Sedative and cardiorespiratory effects of dexmedetomidine alone or combined with acepromazine in healthy cats.

The purpose of this study was to assess sedation, emesis and cardiovascular effects of dexmedetomidine alone or combined with acepromazine in healthy cats. Fourteen male cats aged 0.9 ± 0.5 years and weighing 3.7 ± 0.7 kg were randomly assigned to one of two experimental groups: GD, dexmedetomidine 5 µg/kg; and GDA, dexmedetomidine 5 µg/kg with acepromazine 0.03 mg/kg, all intramuscularly. Measurements were recorded at baseline, at 20 minutes and then at 10-minute intervals following sedation and included heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (FR), systolic arterial pressure (SAP), rectal temperature (RT), number of episodes of emesis and sedation score (0-4). Data were compared using ANOVA for repeated measures followed by Sídák and Dunnet test. Sedation scores were compared between groups at T20 using Mann-Whitney test. Significance was considered when P <0.05. At T20, HR was significantly lower in GDA (99 ± 14 beats/min) compared with GD (133 ± 19 beats/min) and SAP was significantly lower in both groups compared with baseline (126 ± 14 vs. 148 ± 26 and 111 ± 13 vs. 144 ± 17 mmHg in GD and GDA, respectively). Duration of sedation was similar between groups, although sedation scores differed significantly at T20, with 1 (0-4) in GD and 4 (4-4) in GDA. More episodes of emesis were recorded in GD compared with GDA. The combination of dexmedetomidine and acepromazine produced more profound sedation with faster onset and lower incidence of emesis compared with dexmedetomidine alone in healthy cats.

Correlation between plaque control and gingival health using short and extended oral hygiene intervals.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the correlation between dental plaque formation and gingival health in subjects performing high oral hygiene standards over short or extended intervals. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-two non-dental students volunteered for this study. The subjects, trained to perform high oral hygiene standards, were randomized to perform oral hygiene at 12-, 24-, 48-, or 72-h interval over 30 days. The plaque index (PlI) and the gingival index (GI) were evaluated at baseline, 15, and 30 days. For the statistical analysis, oral hygiene intervals were collapsed into daily (12 and 24 h; G12/24) and extended (48 and 72 h; G48/72) intervals. Summary statistics (mean ± SD) and Spearman correlations between the PlI and the GI at baseline, 15, and 30 days were estimated. RESULTS: At baseline, correlation coefficients between PlI and GI were positive for both groups (r = 0.29 and r = 0.25). At day 15 and 30, correlation was maintained with similar baseline values for the G48/72 group. GI levels did not increase despite an increase in PlI for the G12/24 group, and the correlation was lower than that observed at baseline (r = 0.13 vs. r = 0.29). CONCLUSIONS: In subjects with high oral hygiene standards, the oral hygiene frequency governs the correlation between dental plaque formation and gingival health. Subjects performing high oral hygiene standards at daily intervals will maintain gingival health in difference to subjects using extended hygiene intervals. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Subjects performing high oral hygiene standards at daily intervals will maintain gingival health in difference to subjects using extended hygiene intervals.

Ovariossalpingo-histerectomia em cadelas: comparação da dor e análises cardiorrespiratória, pressórica e hemogasométrica nas abordagens convencional, por NOTES híbrida e NOTES total / Ovariosalpingohisterectomy in bitches: comparison of pain, cardiopulmonary, pressure and arterial blood gas analysis of the conventional approaches, by NOTES hybrid and NOTES pure

A cirurgia endoscópica por orifícios naturais (NOTES) é um novo conceito de abordagem videocirúrgica, que surge como alternativa à cirurgia convencional, eliminando incisões abdominais e as possíveis complicações relacionadas a ela. A proposta deste artigo foi comparar técnicas de ovariossalpingo-histerectomia (OSH) em cadelas, buscando determinar o procedimento que oferece menores alterações hemodinâmicas e menos estímulos dolorosos trans e pós-operatório. Para tanto, foram utilizadas 21 cadelas alocadas em três grupos. No primeiro, os pacientes foram submetidos à OSH por celiotomia (GC), no segundo por meio da técnica de NOTES híbrida (GNH) e no terceiro (GNT), utilizando-se a técnica de NOTES total. O tempo cirúrgico do GNH foi significativamente maior que nos demais grupos. Em ambos os grupos de cirurgia NOTES, verificou-se diminuição das pressões arteriais médias e diastólicas no transoperatório. Apenas o grupo GNH desenvolveu acidose severa no transoperatório. Levando-se em consideração as avaliações da dor, apenas o grupo convencional necessitou de analgesia resgate transcirúrgica. No pós-operatório, observou-se que os cães do GC apresentaram índices mais elevados na escala visual analógica e na escala de Melbourne que os animais dos demais grupos, sendo necessária analgesia resgate em 100% deles. Em contraste, no GNT nenhum dos cães requereram complementação analgésica pós-operatória. Conclui-se que a técnica de OSH por NOTES total apresenta parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos semelhantes à técnica convencional e mais estáveis que a técnica de NOTES híbrida, bem como resulta em menor dor trans e pós-operatória que a técnica convencional...

