Morphoanatomical study of the species Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman (Rutaceae).

The order Sapindales is comprised of nine families and in Brazil it is represented by six, including Rutaceae Juss., which constitutes the largest group of this order. A variety of species of Zanthoxylum L. are distributed throughout the country, and among them is the species Zanthoxylum kleinii (R.S. Cowan) P.G. Waterman, which is found in the states of Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the morphoanatomy of the leaf, petiole, rachis, and stem of the species Z. kleinii. Histochemical tests were performed, and the sections were visualized under optical and scanning electron microscopy. The analysis showed that the morphoanatomical characteristics of the species are: hypoestomatic leaflets; stomata classified as anomocytic, tetracytic, and anisocytic; dorsiventral mesophyll; cavities that produce a secretion of lipid nature, present in the leaflet, rachis, and petiole; colleters distributed in the leaf; presence of simple non-glandular trichomes in all structures; and prismatic crystals in the petiole. Histochemical tests indicated the presence of phenolic and lipophilic compounds, mucilage, and lignin. With the result of this research, it was possible to identify the nature of the compounds secreted by the secretory structures of the leaves; in addition, the morphoanatomical characterization of Z. kleinii can provide relevant data for future studies for other organs of the species not yet described. Furthermore, contributing concomitantly with data for the genus, in this way, supporting to differentiate them. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Ultrastructural features observed by microscopic techniques. Calcium oxalate crystals present in the rachis. Microchemical tests confirmed the presence of colleters in the leaflet.

Atividade larvicida contra aedes aegypti e toxicidade preliminar contra artemia salina l. de extratos e frações de monteverdia evonymoides (reissek) biral / Larvicidal activity against aedes aegypti and preliminary toxicity against artemia salina l. of extracts and fractions of monteverdia evonymoides (reissek) biral. / Actividad larvicida contra aedes aegypti y toxicidad preli- minar contra artemia salina l. de extractos y fracciones de monteverdia evonymoides (reissek) biral.

Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) é o principal vetor das arboviroses dengue, zika, chikungunya e febre amarela. A busca por inseticidas naturais para combater o mosquito ganha destaque nos países de clima tropical. Considerando a atividade larvicida presente no gênero Monteverdia o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o potencial larvicida dos extratos e frações da espécie Monteverdia evonymoides (Reissek) Biral. O material vegetal (folhas e galhos) foi seco a temperatura ambiente, foi moído e submetido a extração em Soxhlet modificado. A toxicidade foi avaliada por meio do bioensaio com Artemia salina L. As larvas de Aedes aegypti foram expostas nas concentrações 10, 100, 500 e 1000 µg.mL⁻¹. Após 24H foi realizada a leitura da mortalidade (CL50) e submetido método estatístico Probit. As amostras não apresentaram toxicidade frente a Artemia salina L. (>1000 µg.mL⁻¹) e apresentaram potencial larvida no controle de larvas de terceiro estádio, com CL50 >200 µg.mL⁻¹. Os extratos de M. Evonymoides são seguros e apresentaram potencial larvicida contra larvas do mosquito.

Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of arboviruses den- gue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever. The search for natural insecticides to combat the mosquito is highlighted in countries with a tropical climate. Considering the larvicidal activity present in the genus Monteverdia, the objective of the study was to evaluate the larvicidal potential of extracts and fractions of the species Monteverdia evonymoides (Reissek) Biral. The plant material (leaves and branches) was dried at room temperature, ground and subjected to extraction in modified Soxhlet. Toxicity was evaluated by bio- assay with Artemia salina L. Aedes aegypti larvae were exposed to concentrations of 10, 100, 500 and 1000 µg.mL⁻¹. After 24 hours, the mortality reading (CL50) was performed and the Probit statistical method was submitted. The samples did not show toxicity against Artemia salina L. (>1000 µg.mL⁻¹) and showed potential larval life in the control of third- stage larvae, with CL50 >200 µg.mL⁻¹. M. Evonymoides extracts are safe and showed lar- vicidal potential against mosquito larvae.

Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) es el principal vector de los arbovirus dengue, zika, chikungunya y fiebre amarilla. Se destaca la búsqueda de insecticidas natu- rales para combatir el mosquito en países con clima tropical. Considerando la actividad larvicida presente en el género Monteverdia, el objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el poten- cial larvicida de extractos y fracciones de la especie Monteverdia evonymoides (Reissek) Biral. El material vegetal (hojas y ramas) fue secado a temperatura ambiente, molido y sometido a extracción en Soxhlet modificado. La toxicidad se evaluó mediante el bioen- sayo con Artemia salina L. Se expusieron larvas de Aedes aegypti a concentraciones de 10, 100, 500 y 1000 µg.mL⁻¹. A las 24 horas se realizó la lectura de mortalidad (CL50) y se sometió al método estadístico Probit. Las muestras no presentaron toxicidad contra Artemia salina L. (>1000 µg.mL⁻¹) y mostraron potencial de vida larvaria en el control de larvas de tercer estadio, con CL50 >200 µg.mL⁻¹. Los extractos de M. Evonymoides son seguros y mostraron potencial larvicida contra las larvas de mosquitos.