Associations of upper- and lower-limb muscle strength, mass, and quality with health-related quality of life in community-dwelling older adults.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the associations between upper- and lower-limb muscle strength, mass, and quality and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 428 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 80 years. Upper- and lower-limb muscle strength were evaluated through the handgrip strength (HGS) test and the 30-s chair stand test, respectively. Muscle mass was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Muscle quality was evaluated using the muscle quality index (MQI). HRQoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version questionnaire. RESULTS: Lower-limb, but not upper-limb, muscle strength and quality were independently associated with HRQoL, particularly within the domains of physical capacity, environment, and overall HRQoL for both males and females (P < 0.05). DXA- and BIA-derived analyses provided similar results in relation to muscle mass and muscle quality. CONCLUSIONS: Lower-limb, but not upper-limb, muscle strength and quality were independently associated with HRQoL among community-dwelling older adults. Moreover, the results obtained from both BIA and DXA were similar, highlighting that BIA can serve as a viable surrogate method for estimating body composition in resource-limited clinical settings. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; ••: ••-••.

Associations between physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness with vascular health phenotypes in older adults: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: We investigated the associations between physical activity (PA) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) with vascular health phenotypes in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 82 participants (66.8 ± 5.2 years; 81% females). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was assessed using accelerometers, and CRF was measured using the distance covered in the 6-min walk test (6MWT). The vascular health markers were as follows: i) arterial function measured as aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) estimated using an automatic blood pressure device; and ii) arterial structure measured as the common carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT). Using a combination of normal cIMT and aPWV values, four groups of vascular health phenotypes were created: normal aPWV and cIMT, abnormal aPWV only, abnormal cIMT only, and abnormal aPWV and cIMT. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate the beta coefficients (ß) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) adjusting for BMI, and medication for diabetes, lipid, and hypertension, sex, age, and blood pressure. Results: Participants with abnormal aPWV and normal cIMT (ß = -53.76; 95% CI = -97.73--9.78 m; p = 0.017), and participants with both abnormal aPWV and cIMT (ß = -71.89; 95% CI = -125.46--18.31 m; p = 0.009) covered less distance in the 6MWT, although adjusting for age, sex and blood pressure decreased the strength of the association with only groups of abnormal aPWV and cIMT covering a lower 6MWT distance compared to participants with both normal aPWV and cIMT (ß = -55.68 95% CI = -111.95-0.59; p = 0.052). No associations were observed between MVPA and the vascular health phenotypes. Conslusion: In summary, poor CRF, but not MVPA, is associated with the unhealthiest vascular health phenotype (abnormal aPWV/cIMT) in older adults.

Prejudice associated with weight images in health communication in the social networks / Preconceito relacionado ao peso em imagens para a comunicação em saúde nas redes sociais

ABSTRACT Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the depiction of a fat body for health communication on the Instagram social network by the national societies governing obesity management present elements that enhance weight-related prejudice, with the slim body as a reference. Methods We investigated the last publication quintile, totaling 2,155 publications. A total of 72 images were included and 99 bodies were decoded. The bodies were classified according to positive and negative characteristics into four categories (body presentation, clothing, food and moving behavior) in which the negative characteristics have the potential to enhance the prejudice. The chi-square test was applied to test the difference in the proportion of bias elements associated with body weight between the fat body and the thin body. Results The fat body was more represented (p≤0.05 for all) headless (32.3% vs 9.2%), with bare abdomen (17.6% vs 0%), with a focus on the abdomen (11% vs 0% ), with tight clothes (32.3% vs 0%), sad expression (23.5% vs 6.1%), involved with food of low nutritional value (14.7% vs 0%) and in sedentary behavior ( 11% vs 0%) compared to the thin body. Conclusion National societies that govern management of obesity presented the fat body with more negative elements that enhance the prejudice associated with excess weight, which is an important public health problem.

RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a representação do corpo gordo nas imagens para a comunicação em saúde em perfis de sociedades nacionais diretivas orientadas ao manejo da obesidade na rede social Instagram apresentam elementos que potencializam o preconceito relacionado ao peso, tendo como referência o corpo magro. Métodos Foi analisado o último quintil de postagens, totalizando 2.155 publicações. Setenta e duas imagens foram incluídas e 99 corpos foram decodificados. Os corpos foram classificados em quatro categorias (apresentação do corpo, vestimenta, alimentação e comportamento de movimento) de acordo com características positivas e negativas, sendo que as negativas possuem potencial para reforçar o preconceito. O teste qui-quadrado foi aplicado para testar a diferença na proporção de elementos de preconceito relacionados ao peso entre o corpo gordo e o corpo magro. Resultados O corpo gordo foi mais representado (p≤0,05 para tudo) sem cabeça (32,3% vs 9,2%), com abdomen nu (17,6% vs 0%), com foco no abdomen (11% vs 0%), com roupa apertada (32,3% vs 0%), expressão triste (23,5% vs 6,1%), envolvido com alimento de baixo valor nutricional (14,7% vs 0%) e relacionado a um comportamento sedentário (11% vs 0%) em comparação ao corpo magro. Conclusão Sociedades nacionais diretivas ao manejo da obesidade apresentaram o corpo gordo com mais elementos negativos que reforçam o preconceito relacionado ao peso, sendo importante problema de saúde pública.

Daily step volume and intensity moderate the association of sedentary time and cardiometabolic disease risk in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the moderating effect of step count and peak cadence on the relationship of sedentary time and cardiometabolic disease risk in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 248 older adults aged 60-80 years without cardiovascular disease (66.0 ± 4.6 years of age; 78 % females). Sedentary time, step count and peak cadence were measured by a hip-worn accelerometer for seven days. Peak cadence was defined as the average of 30 min of the day (but not necessarily consecutive) with the highest cadence (steps per minute) for all valid days. Cardiometabolic disease risk was defined using a sex-specific continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS). Sedentary time was used as an explanatory variable for cMetS and step count and peak cadence as moderators. The analyses were adjusted for known cardiometabolic disease risk factors and accelerometer wear time. The Johnson-Neyman technique was used to specify the value of moderator variables at which the significant relationship between sedentary time and cMetS disappears. RESULTS: Both step count (ß = -0.186, P = 0.032) and peak cadence (ß = -0.003, P = 0.007) showed a moderating effect on the relationship of sedentary time and cMetS. The association of sedentary time and cMetS was not statistically significant (p > 0.05) when step count or peak cadence exceed 5715 steps per day and 57 steps per minute, respectively. CONCLUSION: Steps per day and peak cadence moderate the association of sedentary time and cardiometabolic disease risk in older adults. Therefore, steps per day and peak cadence seem to offset the deleterious effects of sedentary time on cardiometabolic health in this population.

Pre-Frailty Phenotype and Arterial Stiffness in Older Adults Free of Cardiovascular Diseases.

PURPOSE: Arterial stiffness is a subclinical marker of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The pre-frailty phenotype is associated with a higher risk for CVD. This study investigated the association between the pre-frailty phenotype and arterial stiffness in community-dwelling older adults without diagnosed CVD. METHODS: In total, 249 community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years were included in this cross-sectional study. The pre-frailty phenotype was defined by the standardized Fried criteria (muscle weakness; slow walking speed; low physical activity; unintentional weight loss; self-reported exhaustion). Participants with one or two standardized Fried criteria were classified as pre-frail and those with zero criteria as robust. Arterial stiffness was measured by aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV). The data were analyzed using the generalized linear model. RESULTS: From 249 participants (66.1 ± 5.3 years; 79.5% females), 61.8% (n = 154) were pre-frail and 38.2% (n = 95) robust. Pre-frail older adults had a higher aPWV (ß = 0.19 m/s; p = 0.007) compared to their robust peers. CONCLUSIONS: The pre-frailty phenotype was associated with higher arterial stiffness in community-dwelling older adults aged 60-80 years. Pre-frail older adults may have a higher risk for CVD.

Joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with cardiometabolic risk in older adults: A cross-sectional study.