The aim of the present study was to perform bacteriological and molecular methods for identification of Mycobacterium bovis in lesions derived from bovine carcasses detected during routine post-mortem examination in officially inspected slaughterhouses. We checked the slaughter and inspection of 825,394 bovines, health upon ante-mortem examination, by the official service in 10 slaughterhouses of Bahia state from April, 2009 to April 2012. Lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were collected from 180 bovines and further evaluated by bacteriology and multiplex PCR. The majority of lesions were located in the respiratory tract lymph nodes and 71% were from male bovines up to 32 months old. 13.9% of samples presented small, granular and creamy-yellowish colonies after being cultured in Stonebrink-Leslie with an average growth time of 34 days. All smears from the isolated samples were Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) and among them 56% were identified by mPCR as M. bovis. Thus, the association between post-mortem examination, culture and multiplex PCR allowed the bacillus identification in a reduced time and in regions of low prevalence, pointing out its importance for bovine tuberculosis detection and as a supportive tool for the tuberculosis control and eradication program...

Spiders from the Island of Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Part III Gnaphosidae (Araneae: Arachnida)

The female of Zimiromus hortenciae Buckup & Brescovit, 1993 is described for the first time and Trachyzelotes kulczynskii (Bösemberg, 1902), a species introduced from Europe, is recorded for the first time on the island of Fernando de Noronha, state of Pernambuco. The latter, along with T. lyonneti (Audouim, 1826) recorded from the state of Rio Grande do Sul, is the second species of this genus to be reported from Brazil. The spiders were collected with pitfall traps in five points of the island. Ecological data showed that Gnaphosidae was the fifth best sampled spider family, with 179 specimens, belonging to two species, T. kulczynskii and Z. hortenciae. Trachyzelotes kulczynskii was the most abundant with 118 adults while Z. hortenciae was represented by only 21 adults. Both species were collected during the dry and wet seasons but T. kulczynskii was more abundant during the wet season while Z. hortenciae was more abundant during the dry season. The male:female ratio for the dry season was similar for both species but in the wet season it was three times higher for T. kulczynskii.

A fêmea de Zimiromus hortenciae Buckup & Brescovit, 1993 é descrita pela primeira vez. Trachyzelotes kulczynskii (Bösemberg, 1902), uma espécie de origem européia, é registrada pela primeira vez na Ilha de Fernando de Noronha, no estado de Pernambuco. Junto com T. lyonneti (Audouin, 1826), já registrado para o estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, é a segunda espécie do gênero introduzida no Brasil. As aranhas foram coletadas com armadilhas de solo em cinco pontos da ilha e os dados ecológicos detectados para Gnaphosidae foram de que esta foi a quinta família melhor amostrada dentre Araneae, com 179 espécimes de duas espécies, T. kulczynskii e Z. hortenciae. Trachyzelotes kulczynskii foi mais abundante com 118 adultos enquanto Z. hortenciae teve 21 adultos coletados. Ambas foram coletadas nas estações seca e chuvosa, sendo que T. kulczynskii foi mais abundante na estação chuvosa enquanto Z. hortenciae o foi na estação seca. A proporção de machos e fêmeas foi similar na estação seca, mas na estação chuvosa a proporção de T. kulczynskii foi três vezes maior.

Spiders from Fernando de Noronha, Brazil. Part II. Proposal of a new genus and description of three new species of jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae)

The new genus Matagaia is proposed to include the newly described M. chromatopus sp. nov. from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. In addition, Corythalia insularis sp. nov. and Neonella noronha sp. nov. are also described from this locality. The synanthropic Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) and Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831) are also recorded from the Archipelago.

O novo gênero Matagaia é proposto para incluir M. chromatopus sp. nov., aqui descrita, do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Pernambuco, Brasil. Além desta espécie, Corythalia insularis sp. nov. e Neonella noronha sp. nov. também são descritas para a mesma localidade. As espécies sinantrópicas Hasarius adansoni (Audouin, 1826) e Menemerus bivittatus (Dufour, 1831) também são registradas para o arquipélago.

Espaniomenorreia: estudo do perfil gonadotropico / Oligomenorrhea: study of gonadotropic pattern

Foram estudadas 108 pacientes portadoras de espaniomenorreia e 8 mulheres normais determinando-se os valores das dosagens basais de PRL, FSH e LH, e os quocientes FSH/LH e LH/FSH. As pacientes foram divididas em 5 grupos: 1) Total, compreendendo todas as pacientes; 2) A, todas com exclusao daquelas com hiperprolactinemia; 3) B, todas com exclusao das pacientes com valores elevados de FSH; 4) C, todas com exclusao daquelas com valores elevados de LH; 5) D, todas com exclusao das pacientes com valores elevados de PRL, FSH ou LH. Os resultados foram comparados com o grupo normal. Os resultados pareceram indicar que as pacientes com espaniomenorreia: a) produzem mais FSH e LH do que as mulheres normais; b) apresentam hiperprolactinemia em 24 por cento dos casos; c) tem quociente LH/FSH elevado.