RESUMO
One hundred and twenty Cobb 500 hens, 20 wk of age, were randomly allocated into individual cages with the objective of estimating their Zn requirements. The study was composed of 3 phases: adaptation to cages (basal diet), depletion (deficient diet containing 18.7 ± 0.47 ppm Zn) for 7 wk, and experimental phases. Hens were fed diets with graded increments of Zn sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4·7H2O), totaling 18.7 ± 0.47, 50.3 ± 10.6, 77.3.0 ± 11.0, 110.2 ± 12.8, 140 ± 12.2, and 170.6 ± 13.2 ppm analyzed Zn in feeds for 12 wk (experimental phase). Requirements of Zn were done using quadratic polynomial (QP), broken line quadratic (BLQ), and exponential asymptotic (EA) models. In general, the non-linear statistical models were the ones that best fit the results in this study. Requirements obtained for hen day egg production and settable egg production were 83.3, 78.6 ppm and 61.4, 65.4 ppm for period of 33 to 36 wk, and 63.3, 53.1 and 60.4, 46.1 ppm for period of 37 to 40 wk, and 62.8, 52.8, and 67.7, 62.1 ppm for period of 41 to 44 wk, respectively, using BLQ and EA models. Total eggs and total settable eggs produced per hen had Zn requirements estimated as 75.7, 64.7 ppm, and 56.5, 41.5 ppm, respectively, for BLQ and EA models, whereas for alkaline phosphatase and eggshell percentage were 161.8, 124.9 ppm and 126.1, 122.4 ppm, using QP and BLQ models. Maximum responses for Zn in yolk for periods of 37 to 40 and 41 to 44 wk were 71.0, 78.1 and 64.5, 59.6 ppm, respectively, using BLQ and EA models. Breaking strength had Zn requirements estimated at 68.0 and 96.7 ppm, whereas eggshell palisade layer and eggshell thickness were maximized with 67.9, 67.9 ppm, and 67.7, 64.4 ppm, respectively, for BLQ and EA models. The average of all Zn requirement estimates obtained by EA and BLQ models in the present study was 72.28 ppm or 11.1 mg/hen/d.
Assuntos
Ração Animal/análise , Galinhas/fisiologia , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Zinco/metabolismo , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Animais , Dieta/veterinária , Casca de Ovo/efeitos dos fármacos , Gema de Ovo/química , Feminino , OviposiçãoRESUMO
Two experiments were conducted to assess a hormonal strategy developed to reduce animal handling for timed artificial insemination (TAI) with sex-sorted semen. Four-hundred ninety-one (491) suckled beef cows received a progesterone (P4) intravaginal device and 2â¯mg intramuscular (im) injection of estradiol benzoate (EB) on a randomly chosen day of the estrus cycle (Day 0) in Experiment 1. Cows were treated with 500⯵g of sodic cloprostenol (PGF2α) and with 300 IU of eCG at P4 device removal (Day 8); these cows were also randomly assigned to receive 1â¯mg of estradiol cypionate (EC) administered at P4 device removal (treatment EC-0h) or 1â¯mg of EB 24â¯h after P4 device removal (treatment EB-24h). Both treatments were timed inseminated (TAI) with sex-sorted semen 60â¯h after P4 device removal. Cows treated with EC-0h presented higher pregnancy rate per AI (P/AI) [45.0% (113/251)] than the ones treated with EB-24h [35.4% (85/240); Pâ¯=â¯0.03)]. A subset of cows (nâ¯=â¯26) were subjected to ultrasound examination every 12â¯h after P4 device removal for 96â¯h in the row in order to determine the time of ovulation. Similar interval between device removal and ovulation was recorded for EB-24hâ¯=â¯70.0⯱â¯2.9â¯h vs. EC-0hâ¯=â¯66.0⯱â¯2.8â¯hâ¯(Pâ¯=â¯0.52). Five-hundred ninety-one (591) cows were subjected to the same synchronization protocols and treatments (EC-0h or EB-24h). In addition, they were randomly assigned to a 2â¯×â¯2 factorial arrangement aiming at determining the effects of treatment with estradiol (EC-0h vs. EB-24h) and of semen type (Sex-sorted vs. Non-sex-sorted semen). All animals were timed inseminated 60â¯h after P4 device removal. There was no interaction (Pâ¯=â¯0.07) between the ovulation inducer and semen type. The EC protocol led to greater P/AI than EB (Pâ¯=â¯0.03). Greater (Pâ¯=â¯0.01) P/AI was achieved through treatments with non-sex-sorted semen rather than with sex-sorted semen [sex-sorted (EB-24hâ¯=â¯49.0%; EC-0hâ¯=â¯51.0%) vs. non-sex-sorted semen (EB-24hâ¯=â¯52.4%; EC-0hâ¯=â¯68.2%)]. Therefore, EC administered at P4 device removal resulted in greater P/AI. Furthermore, the EC-0h protocol allowed reducing suckled beef cow handing for timed artificial insemination with sex-sorted semen.
