Inadequate positioning of central venous catheters inserted at intensive care units.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the positioning of the distal tip of central venous catheters and the factors that contributed to inadequate positioning in patients admitted to intensive care. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 246 medical records of patients admitted to intensive care units. A catheter position analysis form was used as an instrument for data collection. RESULTS: It was seen that 86.2% of catheters used in intensive care were centrally inserted in the internal jugular veins, 74.4% were double-lumen catheter, and ultrasound was employed for puncture technique in 84.6% of cases. Of the distal ends of the catheters, 53.7% were at the cavoatrial junction (correct position). According to statistical tests, there was a positive correlation between the inadequate positioning of the distal extremity with the central insertion catheter (p=0.012). Patients with presumptive diagnosis associated with COVID-19 showed a positive correlation with inappropriate positioning of the catheter distal tip (p=0.017). CONCLUSION: There are extrinsic factors related to improper positioning of the distal tip of catheters, such as the type of catheter used, the patients' diagnosis and the puncture with insertion in the left jugular vein.

Relationship between Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and intra-abdominal pressure in intensive care unit / Relação entre o Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) e a pressão intra-abdominal em unidade de tratamento intensivo

BACKGROUND: Patients in the intensive care unit are at risk of developing intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. AIM: To describe the relation between Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) vs. intra-abdominal pressure and the relation between SOFA and risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension. METHOD: In accordance with the recommendations of the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, the present study measured the intra-abdominal pressure of patients 24 h and 48 h after admission to the unit and calculated the SOFA after 24 h and 48 h. Data was collected over two-month period. RESULTS: No correlation was found between SOFA and intra-abdominal pressure. Seventy percent of the patients were men and the mean age was 44 years, 10% had been referred from general surgery (with a mean intra-abdominal pressure of 11) and 65% from neurosurgery (with a mean intra-abdominal of 6.7). Only three (7.5%) presented with intra-abdominal hypertension. The highest SOFA was 15 and the most frequent kind of organ failure was neurological, with a frequency of 77%. There was a strong correlation between the SOFA after 24 h and 48 h and peak respiratory pressure (ρ=0.43/p=0.01; ρ=0.39/p=0.02). CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between SOFA and intra-abdominal pressure in the patients covered by the present study. However, it is possible in patients undergoing abdominal surgery or those with abdominal sepsis. Não houve correlação entre o SOFA e a pressão intra-abdominal nos pacientes aqui estudados; contudo, sinalizou ser possível em pacientes com operação abdominal ou naqueles com sepse abdominal. .

RACIONAL: Os pacientes em unidade de terapia intensiva estão em risco de desenvolver hipertensão intra-abdominal e síndrome compartimental abdominal. OBJETIVOS: Descrever a relação entre o Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) com a pressão intra-abdominal e a relação do SOFA com fatores de risco para hipertensão intra-abdominal. MÉTODO: Com base nas recomendações da World Society of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, foram medidas as pressões intra-abdominais dos pacientes nas 24h e 48h da admissão na UTI e calculado o SOFA ao final das 24h e 48h. O tempo de coleta foi de dois meses. RESULTADOS: Não houve correlação entre o SOFA e a pressão intra-abdominal. Foram 70% de homens com idade média de 44 anos, sendo 10% oriundos da cirurgia geral (pressão intra-abdominal média de 11) e 65% da neurocirurgia (pressão intra-abdominal média de 6,7). Apenas três (7,5%) apresentaram hipertensão intra-abdominal. O SOFA máximo foi de 15 e a falência orgânica mais frequente foi a neurológica com 77%. Houve forte correlação entre o SOFA das 24h e 48h com a pressão de pico respiratória (ρ=0,43/p=0,01; ρ=0,39/p=0,02). CONCLUSÕES: Não houve correlação entre o SOFA e a pressão intra-abdominal nos pacientes aqui estudados; contudo, sinalizou ser possível em pacientes com operação abdominal ou naqueles com sepse abdominal. .

Relationship between Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and intra-abdominal pressure in intensive care unit.

