The test was a key device in the professionalization of North American psychiatry and psychology during the early 20th century: from 1905 onward it was acknowledged, discussed, and applied by experimental and clinical psychologists. However, Jung's original experiments and the development of the test itself have received only superficial or casual attention by historians of science. This article attempts to provide a critical, streamlined, and detailed account on the origin, development, and substance of the Zurich word association experiments. By drawing on heretofore overlooked primary sources, I offer a new, critical perspective on the emergence and development of Jung's test while engaging with its main theoretical and methodological aspects. I show that the test was neither Jung's sole creation nor did it consist of a simple, straightforward set of tasks. Contrarily, it was the result of a highly collaborative, multilayered institutionalized research program on linguistic and mental associations. The program, its data and its assumptions fueled several debates and data-driven discussions at Zurich, precluding the test from achieving a stable, standardized character. As a result, the history of Jung's program reflects both the advances and the limitations of early 20th-century personality testing. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychoanalysizing science itself: Psychoanalysis, philosophy of science and scientific research in the institutionalization of Argentinian psychology (1962-1983).

To clarify the historical origins of theoretical and methodological problems faced by Argentinian psychology today, this article describes the philosophical and epistemological ideas held by psychoanalytically oriented professors and transmitted to undergraduate students during the institutionalization and professionalization of psychology at Argentinian universities between 1962 and 1983. Drawing from primary sources such as official publications and undergraduate syllabi, we analyze the systematic and normative perspective of those psychoanalysts on issues such as the nature of science, the scientific method, and the legitimate ways to do research. We argue that the philosophical approach they defended within psychology programs was markedly relativistic, solipsistic, and often recursive, leading them to conceive of psychoanalysis both as a meta-theory and a self-sufficient science. The fact that this "theory-laden" philosophy of science was gradually adopted by psychology graduates (or undergraduates) throughout their education could thus help explain several epistemological beliefs currently held by a majority of Argentinian psychologists.

"A backdrop for psychotherapy": Carl R. Rogers, psychological testing, and the psycho-educational clinic at Columbia University's Teachers College (1924-1935).

Carl Rogers' work in clinical psychology and psychotherapy has been as influential as it is vast and varied. However, as a topic of historical inquiry Rogers' approach to clinical psychology is beset by historiographical lacunae. Especially vague have been Rogers' own reflections about his student years (1925-1928) at Columbia University's Teachers College. Rogers claimed that he received the "backdrop" for the development of his approach to psychotherapy at the College. However, most historical literature has overlooked Rogers' early years by focusing on his later work. This article aims to shed light on Rogers' initial academic education by delving into his backdrop idea. I explore Rogers' early years at Columbia by using his retroactive appraisals as a conduit for reconstructing his first formal institutional context-Columbia's highly active but short-lived psycho-educational clinic. By drawing on several archival sources and unpublished materials, I will argue that the College's intellectual and institutional climate fostered Rogers' appreciation of experiential and cognitive learning while stimulating his intellectual independence as a clinical psychologist. The clinic put him in contact with real children, trained him in psychological tests, offered concrete professional role models, and pointed him toward his lifelong concern with human individuality. This contextual reading of Rogers' education allows for a deeper, more informed understanding of both his academic origins and his immediate intellectual context amid American clinical psychology during the interwar years. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

Psychology qua psychoanalysis in Argentina: Some historical origins of a philosophical problem (1942-1964).

Contemporary Argentinian psychology has a unique characteristic: it is identified with psychoanalysis. Nonpsychoanalytic theories and therapies are difficult to find. In addition, there is an overt antiscientific attitude within many psychology programs. How should this be explained? In this paper, we claim that a philosophical history of psychology can shed new light on the development of Argentinian psychology by showing that early Argentinian psychoanalysts held positions in the newborn psychology programs and a distinctive stance toward scientific research in general and psychology in particular. In the absence of an explicit and articulate philosophical position, psychoanalysts developed an implicit meta-theory that helped shape the context that led to the institutionalization and professionalization of psychology in Argentina. Although we do not establish or even suggest a monocausal link between their ideas and the current state of Argentinian psychology, we do claim that their impact should be explored. Finally, we discuss some limitations of our study and suggest future complementary investigations.

