Relationship between mozzarella yield and milk composition, processing factors, and recovery of whey constituents.

Our aim was to identify the relationship between mozzarella cheese yield and buffalo milk composition, processing factors, and recovery of whey constituents. A production of 30 batches of mozzarella cheese at a dairy industry in northeast Brazil (Rio Grande do Norte) was monitored between March and November 2015. Mozzarella yield and 32 other variables were observed for each batch, and divided into 3 groups: milk composition variables (12); variables involved in the cheesemaking process (14); and variables for recovery of whey constituents (6). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis. Most of the correlations between milk composition variables and between the variables of the manufacturing processes were not significant. Significant correlations were mostly observed between variables for recovery of whey constituents. Yield only showed significant correlation with time elapsed between curd cuttings and age of the starter culture, and it showed greater association with age of the starter culture, time elapsed between curd cuttings, and during stretching, as well as with milk pH and density. Thus, processing factors and milk characteristics are closely related to dairy efficiency in mozzarella manufacturing.

Richards growth model and viability indicators for populations subject to interventions.

In this work we study the problem of modeling identification of a population employing a discrete dynamic model based on the Richards growth model. The population is subjected to interventions due to consumption, such as hunting or farming animals. The model identification allows us to estimate the probability or the average time for a population number to reach a certain level. The parameter inference for these models are obtained with the use of the likelihood profile technique as developed in this paper. The identification method here developed can be applied to evaluate the productivity of animal husbandry or to evaluate the risk of extinction of autochthon populations. It is applied to data of the Brazilian beef cattle herd population, and the the population number to reach a certain goal level is investigated.

Richards growth model and viability indicators for populations subject to interventions

In this work we study the problem of modeling identification of a population employing a discrete dynamic model based on the Richards growth model. The population is subjected to interventions due to consumption, such as hunting or farming animals. The model identification allows us to estimate the probability or the average time for a population number to reach a certain level. The parameter inference for these models are obtained with the use of the likelihood profile technique as developed in this paper. The identification method here developed can be applied to evaluate the productivity of animal husbandry or to evaluate the risk of extinction of autochthon populations. It is applied to data of the Brazilian beef cattle herd population, and the the population number to reach a certain goal level is investigated.

Neste trabalho estudamos o problema de identificação do modelo de uma população utilizando um modelo dinâmico discreto baseado no modelo de crescimento de Richards. A população é submetida a intervenções devido ao consumo, como no caso de caça ou na criação de animais. A identificação do modelo permite-nos estimar a probabilidade ou o tempo médio de ocorrência para que se atinja um certo número populacional. A inferência paramétrica dos modelos é obtida através da técnica de perfil de máxima verossimilhança como desenvolvida neste trabalho. O método de identificação desenvolvido pode ser aplicado para avaliar a produtividade de criação animal ou o risco de extinção de uma população autóctone. Ele foi aplicado aos dados da população global de gado de corte bovino brasileiro, e é utilizado na investigação de a população atingir um certo número desejado de cabeças.

Prevalência de rinite atrófica e de pneumonia em granjas associadas a sistemas de integraçäo de suínos, no estado de Santa Catarina / Prevalence of atrophic rhinits and pneumonia in farms associated to swuine integration systems in the State of Santa Catarina

No inverno de 1985 examinaram-se suínos terminados abatidos em frigoríficos, oriundos de 133 granjas de suínos associadas a cinco sistemas de integraçäo em Santa Catarina, para avaliar a prevalência de rinite atrófica e de pneumonias. As granjas foram escolhidas de forma aleatória, em média 25 por integraçäo. De cada granja foi examinado um lote, em média, de 27 animais de diferentes raças e ambos os sexos, com idade variando de cinco meses e meio a seis meses e meio. Dos 3.607 cornetos nasais examinados, 52,6% näo apresentavam lesöes macroscópicas, 31,4% estavam ligeiramente afetados (grau 1), 11,9% apresentavam atrofia definida (grau 2) e 4,9% atrofia grave (grau 3). Dos 3.588 pulmöes examinados, 44,7% näo apresentavam lesöes, 44,9% , mostravam hepatizaçäo em 0 < X < 11% do pulmäo (grau 2), 7,6% com 11 < X < 21% (grau 3) e 2,9% com X > 21% (grau 4). A rinite atrófica e a pneumonia foram diagnosticadas em 100% das granjas. Concluiu-se que a rinite atrófica e a pneumonia estäo amplamente disseminadas nos rebanhos produtores de suínos terminados associados aos sistemas de integraçäo no Estado de Santa Catarina