To investigate the joint associations of accelerometer-measured moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time (ST) with cardiometabolic risk in older adults. This cross-sectional study included 248 participants (aged 65.8 ± 5.1 years; 73.7% females). Cardiometabolic risk was defined using continuous metabolic syndrome score (cMetS). MVPA and ST were assessed by accelerometry. Participants were categorized according to their MVPA and ST levels: i) 'Inactive + High ST' (<150 min/week and > 10.6 h/day); ii) 'Inactive + Low ST' (< 150 min/week and ≤ 10.6 h/day); iii) 'Active + High ST' (≥ 150 min/week and > 10.6 h/day) and iv) 'Active + Low ST' (≥ 150 min/week and ≤ 10.6 h/day). The cut-offs for active and inactive were based on current PA guidelines. The cut-offs for low and high ST were based on the median value from this cohort. Generalized linear models were used for data analyses ('Inactive + High ST' as group reference) controlling for known cardiometabolic risk factors. The 'Active + Low ST' (ß = -0.34, 95% CI -0.57, -0.11) and 'Active + High ST' (ß = -0.28, 95% CI -0.55, -0.02) groups had lower cMetS compared to the 'Inactive + High ST' group (p < 0.05). No difference was found between the 'Inactive + Low ST' and 'Inactive + High ST' groups (ß = -0.19, 95% CI -0.41, 0.03). Meeting MVPA recommendations (≥ 150 min/week) is associated with a lower cardiometabolic risk in older adults, even in those with high ST.

Agreement between upper and lower limb measures to identify older adults with low skeletal muscle strength, muscle mass and muscle quality.

BACKGROUND: Identifying low skeletal muscle strength (SMS), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle quality (SMQ) is pivotal for diagnosing sarcopenia cases. Age-related declines in SMS, SMM, and SMQ are dissimilar between the upper (UL) and lower limbs (LL). Despite this, both UL and LL measures have been used to assess SMS, SMM and SMQ in older adults. However, it is not clear whether there is agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ. METHODS: Participants (n = 385; 66.1 ± 5.1 years; 75,4% females) performed the handgrip strength test (HGS) and the 30-s chair stand test (CST) to assess UL- and LL-SMS, respectively. The SMM was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The UL-SMQ was determined as: handgrip strength (kgf) ÷ arm SMM (kg). LL-SMQ was determined as: 30-s CST performance (repetitions) ÷ leg SMM (kg). Results below the 25th percentile stratified by sex and age group (60-69 and 70-80 years) were used to determine low SMS, SMM and SMQ. Cohen's kappa coefficient (κ) was used for the agreement analyses. RESULTS: There was a slight and non-significant agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS (κ = 0.046; 95% CI 0.093-0.185; p = 0.352). There was a moderate agreement to identify low SMM (κ = 0.473; 95% CI 0.371-0.574; p = 0.001) and a fair agreement to identify low SMQ (κ = 0.206; 95% CI 0.082 to 0.330; p = 0.005). CONCLUSION: The agreement between UL and LL measures to identify older adults with low SMS, SMM and SMQ is limited, which might generate different clinical interpretations for diagnosing sarcopenia cases.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Performance in Multiple Domains of Executive Functions in School-Aged Adolescents.

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and performance in multiple domains of executive functions in school-aged adolescents. A sample of 132 adolescents (43% girls) aged 11-16 years were included in this cross-sectional study. Each participant completed a progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance running (PACER) test, computerized cognitive tasks (Attentional Network, Berg's Card Sorting, Go/No-Go oddball, Sternberg's Working Memory, and Tower of London) and questionnaire for daytime sleepiness, as well as other factors that might influence cognitive performance (age, sex, school year, pubertal stage, and body mass index - BMI). Generalized linear model was used to calculate the coefficient estimates (ß) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) for the cognitive tasks using PACER laps as a predictor, controlling for potential confounding variables. There was a negatively association of PACER laps with planning (ß = -17.1, 95% CI -31.9, -2.3) and solution (ß = -44.6, 95% CI -75.1, -14.2) time in performing the Tower of London task, as well as with perseverative errors in performing Berg's task (ß = -0.073, 95% CI -0.133, -0.013). Moderating effect of sex was found for the association of PACER laps with completed categories and perseverative errors in Berg's task (p < 0.05). Mediating effect of BMI was found for the association between PACER laps and NoGo task, revealing a full mediator accounted for 81% of the total effect mediated (standardized indirect effect, -0.069, 95% CI -0.140, -0.020; standardized direct effect, 0.011, 95% CI -0.149, 0.165). No association was found for Attentional or Sternberg's tasks. The findings suggest that school-aged adolescents with higher CRF level showed better planning and problem-solving abilities and cognitive flexibility. Additionally, the positive association of CRF with cognitive flexibility was sex-moderated and with inhibitory control was BMI-mediated.