Science and Technology Studies and the Historiography of Psychology: Towards a Critical Analysis / Os Estudos de Ciência e Tecnologia e a Historiografia da Psicologia: Uma Análise Crítica / Lo Estudios sobre Ciencia, Tecnología y Sociedad y la Historiografía de la Psicología: Una Evaluación Crítica

Abstract This paper examines the relationships established between the fields of history of psychology, and science, technology and society studies (STS). We first present a brief historical overview to situate the present status of the field of psychology within the broad STS arena. We then describe the influence of STS studies in the field of history of psychology through a literature review that emphasizes Ibero-American productions in these areas. Our findings suggest that STS studies can contribute to the understanding the historical issues in psychology through seven areas of intersecting sociological and historical research, which involve the study of psychological objects, the history of psychological instrumentation, the historical analysis of psychology as a discipline and the study of psychology teaching and education, among others. The paper concludes that STS studies play an important role in advancing the production of historical knowledge, shedding light on the conceptual frameworks used in historical research, clarifying historical inquires, and assisting in the process to define psychological epistemic objects.

Resumo Este artigo examina a relação entre os campos da história da psicologia e os estudos sociais sobre ciência, tecnologia e sociedade (CTS). Primeiro, apresentamos uma breve visão histórica situando os objetivos da psicologia no amplo campo da CTC contemporânea. Em seguida, descrevemos a influência da CTS no âmbito da história da psicologia através de uma revisão da literatura que enfatiza as produções Ibero-Americanas. Nossos resultados sugerem que as pesquisas realizados no campo CTS podem contribuir para a compreensão das questões históricas que emergem na área da psicologia através de sete linhas de pesquisa relacionadas a interseção de estudos sociológicos e históricos, que envolvem o estudo de objetos psicológicos, a história da instrumentação psicológica, a análise histórica da psicologia como disciplina e o estudo do treinamento em psicologia, entre outros. O trabalho conclui que os estudos desempenham um papel importante na produção do conhecimento histórico, destacando os referenciais conceituais na pesquisa histórica para esclarecer questões historiográficas e auxiliar na definição epistemológica de objetos psicológicos.

Resumen Este trabajo examina la relación existente entre los campos de la historia de la psicología y los estudios sociales sobre ciencia, tecnología y sociedad (CTS). Primero presentamos una breve panorámica histórica con los fines de situar el campo de la psicología en la amplia arena de los CTS contemporáneos. Luego describimos la influencia del campo CTS en el campo de la historia de la psicología a través de una revisión de la literatura que enfatiza las producciones iberoamericanas. Nuestros hallazgos sugieren que los estudios CTS contribuyen con la comprensión de cuestiones históricas en psicología a través de siete áreas de investigación, que involucran el estudio de los objetos psicológicos, la historia de la instrumentación psicológica, el análisis histórico de la psicología como disciplina y el estudio de la formación en psicología, entre otras. El trabajo concluye que los estudios CTS juegan un rol importante en la producción del conocimiento histórico, arrojando luz a los marcos conceptuales utilizados en la investigación histórica, clarificando las preguntas historiográficas, y ayudando a definir objetos epistémicos psicológicos.