BACKGROUND: Patients in the intensive care unit are at risk of developing intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. AIM: To describe the relation between Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) vs. intra-abdominal pressure and the relation between SOFA and risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension. METHOD: In accordance with the recommendations of the World Society of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome, the present study measured the intra-abdominal pressure of patients 24 h and 48 h after admission to the unit and calculated the SOFA after 24 h and 48 h. Data was collected over two-month period. RESULTS: No correlation was found between SOFA and intra-abdominal pressure. Seventy percent of the patients were men and the mean age was 44 years, 10% had been referred from general surgery (with a mean intra-abdominal pressure of 11) and 65% from neurosurgery (with a mean intra-abdominal of 6.7). Only three (7.5%) presented with intra-abdominal hypertension. The highest SOFA was 15 and the most frequent kind of organ failure was neurological, with a frequency of 77%. There was a strong correlation between the SOFA after 24 h and 48 h and peak respiratory pressure (ρ=0.43/p=0.01; ρ=0.39/p=0.02). CONCLUSION: No correlation was found between SOFA and intra-abdominal pressure in the patients covered by the present study. However, it is possible in patients undergoing abdominal surgery or those with abdominal sepsis. Não houve correlação entre o SOFA e a pressão intra-abdominal nos pacientes aqui estudados; contudo, sinalizou ser possível em pacientes com operação abdominal ou naqueles com sepse abdominal.

Pacemaker electrode misplaced in the left ventricle.

This study reports the case of an anomalous implantation of VVI pacemaker electrode in the left ventricle (LV) diagnosed during routine evaluation, two years after implantation. The patient is a 65-year-old woman with Chagas disease. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a pattern of right branch block. Profile chest X-ray showed electrode with posterior curvature path. In transthoracic echocardiography, the diagnosis revealed that the catheter penetrated the right atrium, crossed the atrial septum, descended through the left atrium and mitral valve orifice and deployed on the LV wall. The following related aspects are addressed: potential deployment routes, clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic pictures, complications and treatment options.

Eletrodo de marca-passo mal posicionado no ventrículo esquerdo / Pacemaker electrode misplaced in the left ventricle / Electrodo de marcapasos mal posicionado en el ventrículo izquierdo

Relatamos caso de implantação anômala de eletrodo de marca-passo VVI no ventrículo esquerdo (VE), diagnosticada durante avaliação de rotina, dois anos pós-implante. Trata-se de mulher de 65 anos e soropositiva para doença de Chagas. O eletrocardiograma (ECG) apresentava padrão de bloqueio do ramo direito. A radiografia de tórax em perfil mostrou trajeto com curvatura posterior do eletrodo. No ecocardiograma transtorácico, o diagnóstico final mostrou cateter que penetrava o átrio direito, atravessava o septo interatrial e descia pelo átrio esquerdo e orifício valvar mitral para se implantar na parede lateral do VE. Abordam-se os seguintes aspectos relacionados: possíveis trajetos de implantação, quadro clínico, radiológico, eletrocardiográfico, ecocardiográfico, complicações e opções terapêuticas.

This study reports the case of an anomalous implantation of VVI pacemaker electrode in the left ventricle (LV) diagnosed during routine evaluation, two years after implantation. The patient is a 65-year-old woman with Chagas disease. Electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed a pattern of right branch block. Profile chest X-ray showed electrode with posterior curvature path. In transthoracic echocardiography, the diagnosis revealed that the catheter penetrated the right atrium, crossed the atrial septum, descended through the left atrium and mitral valve orifice and deployed on the LV wall. The following related aspects are addressed: potential deployment routes, clinical, radiological, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic pictures, complications and treatment options.

Relatamos caso de implantación anómala de electrodo de marcapasos VVI en el ventrículo izquierdo (VI), diagnosticada durante evaluación de rutina, dos años post implante. Se trata de mujer de 65 años y seropositiva para enfermedad de Chagas. El electrocardiograma (ECG) presentaba estándar de bloqueo de rama derecha. La radiografía de tórax de perfil mostró trayecto con curvatura posterior del electrodo. En el ecocardiograma transtorácico, el diagnóstico final mostró catéter que penetraba el atrio derecho, atravesaba el septo interatrial y descendía por el atrio izquierdo y orificio valvar mitral para implantarse en la pared lateral del VI. Se abordan los siguientes aspectos relacionados: posibles trayectos de implantación, cuadro clínico, radiológico, electrocardiográfico, ecocardiográfico, complicaciones y opciones terapéuticas.