Assuntos
Criação de Animais Domésticos , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Lactação/fisiologia , Pré-Seleção do Sexo , Animais , Bovinos , Estradiol/administração & dosagem , Estradiol/análogos & derivados , Estradiol/farmacologia , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Gravidez , Progesterona/administração & dosagem , Progesterona/farmacologia , SêmenRESUMO
Few studies have examined the cellular immune response of ticks, and further research on the characterization of the hemocytes of ticks is required, particularly on those of Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Latreille) because of the medical and veterinary importance of this tick. The aims of this study were to characterize the morphology and the ultrastructure of the different types of hemocytes of adult R. sanguineus and to determine the population abundance and the ultrastructural changes in the hemocytes of ticks infected with Leishmania infantum. The hemocytes were characterized through light and transmission electron microscopy. Within the variability of circulating cells in the hemolymph of adult R. sanguineus, five cell types were identified, which were the prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes, spherulocytes, and adipohemocytes. The prohemocytes were the smallest cells found in the hemolymph. The plasmatocytes had polymorphic morphology with vesicles and cytoplasmic projections. The granulocytes had an elliptical shape with the cytoplasm filled with granules of different sizes and electrodensities. The spherulocytes were characterized by several spherules of uniform shapes and sizes that filled the entire cytoplasm, whereas the adipohemocytes had an irregular shape with multiple lipid inclusions that occupied almost the entire cytoplasmic space. The total counts of the hemocyte population increased in the group that was infected with L. infantum. Among the different cell types, the numbers increased and the ultrastructural changes occurred in the granulocytes and the plasmatocytes in the infected group of ticks.
Assuntos
Hemócitos/ultraestrutura , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Leishmania infantum/fisiologia , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/ultraestrutura , Animais , Feminino , Rhipicephalus sanguineus/parasitologiaRESUMO
Two experiments were designed to evaluate the impact of puberty status and the administration of melengestrol acetate (MGA) before onset of the breeding period on ovulatory responses (Exp. 1) and conception rate after AI performed on estrus detection during 10 d and the pregnancy rate through 80 d of breeding period (Exp. 2) of pasture-grazed beef heifers. In Exp. 1, heifers (15 pubertal and 15 prepubertal) received 0.5 mg per heifer/d -1 of MGA over 14 d. No differences in the ovulatory responses were found 10 d after the MGA administration (pubertal = 46.7% vs. prepubertal P = 53.3%; P = 0.72). In Exp. 2, 368 heifers were randomly assigned to groups according to pubertal status and the MGA treatment. All heifers were inseminated on estrus detection for up 10 d after MGA administration and following exposure to bulls between 20 and 80 d. The MGA-treated heifers exhibited a greater AI service rate than control heifers (72.1 vs. 41.6%;P < 0.01); however, heifers receiving MGA had lower conception results following AI (51.6 vs. 71.4%; P = 0.01). In addition, MGA-treated heifers were more likely to have a corpus luteum in the middle of the breeding period (95.3 vs. 87.5%;P < 0.01), although the Cox proportional hazard of pregnancy rate was similar (P = 0.29) at the end of the breeding period. At onset of the breeding period, pubertal heifers presented a greater pregnancy rate following AI (pubertal P = 42.2% vs. prepubertal P = 24.9%; P = 0.01). Therefore, pubertal heifers seem to have greater overall reproductive efficiency than prepubertal heifers, particularly at the beginning of the breeding period. Interestingly, administration of MGA before the onset of the breeding period increased AI service rate but did not alter the rate of pregnancy throughout the breeding period of pasture-grazed beef heifers.