La Historiografía en la Institucionalización de la Psicología Académica. Estados Unidos, 1890-1989 / Historiography Amidst the Institutionalization of Academic Psychology. United States, 1890-1989 / Historiografia na Institucionalização da Psicologia Acadêmica. Estados Unidos, 1890-1989

Resumen Los cursos de historia de la Psicología datan de las primeras décadas del siglo pasado. Para comprender las características de los mismos debe reconocerse el particular ambiente intelectual y socio-profesional en que dichas asignaturas proliferaron. Si asumimos una perspectiva social o socio-profesional de la historia de la ciencia psicológica, Estados Unidos cobra rápidamente relieve como la cuna de la Psicología moderna. Considerando esto, este trabajo se centra en la faz pedagógica o propedéutica de la historiografía: es decir, su transmutación, inserción y secuenciación como contenido curricular en las instituciones y modalidades de formación oficial académica de los psicólogos. Con el objetivo de analizar los cambios de dichos cursos a lo largo del siglo XX y focalizando en Estados Unidos, se ofrece una periodización de la historia de tales asignaturas en sus vínculos y relaciones con el desarrollo e institucionalización de la Psicología académica y con la producción historiográfica de dicho país. El relevamiento y análisis de fuentes arrojaría un conjunto de tres períodos: uno inicial (1890-1929) marcado por la tensión historiográfica y curricular entre la legitimación filosófica de la Psicología y su refinamiento científico, uno posterior (1929-1960) caracterizado por la aparición de manuales y obras históricas enraizadas en el proyecto positivista y experimentalista de la Psicología y un incipiente apoyo oficial a la implementación de asignaturas históricas en currículos psicológicos, y un período final (1960-1989) de profesionalización de la propia historiografía, con apoyo oficial sistemático a la enseñanza de la historia y debates y tensiones a nivel de la sub-disciplina....(AU)

Abstract The appearance of undergraduate history of psychology courses goes back to the first decades of the twentieth century. To understand their characteristics, one must recognize the particular intellectual and socio-professional environment in which these courses proliferated. If we assume a social or socio-professional perspective on the history of psychological science, the United States then becomes the cradle of modern psychology. This work focuses on the pedagogical or propaedeutic side of historiography: that is, its transmutation, insertion and use of historiography as a curricular content within official institutions and modes of psychologists' formal academic education. With the aim of analyzing these courses' changes throughout the twentieth century in the United States, we offer a periodization of the history of such courses, linking them with the development and institutionalization of academic psychology and with North-American historiography of psychology. Sources' retrieval and analysis would yield a set of three periods: an initial period (1890-1929) marked by a historiographical and curricular tension between the philosophical legitimation of psychology and its scientific refinement, a second period (1929-1960) characterized by the appearance of historical textbooks, manuals and works rooted in the positivist and experimentalist project of psychology and by an incipient official support on the implementation of historical courses in psychology curricula, and a final period (1960-1989) marked by the professionalization of psychological historiography, by systematic, official support to undergraduate historical education, and by debates and tensions at a sub-disciplinary level....(AU)

Resumo Os cursos de história da Psicologia datam das primeiras décadas do século passado. Para compreender as suas características, deve-se reconhecer o ambiente intelectual e socioprofissional particular em que esses assuntos proliferaram. Se assumimos uma perspectiva social ou socioprofissional da história da ciência psicológica, os Estados Unidos rapidamente se tornam o berço da psicologia moderna. Considerando isso, este trabalho centra-se na face pedagógica ou propedêutica da historiografia: isto é, sua transmutação, inserção e sequenciamento como conteúdo curricular nas instituições e modalidades de formação acadêmica formal de psicólogos. Com o objetivo de analisar as mudanças desses cursos ao longo do século XX concentrados nos Estados Unidos, oferecemos uma periodização da história de tais assuntos em seus vínculos e relacionamentos com o desenvolvimento e institucionalização da Psicologia e produção acadêmica historiografia desse país. A pesquisa e análise de fontes renderia um conjunto de três períodos: um inicial (1890-1929), marcado pela tensão historiográfica e curricular entre a legitimidade filosófica da psicologia e seu refinamento científico, um posterior (1929-1960), caracterizado pela aparência de manuais e trabalhos históricos enraizados no projeto positivista e experimentalista de Psicologia e um apoio oficial incipiente à implementação de temas históricos em currículos psicológicos e um período final (1960-1989) de profissionalização da própria historiografia, com apoio oficial sistemático para o ensino da história, debates e tensões ao nível da subdisciplina....(AU)

Pluralism and heterogeneity as criticism: Undergraduate history and systems of psychology courses in Argentinian psychology education (1983-2017).