Housing type is associated with objectively measured changes in movement behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults with hypertension: An exploratory study.

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between housing characteristics with objectively measured changes in physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults with hypertension. METHODS: Thirty-five older adults with hypertension were included in this exploratory study. Accelerometer-based PA and SB measures were assessed before and during a period of social distancing policy imposed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Housing type, housing surface area and household size were tested as predictors of changes in PA and SB. A generalized linear mixed model was used for the analysis. RESULTS: Housing type was associated with changes in PA and SB. Individuals residing in an apartment showed a greater decrease in light PA on weekdays (ß= -65 min/day, p=0.035) and a trend for an increase in SB (ß= 55 min/day, p=0.056) compared to those residing in a detached house. Individuals residing in a row house showed a greater decrease in moderate-vigorous PA (ß= -10 min/day, p=0.037) and steps/day (ß= -2064, p=0.010) compared to those residing in a detached house. Individuals residing in an apartment showed a greater decrease in light PA on the weekends (ß= -83 min/day, p=0.015) and an increase in SB (ß= 72 min/day, p=0.036) compared to those residing in a detached house. No association was found for housing surface area and household size. CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with hypertension residing in an apartment or row house have greater unhealthy changes in movement behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further studies are needed to confirm our preliminary findings.

Self-selected exercise intensity for inactive hypertensive older women: a pilot study / Exercício em intensidade autosselecionada para mulheres idosas hipertensas inativas: um estudo piloto

Self-selected exercise intensity (SSE) is a simple approach to encourage an active lifestyle. This study aimed to investigate whether a SSE session meet the recommended intensity for hypertension management (i.e. moderate-vigorous), and whether heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and affective responses are reproducible. Thirteen inactive hypertensive older women (age: 64.54 ± 4.16 years; blood pressure: 122.51/62.15 mmHg) performed two 30-minute SSE sessions outdoors. HR reserve (HRR), RPE and affective responses were assessed. Paired t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and typical error (TE) were used for the analyzes. Participants exercised at moderate-vigorous intensity (≥ 40% of HRR). No differences were found for HRR (56.46 ± 8.01% vs. 59.08 ± 10.57%), RPE (11.26 ± 1.14 vs. 10.98 ± 1.52) and affective response (3.47 ± 1.13 vs. 3.38 ± 1.23) (p > 0.05). RPE showed excellent reliability (ICC = 0.82; 95%CI: 0.42; 0.94; p = 0.003). There was a poor reliability for HRR (ICC = 0.40; 95%CI: -0.97; 0.82; p = 0.193) and affective responses (ICC = 0.19; 95%CI: -2.10; 0.76; p = 0.369). TE between sessions for HRR, RPE, and affective response were 8.11 bpm, 0.75 and 1.11, respectively. In conclusion, inactive hypertensive older women seem to meet the recommended intensity for hypertension management when they exercise at a self-selected pace and report it as light-moderate and pleasant. Despite only RPE, but not HR and affective response, has shown good reproducibility, the results seem to support the use of SSE as a simple approach to encourage an active lifestyle in this population