Assuntos
Cruzamento/métodos , Suplementos Nutricionais , Acetato de Melengestrol/farmacologia , Puberdade/fisiologia , Reprodução/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Bovinos , Detecção do Estro/métodos , Sincronização do Estro/métodos , Feminino , Fertilização/efeitos dos fármacos , Inseminação Artificial/veterinária , Masculino , Acetato de Melengestrol/administração & dosagem , Ovulação/efeitos dos fármacos , Gravidez , Taxa de GravidezRESUMO
Leishmania infantum zymodeme MON-1 was isolated from a skin lesion in a child in Lisboa area (Portugal) who had never travelled abroad. Succefull therapy was achieved by excisional biopsy of the lesion. This is the first evidence that this agent is responsible by cutaneous leishmaniasis in the country.
Assuntos
Leishmania infantum , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Animais , Pré-Escolar , HumanosRESUMO
The first human isolate of Borrelia lusitaniae recovered from a Portuguese patient with suspected Lyme borreliosis is described. This isolate, from a chronic skin lesion, is also the first human isolate of Borrelia in Portugal. Different phenotypic and molecular methods are used to characterize it.
Assuntos
Infecções por Borrelia/diagnóstico , Borrelia/isolamento & purificação , Sequência de Bases , Borrelia/classificação , DNA Bacteriano/química , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Íntrons/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , PortugalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To describe a technical modification that facilitates dorsal skin closure, improves cosmesis and eliminates chordee recurrence secondary to contracture of the dorsal penile skin in the repair of epispadias. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eleven patients with penopubic epispadias (mean age 1.8 years) had the epispadias repaired using a modified ventral penile skin flap. Four patients had isolated epispadias and seven had had a previous primary closure of bladder exstrophy. Nine patients underwent the Cantwell-Ransley technique, leaving the meatus in a glanular position. Two patients were repaired using the penile disassembly technique of Mitchell and Bägli, because they had a short urethral plate. A ventral island skin flap was fashioned, starting at the base of the penis. Dissection was carried ventrally into the scrotum to allow for adequate dorsal flap transposition. The flap was rotated laterally to shift the suture line from the midline and to cover the dorsal aspect of the penis with untouched penile shaft skin. Redundant ventral foreskin was discarded. RESULTS: All patients had an uneventful course after surgery. Dorsal penile skin was viable in every case and no patient developed recurrence of chordee or a urethrocutaneous fistula. The cosmetic result was excellent in all patients. CONCLUSIONS: Dorsal skin closure using lateral rotation of ventral penile skin flap improves cosmesis after epispadias repair and eliminates the recurrence of chordee secondary to midline dorsal scarring.