Multiple studies have analyzed the aims, resources, and approaches to undergraduate and graduate history of psychology education in several countries. Argentina is one of the countries with the highest historiographical production in Latin America. However, to date, there are no published studies on the collective debates among professionals, institutions, and associations that were instrumental in the development of the historiography of science becoming a mandatory part of the curriculum in Argentinian psychology programs. This study describes and analyzes the role of undergraduate history of psychology courses in official debates that took place during the last 30 years regarding Argentinian psychologists' training and education, in the context of regional and international historiography. Data was retrieved from several primary sources, such as minutes and official dossiers, working documents on accreditation standards, and nationwide curricular diagnoses on undergraduate psychology education, as well as individual scholars' ideas. Our findings suggest that, in line with regional and international historiography, history of psychology courses in Argentina have repeatedly been considered as core content in debates and discussions about psychology education, from the restoration of democracy in 1983 to the present day, in which they are currently considered to be mandatory minimum curricular content. Although throughout its history Argentinian psychology has largely been reduced to the teaching of Freudian and Lacanian psychoanalysis, historical education has been perceived as a gateway toward a more plural and critical local psychology. We conclude by discussing some potential and actual concerns that pose a threat to Argentinian undergraduate history courses. (PsycINFO Database Record

Sistemas psicológicos: un marco de análisis desde la sistematología, la theoretical psychology y la epistemología de la psicología / Systematology, theoretical psychology and the epistemology of psychology: a framework for analyzing the systems of psychology

El presente trabajo describe un contexto teórico y metodológico específico para una propuesta de futura publicación sobre la enseñanza de sistemas psicológicos a partir de parámetros de análisis meta-teórico y de modelos metacientíficos concretos. El objetivo de la presentación de dicho contexto y de dicha propuesta es el resituar los cursos de sistemas psicológicos y los ejercicios intelectuales y procedimentales de los mismos en el subsistema de la epistemología de la psicología. En primer lugar, se caracteriza el lugar de las escuelas y sistemas en la historiografía de la psicología. En segundo lugar, se describe la discusión sucedida en las últimas décadas a nivel internacional, regional y local acerca de la sistematología como contenido curricular en la formación del psicólogo. Se enfatiza la centralidad del conocimiento crítico de los sistemas psicológicos en la formación del psicólogo. En tercer lugar, se describe el campo de los estudios de la theoretical psychology anglosajona. Se caracteriza el estudio comparado de los sistemas psicológicos como parte central de tal campo, eminentemente filosófico y meta-teórico. En tal contexto programático, la sistematología, lejos de ser el ejercicio enunciativo de los conceptos de los diversos sistemas psicológicos, constituye una disciplina metateórica del nivel empírico de la metaciencia, siendo por tanto un ejercicio epistemológico. Se concluye tanto sobre la centralidad de los sistemas psicológicos en la formación académica de los psicólogos, como en la necesidad de pronunciamientos concretos en torno a las diversas variables que hacen a la concreción curricular de la sistematología como contenido en el curriculum. Tales conclusiones, y dichas variables referidas, serán retomadas en un trabajo de futura aparición que sintetiza una propuesta curricular y programática para la enseñanza de los sistemas psicológicos.