O exercício em intensidade autosselecionada (EIA) é uma abordagem simples para encorajar um estilo de vida ativo. Este estudo investigou se o EIA atende a intensidade recomendada para tratamento de hiperten-são (i.e. moderada-vigorosa), e se a frequência cardíaca (FC), percepção de esforço (PSE) e resposta afetiva são reprodutíveis. Treze mulheres idosas hipertensas inativas (idade: 64,54 ± 4,16 anos; pressão arterial: 122,51/62,15 mmHg) realizaram duas sessões de EIA de 30 minutos ao ar livre. FC de reserva (FCR), PSE e resposta afetiva foram avaliadas. Teste t pareado, coeficiente de correção intraclasse (CCI) e erro tí-pico (ET) foram analisados. As participantes se exercitaram em intensidade moderada-vigorosa (≥ 40% da FCR). Não houve diferença na FCR (56,46 ± 8,01% vs. 59,08 ± 10,57%), PSE (11,26 ± 1,14 vs. 10,98 ± 1,52) e resposta afetiva (3,47 ± 1,13 vs. 3,38 ± 1,23; p > 0,05). A PSE apresentou excelente confiabilidade (CCI = 0,82; IC95%: 0,42; 0,94; p = 0,003). Houve baixa confiabilidade da FCR (CCI = 0,40; IC95%: -0,97; 0,82; p = 0,193) e resposta afetiva (CCI = 0,19; IC95%: -2,10; 0,76; p = 0,369). O ET foi de 8,11 bpm, 0,75 e 1,11 para FCR, PSE e resposta afetiva, respectivamente. Em conclusão, mulheres idosas hipertensas inativas parecem atender a intensidade recomendada para tratamento da hipertensão quando realizam EIA e relatam a atividade como leve-moderada e prazerosa. Embora apenas a PSE, e não a FCR e resposta afetiva, tenha mostrado boa reprodutibilidade, os resultados parecem suportar o EIA como uma abordagem simples para encorajar um estilo de vida ativo nessa população

Acute antihypertensive effect of self-selected exercise intensity in older women with hypertension: a crossover trial.

PURPOSE: Acute reduction in blood pressure (BP) following an exercise session is evidenced in controlled settings with formal supervision in hypertensive older populations. This study investigated the effect of a self-selected exercise (SSE)-intensity session on ambulatory BP in hypertensive older women in a "real-world" setting. METHODS: Twenty inactive older women with hypertension (64.9±4.5 years) were included in this randomized, controlled, crossover trial. After baseline assessments, participants performed 30 minutes of an SSE-intensity session on an outdoor track and a control session, separated by 7-10 days. Heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and affective response were assessed. Ambulatory BP was monitored for 20 hours following both sessions. Paired t-tests and generalized estimation were used for data analysis. RESULTS: Participants exercised at 5.1±1.1 km/h, spent ~90% of the exercise time at moderate-vigorous intensity (≥40% of heart rate reserve). SSE-intensity session was reported as light (RPE 11.0±1.5) and pleasant (affect 3.4±1.2). SSE-intensity session elicited reductions in systolic BP in the first 6 hours postexercise (6.0 mmHg, CI 2.7-9.3 mmHg; P<0.001). Average systolic BP in the 20-hour (-3.4 mmHg, CI -5.9 to -0.9 mmHg; P=0.010) and awake (-4.0 mmHg, CI -6.4 to -1.6 mmHg; P=0.003) periods were lower following SSE-intensity session compared to control session. No differences were observed in average systolic BP during asleep period and diastolic BP during the 20-hour awake and asleep periods between the SSE-intensity session and control session (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: An SSE-intensity session elicited a reduction in ambulatory systolic BP in inactive older women with hypertension during awake and 20-hour periods. Also, the SSE-intensity session was reported as light and pleasant.

Effect of Breaks in Prolonged Sitting or Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Exercise on Markers of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults With Excess Body Fat: A Crossover Trial.

