RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Healthcare workers are susceptible to colonization by multiresistant bacteria, which can increase the risk of outbreaks. METHODS: Samples were collected from the nasopharynx, hands, and lab coats of healthcare workers. The phenotypic identification was carried out using a VITEK®2 rapid test system. PCR tests for the mecA gene and the sequencing of the amplicons were performed. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus phylogenies were reconstructed using the Bayesian inference. RESULTS: A total of 225 healthcare workers participated in this study. Of these, 21.3% were male and 78.7% female. S. epidermidis and S.aureus showed high levels of resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline and cefoxitin. The prevalence of methicillin resistant S. aureus was 3.16% and methicillin resistant S. epidermidis was 100%. Multilocus sequence typing identified 23 new S. epidermidis sequence types, and one new allele and sequence type for S. aureus. The frequency of methicillin-resistant S. epidermidis in nursing and hemotherapy technicians as a percentage of the total number of healthcare workers was 5.8-3.1%, while the frequency of methicillin resistant S. aureus in hemotherapy technicians and biomedics, as a percentage of the total number of healthcare workers was 4.2-8.9%%. CONCLUSIONS: The healthcare workers at the city's blood bank, even when taking the necessary care with their hands, body and clothes, harbour methicillin-resistant S. aureus and S. epidermidis sequence types, which, as a potential source of multidrug resistant bacteria, can contribute to nosocomial infections among hematological patients.
Assuntos
Portador Sadio/microbiologia , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/genética , Adulto , Antibacterianos , Bancos de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Portador Sadio/epidemiologia , Feminino , Mãos/microbiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Resistência a Meticilina , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/classificação , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina/isolamento & purificação , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epidemiologia Molecular , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Filogenia , Staphylococcus epidermidis/classificação , Staphylococcus epidermidis/efeitos dos fármacos , Staphylococcus epidermidis/genética , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cryptococcosis is a disease of wide geographic distribution. It is most critical when it affects immunocompromised patients, with AIDS, tuberculosis or other diseases that require prolonged hospitalization. METHODS: This study described a case report, molecular epidemiology, the phylogenetic relationship, along with antifungal susceptibility test of a new ST 623 of C. neoformans isolated in a patient with non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, from Manaus, Brazil. RESULTS: The new C. neoformans was susceptible to all antifungal drugs tested. Our results showed that ST623 new clone has no evident evolutionary proximity to any other ST of the VNI subtype group identified in Brazil. CONCLUSIONS: In the context of phylogenetic analysis, this new genotype belongs to VNI subtype, and subsequencing complete genome studies are necessary to better understand the phylogenetic relationships amongst STs in this group.
Assuntos
Criptococose/genética , Criptococose/microbiologia , Cryptococcus neoformans/classificação , Cryptococcus neoformans/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Brasil , Criptococose/diagnóstico , Criptococose/tratamento farmacológico , Cryptococcus neoformans/efeitos dos fármacos , Evolução Fatal , Humanos , Linfoma não Hodgkin/diagnóstico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/microbiologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Epidemiologia Molecular , Tipagem de Sequências Multilocus , Técnicas de Tipagem Micológica , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da PolimeraseRESUMO
Chryseobacterium indologenes is an emerging nosocomial pathogen that produces IND-type chromosomal metallo-beta-lactamase. The phenotype and molecular aspects of two multidrug resistant C. indologenes strains and the analysis of the tertiary structure of the IND enzyme were studied. Identification of species and susceptibility tests were performed using the Vitek-2 compact. Chromosomal and plasmid DNA were extracted using PureLink™ Genomic DNA Mini Kit and PureLink Quick Plasmid Miniprep Kit, and the sequencing was performed using ABI 3130 genetic analyzer. Two strains were isolated and are registered as P-23 and P-113. Of the two, P-113 was sensitive to ciprofloxacin and cefepime only, whereas the P-23 showed reduced sensitivity to ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, and tigecycline. The genetic analysis of both isolates identified the presence of the blaIND-like gene, with similarity to IND-3 and IND-8 alleles. The IND-3 identified in the P-133 sample presented a single mutation at position T355G, which corresponds to a nonsynonymous substitution of the amino acid at position 119 (SerâAla). The phylogenetic analysis of INDs showed lineages that are circulating in Asian and European countries. These results emphasize the need for effective preventive actions to avoid the dissemination of this type of pathogen in the hospital environment.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Chryseobacterium/genética , Infecção Hospitalar/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana Múltipla/genética , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/microbiologia , beta-Lactamases/genética , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Substituição de Aminoácidos , Brasil , Cefepima/farmacologia , Ceftazidima/farmacologia , Cromossomos Bacterianos/química , Cromossomos Bacterianos/metabolismo , Chryseobacterium/classificação , Chryseobacterium/efeitos dos fármacos , Chryseobacterium/isolamento & purificação , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologia , Infecção Hospitalar/tratamento farmacológico , Infecção Hospitalar/patologia , Feminino , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Flavobacteriaceae/patologia , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Moleculares , Filogenia , Plasmídeos/química , Plasmídeos/metabolismo , Mutação Puntual , Estrutura Secundária de Proteína , Tigeciclina/farmacologiaRESUMO
This study describes the prevalence of infection by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis in a female population in Amazonas, Brazil. We collected cervical samples from 361 women examined at 10 primary care health services in the city of Coari, Amazonas, Brazil. The women were interviewed about socio-economic data, clinical history and sexual behaviour. Pelvic examinations were performed and cervical specimens were collected for detection of pathogens by PCR. The prevalence of infection was: 12.7% for Trichomonas vaginalis, 6.4% for Chlamydia trachomatis and 1.4% for Neisseria gonorrhoeae. There were no statistically significant associations between infections by any of the pathogens nor by any pathogen alone with any clinical variable, socio-demographic data or sexual behaviour. This study draws attention to the need for surveillance and possible need for screening for Chlamydia trachomatis, which often progresses asymptomatically. For the significant prevalence found, attention should also be given to asymptomatic infection by Trichomonas vaginalis, since this pathogen has recently been implicated as a risk factor for HIV infection.