A specific theoretical and methodological context for a teaching proposal on psychological systems based on meta-theoretical analysis parameters and specific meta-scientific models is presented, with the aim of repositioning systems of psychology undergraduate courses, and their intellectual and procedural exercises, in the subsystem of the epistemology of the psychology. Firstly, the place of schools and systems in psychology's development is characterized. Secondly, international, regional and local debates that have taken place in the last decades regarding systematology as curricular content in psychologists' education are described. Thirdly, we describe the field of Anglo-Saxon theoretical psychology, where the comparative study of psychological systems is a central part of the field. In such a programmatic context, systematology, far from being an enunciative exercise of the concepts of the various psychological systems, constitutes a metatheoretical discipline at the metascience, thus consisting in an epistemological exercise. We conclude both on the centrality of psychological systems in psychologists' education, and on the need for concrete pronouncements on the diverse variables that make the curricular concretion of systematology. Such conclusions will be taken up and developed in an upcoming work that synthesizes a curricular and programmatic proposal for the teaching of psychological systems.

A História da psicologia e seu ensinamento há 40 anos desde Should the History of Science Be Rated X por Stephen Brush / History of psychology and it's Teaching at 40 years since Should the History of Science Be Rated X by Stephen Brush / La Historia de la Psicología y su Enseñanza a 40 años de Should the History of Science Be Rated X de Stephen Brush

Comemorando os quarenta anos do artigo Should the History of Science Be Rated X? de Stephen Brush, propõe-se uma reflexão a respeito da relação entre o ensino da história da psicologia, a historiografia e a formação dos psicólogos. Em primeiro lugar, sintetiza-se a argumentação de Brush em torno à história da ciência e seu ensino. Depois, descreve-se a apropriação desde a história da psicologia e seu ensino de certas problemáticas citadas pelo autor, detalhando a questão da raiz geracional do conhecimento histórico e a necessidade da ampliação do gênero e tarefa histórica. Finalmente, menciona-se a questão da tensão entre a vertente curricular e acadêmica da história. Conclui-se que a adoção de uma moderada atitude crítica e de um marco historiográfico sociológico por parte dos docentes conseguiria evitar um ensino da história parcial e enviesado.

Commemorating forty years since ‘Should the History of Science Be Rated X?' by Stephen Brush, a reflection on the relation between the teaching of the History of psychology, historiography and the training of psychologists is proposed. Brush's argument about the history of science and its teaching is first summarized. The appropriation in the History of psychology and its teaching of certain problems alluded to by Brush are then described, detailing the issues about the generational roots of historical knowledge and the need to expand the genre of history and the historian's tasks. Finally, the issue about the tension between the curricular and the academic aspects of history is detailed. It is concluded that the adoption of a moderate critical attitude and a sociological historiographical framework by teachers could avoid a biased and partialized teaching of the history of psychology.

Conmemorando los cuarenta años del artículo Should the History of Science Be Rated X? de Stephen Brush, se propone una reflexión acerca de la relación entre la enseñanza de la historia de la psicología, la historiografía y la formación de los psicólogos. Se sintetiza primero la argumentación de Brush en torno a la historia de la ciencia y su enseñanza. Se describe luego la apropación desde la historia de la psicología y su enseñanza de ciertas problemáticas aludidas por el autor, detallándose la cuestión de la raíz generacional del conocimiento histórico y la necesidad de ampliación del género y tarea históricos. Finalmente, se detalla la cuestión de la tensión entre la vertiente curricular y la vertiente académica de la historia. Se concluye que la adopción de una moderada actitud crítica y de un marco historiográfico sociológico por parte de los docentes lograría evitar una enseñanza de la historia parcializada y sesgada.