BACKGROUND: This study analyzed the effect of walking breaks or low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (LV-HIIE) on markers of metabolic syndrome relative to a day of prolonged sitting. METHODS: Twenty-five adults with excess body fat participated in this crossover trial: (1) 10-hour sitting day (SIT), (2) LV-HIIE followed by a sitting day (EX+SIT), and (3) sitting day with 5-minute walking breaks for every 20 minutes (SIT+WB). Glucose and blood pressure (BP) were measured before and 1 hour after 4 meals and 2 hours after lunch. Triglycerides were measured at baseline, 2, and 3.5 hours after lunch. Generalized mixed models were used to identify differences in the area under the curve (AUC) of BP and incremental AUC (iAUC) of glucose and triglycerides among the sessions. RESULTS: iAUC-glucose was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (ß = -35.3 mg/dL·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -52.5 to -8.2). AUC-diastolic BP was lower in SIT+WB than SIT (ß = -14.1 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.5 to -1.6) and EX+SIT (ß = -14.5 mm Hg·10 h; 95% confidence interval, -26.9 to -2.1). There were no differences in triglycerides and systolic BP levels among the sessions. CONCLUSION: Adults with excess body fat present lower glucose and diastolic BP during a day with breaks in sitting time compared with a prolonged sitting day with or without an LV-HIIE session.

Physiological and Psychological Responses during Low-Volume High-Intensity Interval Training Sessions with Different Work-Recovery Durations.

We compared physiological and psychological responses between low-volume high-intensity interval training (LV-HIIT) sessions with different work-recovery durations. Ten adult males performed two LV-HIIT sessions in a randomized, counter-balanced order. Specifically, 60/60 s LV-HIIT and 30/30 s LV-HIIT. Oxygen uptake (VO2), carbon dioxide output (VCO2), ventilation (VE), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), perceived exertion (RPE), and affect were assessed. During intervals, the VO2 (3.25 ± 0.57 vs. 2.83 ± 0.50 L/min), VCO2 (3.15 ± 0.61 vs. 2.93 ± 0.58 L/min), VE (108.59 ± 27.39 vs. 94.28 ± 24.98 L/min), and RPE (15.9 ± 1.5 vs. 13.9 ± 1.5) were higher (ps ≤ 0.01), while RER (0.98 ± 0.05 vs. 1.03 ± 0.03) and affect (-0.8 ± 1.4 vs. 1.1 ± 2.0) were lower (ps ≤ 0.007) in the 60/60 s LV-HIIT. During recovery periods, VO2 (1.85 ± 0.27 vs. 2.38 ± 0.46 L/min), VCO2 (2.15 ± 0.35 vs. 2.44 ± 0.45 L/min), and affect (0.6 ± 1.7 vs. 1.7 ± 1.8) were lower (ps ≤ 0.02), while RER (1.20 ± 0.05 vs. 1.03 ± 0.05; p < 0.001) was higher in the 60/60 s LV-HIIT. Shorter LV-HIIT (30 s) elicits lower physiological response and attenuated negative affect than longer LV-HIIT (60 s).

Psychological responses, muscle damage, inflammation, and delayed onset muscle soreness to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise in overweight men.

We compared in-task affect to HIIE and MICE, and its relationship with time spent at different metabolic domains, perceived exertion (RPE), self-efficacy, enjoyment, and future intention of exercise in overweight inactive men. Muscle damage and soreness, and inflammation were assessed post-exercise. Fifteen participants (28.9 ±â€¯5.0 yr; 29.2 ±â€¯3.8 kg/m2) completed a HIIE (10 × 1 min at 100% Vmax, 1 min recovery) and MICE (20 min at 55-59% VO2reserve) session. Affect, alertness, RPE, and self-efficacy were assessed in-task, and enjoyment and future intention post-task. At baseline, 24 and 48 h, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6 and -10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and muscle soreness were assessed. Affect (-3.1 ±â€¯1.8 vs. 0.8 ±â€¯1.8, P < .001) and self-efficacy (70 ±â€¯15 vs. 90 ±â€¯15%, P < .001) were lower, while RPE and alertness were higher in HIIE compared to MICE (Ps ≤ .02). Affect was negatively correlated with RPE in HIIE (r = -0.90) and MICE (r = -0.72), and time spent above respiratory compensation point in HIIE (r = -0.59). Affect was positively correlated with self-efficacy in MICE (r = 0.74). Enjoyment, future intention, muscle damage and soreness, and inflammation were similar between HIIE and MICE post-exercise. Therefore, in-task HIIE was experienced as unpleasant compared to MICE, but the psychological and physiological responses post-task were similar in overweight inactive men.

