3D-printed contact-free devices designed and dispatched against the COVID-19 pandemic: The 3D COVID initiative.

Direct contact with devices such as elevator buttons, beepers, telephones, computer mice and keyboards can contribute to spread viral diseases. Here, we report our experience in designing, producing and dispatching three 3D-printed objected intending to lower the risks of COVID-19 contamination by limiting direct contacts: (1) fixed hand-free door openers, (2) door hooks and (3) button pushers. These devices were produced in industrial quantities and made available for free for Greater Paris University Hospitals and various state institutions as part of the 3D COVID project. In this short technical note, we describe the sequential organisation of the design and production and highlight the advantages of additive manufacturing in dealing with specific aspects of sanitary crises.

Management of burn wounds of the head and neck region.

Management of burn wounds of the head and neck region. Management of the severely burned patient is ery often a challenge, not only due to major disturbances in anatomy and physiological processes, but also because the relatively low incidence of this pathology in both civilian and military practice results in care providers'lack of experience. The purpose of this educational document is to provide doctors confronted with these formidable trauma patients with basic management guidelines as well as some practical tips. In summary, and most importantly, these patients should be reated as any other multitrauma patient. First aid is essential and can be provided by non-medical staff. Initial medical nanagement should focus on the usual, familiar trauma algorithms of ABCDEF from the emergency management of evere burns (EMSB) manual' or the ABCDEs of the manual of advanced trauma life support (ATLS)2 or advanced burn life support (ABLS). Medical care should proceed through the following steps - Step one: establish a reliable intravenous nfusion; step two: protect the airway; step three: establish and maintain a haemodynamic state compatible with sufficient organ perfusion in order to reduce aggravation of the burn wounds and increase overall survival likelihood; step four: provide analgesia with adequate sedation and provide anaesthesia for escharotomy, fasciotomy or other surgical injuries; step five: maintain normothermia; step six: feed the patient by starting enteral nutrition as early as possible; step seven: prevent infection using antiseptic wound management, systemic antibiotics and tetanus prophylaxis. All of these intricate steps require continuous reassessment and adjustment, but the existence of other wounds (blast injuries, penetrating and blunt trauma) even further complicates the management of burn casualties.

Long-term complications after facial, pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal traumas.

Long-term complications after facial, pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal traumas. OBJECTIVE: To review and summarize the existing evidence for long-term anatomical and functional complications after pharyngeal, laryngeal and tracheal traumas. DATA SOURCES: The MEDLINE database and the bibliographies of relevant studies were selected, analysed and appraised prior to December 2015. METHODS: With regard to the search strategy, the selected items were: ((long-term complications) AND pharyngeal) AND laryngeal) AND tracheal) AND traumas. Abstracts and titles were screened for relevance, while full articles of the se- lected records were evaluated and critically appraised after inclusion. Data concerning life-threatening situations, as well as long-term severe adverse effects were collected.

Impending Carotid Blowout Stabilization Using an LT-D Tube.

Adequate stabilization of a patient presenting with a carotid blowout is one of the most challenging issues an on-call ENT surgeon can be confronted with. Reducing the bleeding and securing the airway are essential before more definitive management. We present the case of a 72-year-old patient with head and neck cancer who arrived at the emergency room with a carotid blowout and who was successfully stabilized using a King LT-D ventilation tube.