A História da Psicologia e seu ensinamento há 40 anos desde "'Should the History of Science Be Rated X?" por Stephen Brush / History of Psychology and it's Teaching at 40 years since 'Should the History of Science Be Rated X?' by Stephen Brush / La Historia de la Psicología y su Enseñanza a 40 años de ‘Should the History of Science Be Rated X? de Stephen Brush

Comemorando os quarenta anos do artigo Should the History of Science Be Rated X? de Stephen Brush, propõe-se uma reflexão a respeito da relação entre o ensino da história da psicologia, a historiografia e a formação dos psicólogos. Em primeiro lugar, sintetiza-se a argumentação de Brush em torno à história da ciência e seu ensino. Depois, descreve-se a apropriação desde a história da psicologia e seu ensino de certas problemáticas citadas pelo autor, detalhando a questão da raiz geracional do conhecimento histórico e a necessidade da ampliação do gênero e tarefa histórica. Finalmente, menciona-se a questão da tensão entre a vertente curricular e acadêmica da história. Conclui-se que a adoção de uma moderada atitude crítica e de um marco historiográfico sociológico por parte dos docentes conseguiria evitar um ensino da história parcial e enviesado. (AU)

Commemorating forty years since ‘Should the History of Science Be Rated X?' by Stephen Brush, a reflection on the relation between the teaching of the History of psychology, historiography and the training of psychologists is proposed. Brush's argument about the history of science and its teaching is first summarized. The appropriation in the History of psychology and its teaching of certain problems alluded to by Brush are then described, detailing the issues about the generational roots of historical knowledge and the need to expand the genre of history and the historian's tasks. Finally, the issue about the tension between the curricular and the academic aspects of history is detailed. It is concluded that the adoption of a moderate critical attitude and a sociological historiographical framework by teachers could avoid a biased and partialized teaching of the history of psychology. (AU)

Conmemorando los cuarenta años del artículo Should the History of Science Be Rated X? de Stephen Brush, se propone una reflexión acerca de la relación entre la enseñanza de la historia de la psicología, la historiografía y la formación de los psicólogos. Se sintetiza primero la argumentación de Brush en torno a la historia de la ciencia y su enseñanza. Se describe luego la apropación desde la historia de la psicología y su enseñanza de ciertas problemáticas aludidas por el autor, detallándose la cuestión de la raíz generacional del conocimiento histórico y la necesidad de ampliación del género y tarea históricos. Finalmente, se detalla la cuestión de la tensión entre la vertiente curricular y la vertiente académica de la historia. Se concluye que la adopción de una moderada actitud crítica y de un marco historiográfico sociológico por parte de los docentes lograría evitar una enseñanza de la historia parcializada y sesgada. (AU)

Las controversias históricas en psicología: ¿anomalías irracionales egotistas o instancias estructurales de debate racional? / Historical controversies in psychology: irrational egotistic anomalies or structural stages of rational debate?

El presente trabajo expone un relevamiento empírico de carácter histórico acerca de la inserción, definición y valorización de controversias científicas en psicología en función de ciertas tendencias historiográficas en psicología. Con el objetivo general de revisar la importancia de las instancias controversiales para el desarrollo científico de la psicología, y el objetivo específico de posibilitar acercamientos entre la historiografía de la psicología y los estudios sociales de la ciencia, se describe primero la definición y explicación de las controversias históricas realizadas por la historiografía clásica de la psicología, enfatizándose el carácter anómalo de tales controversias para dicha historiografía dados sus implícitos teórico-metodológicos. Se detalla luego la redefinición realizada en torno a controversias históricas por la ‘nueva historia’ de la psicología. Se remarca que tal redefinición se debió en parte a la incorporación por los historiadores de ciertos principios y recursos explicativos sociológicos de la historia social de la ciencia y de los estudios sociales de la ciencia. Se concluye sobre el carácter productivo de tal redefinición y de las prospectivas de profundizar en análisis socio-históricos de controversias psicológicas...

This paper presents an empirical (historical) survey about the insertion, definition and valuation of scientific controversies in psychology on the basis of certain historiographical trends in History of Psychology. With the overall objective of reviewing the importance of controversial instances for the scientific development of psychology, and the specific objective of enabling rapprochement between the historiography of psychology and social studies of science, the definition and explanation given about historical controversies by the classic historiography of psychology are first described, emphasizing the anomalous character of such controversies to said historiography given the implicit theoretical and methodological principles of such tradition. The redefinition of historical controversies by the ‘new history’ of psychology developed since 1970 is then detailed. It is noted that such redefinition took place partly due to the historians’ incorporation of certain sociological and socio-historical principles and explanatory resources from social history of science and social studies of science. The positive character of such a redefinition and of the foresight of deeper socio-historical analysis of controversies in psychology is then concluded...

