A programme for early diagnosis of atrial fibrillation: a multi-centre study in primary care.

BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a morbid disease whose complications can be prevented if prompt and correctly treated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the usefulness of an early AF diagnosis programme in at-risk individuals in primary care centres. METHODS: In an open-label, multi-centre, controlled interventional study, individuals with one or more risk factors for AF but without known AF were enrolled. They were allocated to intervention and control groups in a 1:2 ratio. Participants in the intervention group had three clinical and educational visits (0, 6 and 12 months). In intervention subgroup A, an electrocardiogram (ECG) was performed at each visit and in subgroup B, only if arrhythmia was detected on auscultation. After 2 years, the medical records of all participants were reviewed. Participants diagnosed with AF were followed for two additional years. RESULTS: Of the total 2231 participants enrolled, 1503 (67.36%) were allocated to the control group and 728 (32.63%) to the intervention groups (355 in subgroup A, 373 subgroup B). The groups showed similar clinical characteristics. New-onset AF was diagnosed in 38 patients. Early detection in subgroup B was similar to subgroup A and superior to control group (3.2% versus 1.2%, hazard ratio 3.149, 95% confidence interval 1.503-6.597, P = 0.002). AF patients in subgroups A and B had similar long-term complications and a tendency for fewer complications than AF patients in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: An intervention programme consisting of health education, systematic auscultation and opportunistic ECG by a primary care provider is a useful method for the early diagnosis of AF.

[Adverse effects of antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with atrial fibrillation in primary care]. / Estudio sobre los efectos adversos de los fármacos antiarrítmicos en pacientes con fibrilación auricular atendidos en un Centro de Atención Primaria.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To determine the adverse effects (AE) of antiarrhythmic drugs used to treat atrial fibrillation (AF) in routine clinical practice. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A retrospective, observational, population-based study of all patients diagnosed of AF requiring long-term treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. We performed also a descriptive analysis of the type of EA, and their management (diagnostic techniques, laboratory tests, drug treatment, number of visits to health services, emergency visits, hospitalizations and surgeries). RESULTS: We included 400 patients. Overall, 688 treatments were started, 34 of which (4.9%) were implied in 32 EA in 30 patients. The most frequent EA were hypothyroidism (28.1%), hyperthyroidism (25%) and bradycardia (9.38%). In absolute numbers, class III drugs (Vaughan-Williams classification) were associated with a higher number of AE (p=0.001). The number of AE/100 patients-year was: class I 0.42 (0.01-1.15%), class II 2.55 (0.68-5.13%), class III 4.70 (2.98-6.64%), class IV 1.18 (0.14-2.80%), digoxin 0.41 (0.08-1.19). Individually, the drugs with a higher rate were sotalol, bisoprolol and amiodarone (5.70, 5.37 and 4.59 respectively). 93.75% of EA required visits to health services, 59.38% laboratory tests and 56.25% diagnostic techniques. The most frequent visits were scheduled for primary care (75%), followed by scheduled visits to outpatient cardiology (21.9%). 71.9% of EA were resolved without any sequel and one patient died. CONCLUSIONS: Antiarrhythmic drugs for the management of AF are associated with the presence of AE, mainly class III drugs. In most cases they are not serious, but imply important health resources.