Efeito do tempo sentado prolongado sobre marcadores cardiometabólicos em adultos fisicamente ativos e inativos: um estudo piloto / Effect of prolonged sitting time on cardiometabolic markers in physically active and inactive adults: a pilot study

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito do tempo sentado prolongado sobre marcadores cardio-metabólicos em adultos fisicamente ativos e inativos. Participaram do estudo 10 adultos fisicamente ativos (27,30 ± 4,90 anos de idade) e 11 fisicamente inativos (26,27 ± 3,17 anos de idade). Todos realizaram uma sessão de tempo sentado prolongado de 10 horas, com quatro refeições padroniza-das. Os níveis de glicose e pressão arterial foram mensurados no jejum, antes e 1 hora após cada refeição e também 2 horas após o almoço. Os níveis de triglicerídeos foram medidos no jejum, 2 e 3,5 horas após o almoço. O modelo linear generalizado foi utilizado para comparar a área sob a curva incremental (ASCi) dos níveis de glicose e triglicerídeos e a área sob a curva (ASC) dos níveis de pressão arterial entre os grupos, com ajuste pelos valores de linha de base. O grupo fisicamente ativo apresentou menor ASCi para os níveis de glicose no período de 10 horas (ß = -5,55 mg/dL/10h; IC95%: -9,75; -1,33; p = 0,010) e no período da manhã (ß = -7,05 mg/dL/5h; IC95%: -12,11; -1,99; p = 0,006) comparado ao grupo fisicamente inativo. Não houve diferença da ASCi dos triglicerídeos (p = 0,517) e na ASC da pressão arterial (p = 0,145) entre os grupos. Em conclusão, adultos fisicamente ativos apresentaram melhor controle glicêmico comparados àqueles fisicamente inativos durante a exposição a tempo sentado prolongado

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of prolonged sitting time on cardiometabolic markers in physically active and inactive adults.Ten physically active adults (27.30 ± 4.90 years old) and 11 physically inactive (26.27 ± 3.17 years old) participated in the study. All performed a 10-hour long sitting session, with a total of four standardized meals. Glucose and blood pressure levels were measured at fasting, before and 1 hour after each meal, and 2 hours after lunch. Triglycerides levels were measured on fasting at 2 and 3.5 hours after lunch. The generalized linear model was used to compare the area under the incremental curve (AUCi) of the glucose and triglycerides lev-els, and the area under the curve (AUC) of the blood pressure levels between the groups, adjusted for baseline values. The physically active group showed lower blood glucose AUCi of 10 hours (ß = -5.55 mg/dL/10h; 95%CI: -9.75; -1.33, p = 0.010), and morning (ß = -7.05 mg/dL/5h; 95%CI: -12.11; -1.99, p = 0.006) compared to the physically inactive group. There was no difference in triglycerides AUCi (p = 0.517) and blood pressure AUC (p = 0.145) between groups. In conclusion, physically active adults have better glycemic control than physically inactive adults during exposure to prolonged sitting time

Sedentary Occupation Workers Who Meet the Physical Activity Recommendations Have a Reduced Risk for Metabolic Syndrome: A Cross-Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that sedentary occupation workers who meet the physical activity recommendations present a lower risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) than their nonactive counterparts. METHODS: A cross-sectional study involving 502 sedentary occupation workers. Physical activity level was self-reported. MetS was defined by International Diabetes Federation criteria. RESULTS: The active group showed lower odds for MetS [odds ratio (OR) 0.52, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.27 to 0.98], abdominal obesity (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.16 to 0.82), elevated blood pressure (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.84), and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.93) than the sedentary group after adjustments for age, time in job, body mass index, and tobacco use. CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary occupation workers who meet the physical activity recommendations have a reduced risk for MetS.