Formación en psicología en Argentina: contribuciones de la sociología del conocimiento y de la historia crítica de la psicología / Training in psychology in Argentina: contributions from the sociology of knowledge and the critical history of psychology

Se analizan los ámbitos de la historia crítica de la psicología y la sociología del conocimiento, para definir sus aportes a la formación en psicología en Argentina en tanto parte integrante del Cono Sur de América. Se describe primero la historia revisionista en psicología y luego la tradición alemana de la sociología del conocimiento. Se describen luego aportes de psicólogos regionales que se han referido a dicha tradición de forma explícita, en calidad de antecedentes. Se trazan relaciones entre ambos ámbitos y la ciencia psicológica para arribar a aportes específicos a la formación argentina. Se concluye que a través de una formación sistemática en historia social de la psicología y en sociología del conocimiento, se adquiere una noción social de la actividad científica; se permite la discusión y sensibilización sobre cuestiones éticas y axiológicas; se fomenta el diálogo académico y, finalmente, se capacita la autoconsciencia profesional.(AU)

Areas of critical history of psychology and the sociology of knowledge are analyzed, to define their contributions to the training in psychology in Argentina as a part of the Southern Cone of America. The revisionist history in psychology and the German tradition of the sociology of knowledge are first described. Contributions from regional psychologists that have referred to this paradigm explicitly are then described. Relations between the two areas and psychological science are drawn to get to specific contributions to psychology training in Argentina. It is concluded that through a systematic training in social history of psychology and sociology of knowledge, a social notion of scientific activity is acquired; discussion and awareness of ethical and axiological questions are allowed; academic dialogue is encouraged, and, finally, professional self-consciousness is enabled.(AU)

"Principios: la relevancia de William James en la enseñanza de la historia de la psicología" / "Principles: Willian James relevance in the teaching of the history of psychology"

William James es autor de uno de los compendios más profundos de la historia de la Psicología. Allí se perfila como un científico mentalista, voluntarista, partidario de la introspección y de la experimentación. Sin embargo, suele retomárselo a partir de sus vinculaciones darwinistas y biologistas ignorando sus otras contribuciones. Se realiza un análisis reflexivo en torno a su libro Principios de Psicología, señalando los principales aportes y vinculando los mismos con desarrollos conductistas, cognitivistas, gestálticos, fenomenológicos y construccionistas que le siguieron, en su aspecto teórico como práctico. Útil y relevante en la enseñanza de la historia de nuestra disciplina y en la formación profesional del psicólogo, su presencia puede ser detectada en los programas introductorios de ciertas unidades académicas de Argentina. A partir de un análisis bibliográfico sintético de los programas de las asignaturas de dichas unidades académicas se comprueba dicha presencia, aunque acotada. Se intenta relevar así la importancia y vigencia de sus aportes.

William James is the author of one of the most profound compendiums in the history of Psychology. In it, he’s depicted as a mentalist, voluntarist, introspectionist and experimentalist scientist.. Nevertheless, James is usually picked up from his Darwinist and biologists affiliations, ignoring his other contributions. A thoughtful analysis is carried out around James’ book Principles of Psychology, pointing it’s main contributions and linking them to behaviourists, cognitivists, gestaltic, phenomenological and constructionists developments that came after, in its theoretical and practical sides. Useful and relevant in the teaching of the history of our discipline and in psychologists’ professional training, James presence can be detected in some of Argentina’s universities’ basic training programmes. From a synthetic bibliographical analysis of some of the programmes of those universities, James’ presence is verified, although enclosed. An attempt is made to survey James’ importance and validity.