Assuntos
Epispadia/cirurgia , Retalhos Cirúrgicos , Cicatriz/prevenção & controle , Epispadia/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Recidiva , Resultado do Tratamento , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
This is an interactive study which aimed at identifying the reactions and feelings of nurses/clients in relation to positive serum for HIV/AIDS. From the nurses's narratives emerged the following meanings: to have difficulty in interacting due to the fear of infection and death; to treat the client as a non-person; to act as an "informed" professional. From the individuals with positive serum, the following meanings were extracted from their discourses: to be non-equal; to accept victimization/self-exclusion; to impress by the use of manipulation and to be a normal deviant. This data served as groundwork for a reflection about their significances in light of the work Stigma: notes about the manipulation of the deteriorated identity, by Erwing Goffman and of the Resolution COFEn--160/93. The understanding of this phenomenon signals to defensive and excluding practices on both parts, based on the fear of death. The results indicate the need to carry out training and awareness workshops for health professionals in order to qualify them for a more holistic and humanitarian care that favors the (re)socialization of the positive serum individual.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/psicologia , Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , Soropositividade para HIV/psicologia , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros/psicologia , HumanosAssuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Bleomicina/uso terapêutico , Condiloma Acuminado/tratamento farmacológico , HIV-1 , Doenças da Boca/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Boca/virologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Adulto , Condiloma Acuminado/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Injeções IntralesionaisRESUMO
Cutaneous cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection has been observed in a variety of nonspecific skin lesions. Because of this fact, its diagnosis is rare and frequently accidental. The presence of the virus has also been observed in apparently normal skin, from both a clinical and histological point of view. In this context, skin biopsy and immunohistochemistry are often the first means of diagnosis of systemic CMV infection. In 180 skin biopsies carried out on HIV patients in the Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Unit, typical histopathological findings of CMV infection in a nonspecific skin lesion were observed in only one patient. Although the patient showed no extracutaneous manifestations at this time, she died soon after this diagnosis. Because of this fact, we review the literature and discuss the difficulties and implications of the diagnosis of cutaneous CMV infection in AIDS patients.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , HIV-1 , Dermatopatias Virais/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Adulto , Biópsia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/patologia , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Pele/patologia , Dermatopatias Virais/patologiaRESUMO
The authors describe a case of disseminated Herpes-Zoster (VZV) in an HIV 1 positive patient with AIDS. Hyperkeratotic characteristics, acyclovir resistance and sensitivity to foscarnet of cutaneous lesions are the most important features of this example. From the casuistics of the department, the authors describe two similar cases and review the medical literature with emphasis on etiopathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutic factors of lesions caused by DNA Virus in immunocompromised hosts.
Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , HIV-1 , Herpes Zoster/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/patologia , Aciclovir/antagonistas & inibidores , Adulto , Fármacos Anti-HIV/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Anti-HIV/antagonistas & inibidores , Biópsia , Foscarnet/administração & dosagem , Herpes Zoster/tratamento farmacológico , Herpes Zoster/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Recidiva , Pele/patologiaAssuntos
Infestações por Piolhos/tratamento farmacológico , Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Trimetoprima/uso terapêutico , Administração Oral , Adulto , Criança , Combinação de Medicamentos/administração & dosagem , Combinação de Medicamentos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Couro Cabeludo , Sulfametoxazol/administração & dosagem , Trimetoprima/administração & dosagem , Combinação Trimetoprima e SulfametoxazolRESUMO
Por meio do cotrimoxazol, foram tratados 30 individuos, representados por criancas e adultos, com pediculose da cabeca. A conduta usada correspondeu a administracao de um comprimido com 400 mg de sulfametoxazol e 80 mg de trimetoprim cada 12 horas, durante tres dias, com repeticao de igual serie medicamentosa depois de intervalo com dez dias de duracao. Ocorreram 28 (93,3%) curas, demonstrando a eficacia do novo metodo curativo referente a infestacao pelo Pediculus humanus humanus. Essas verificacoes, alem de consubstanciarem opcao sob o ponto de vista terapeutico, criam a necessidade de esclarecer o mecanismo de acao do medicamento em apreco em face a processo motivado por inseto e, tambem, estabelecem a conveniencia de procurar saber se identica atividade sucede no que concerne a outras ectoparasitoses
Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos Urinários , Infestações por PiolhosAssuntos
Fezes/parasitologia , Contagem de Ovos de Parasitas/métodos , Centrifugação , Éter , Formaldeído , Humanos , Sulfatos , Zinco , Sulfato de ZincoRESUMO
A case of tuberculous granuloma producing a radicular syndrome in a 58 year-old white male is reported. Excision of the granuloma and the administration of antituberculous therapy was followed by complete recovery.