Breast cancer screening and immigrant women-A scoping review of attendance, knowledge, barriers and facilitators.

AIM: The aim of this study was to summarize the latest research reports about immigrant women and attendance in breast cancer screening. DESIGN: Scoping review. METHODS: Literature searches were made in CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Oatd and Oalster. Twenty-three articles were included in the study. Data were analysed with inductive content analysis. RESULTS: Out of data four main categories were formed: attendance rates, incidence, barriers and facilitators, and knowledge and perception. The results show that attendance rates, barriers and facilitators for attendance, knowledge and experience of breast cancer and breast cancer screening differ between several factors such as the woman's migrant background, country of origin, religion, length of stay in the new home country and sociodemographic factors.

"In the Eye of the Storm"-Radiographers' Experience of Working With SARS Covid-19 Patients.

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the spread of Covid-19 a pandemic. An overloaded sampling system was not sufficient, while radiography examinations proved to be reliable in the diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Radiographers are front line workers whose work has contributed to the fight against Covid-19. The aim of the study is to interview and describe radiographers' experiences in caring for SARS-CoV-2 patients. This is a qualitative interview study with ten radiographers, in which both men and women participated, with various backgrounds in radiography positions. The interview study was conducted with the help of open-ended questions and a predetermined interview guide with carefully evaluated questions that allow the interviewee to speak freely about the research topic. The text obtained from the interviews was analyzed according to the model for content analysis. The results of the analyzed material from the interviews resulted in four main categories: surprise, fear, new guidelines, and the front line. The interviewees have raised the coronavirus pandemic as a challenge that has involved new ways of thinking and working. Radiographers are among the thousands of health-care workers who are at the forefront against the coronavirus pandemic. The work of radiographers is imperative in the diagnosis of patients with symptoms related to SARS-CoV-2. Radiography examinations are fundamental in the continuing care chain for Covid-19 patients.

Making the invisible visible: a qualitative study of the values, attitudes and norms of radiologists relating to radiation safety.

Some shortcomings regarding safety have emerged in inspections by the Swedish Radiation Safety Authority of Swedish radiology departments which perform 5.4 million radiological examinations and 100 000 nuclear scans annually. To ensure safety in the healthcare system and to build a strong environment of radiation protection for patients (and for employees) there must be a strong culture of safety. To understand an organization's behaviour, decisions and actions it is important to study its cultural values. The aims of this study were to discuss how values, attitudes and norms affect radiologists' decisions as well as how they influence the implementation of various radiation protection measures. To investigate this, focus group interviews and in-depth individual interviews were performed in a sample from a number of radiology departments at hospitals in Sweden. The results show that the core value was derived from the patients' perspective with the focus on the knowledge that he or she has come to the healthcare system for a particular reason: to discover disease or, in the best case, to be declared healthy. The majority attitudes were based on experiences associated with aspects that the radiologist could not influence. This often concerns increased pressure on radiology investigations from clinics in the various operational units. Under the concept of norms, the radiologists in the study requested that the development of regulations and guidelines should be connected to issues of justification for various radiological queries.

The effect of PACS on the practice of orthopaedic surgeons.

When new information and communication technologies are implemented there are organizational effects. Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) have been implemented not only within radiology but also within the orthopaedic context. We studied the impact of PACS on the work practice and professional role of orthopaedic surgeons in relation to radiologists. Qualitative interviews were performed with 15 surgeons at two hospitals. The interviews were transcribed, analysed and then coded using grounded theory. Three main categories were defined: professional role, diagnostic practice and technology used. There was a shift in orthopaedics from a single to a mixed profession, and from a relatively static practice in interpreting images to a more flexible practice, where every orthopaedic surgeon could view and access images from anywhere at any time, including three-dimensional imaging. It was easier for surgeons to see and interpret the images, and their diagnostic skills became accessible to everyone. The use of PACS also improved the dialogue with patients, according to the respondents. This was necessary in order to explain the treatment options for the patient or the details of the disease. PACS therefore acts as an information and communications technology and users required new knowledge and skills.

The impact of PACS on radiologists' work practice.

This paper identifies and analyzes how the implementation and use of picture archiving and communication system impacts radiologists' work practice. The study is longitudinal from 1999 to 2005 and have a qualitative perspective were data were collected by structured interviews in a total of 46. The interviews were transcribed, analyzed, and coded using grounded theory as an organizing principle. In radiologists' work practice, three main categories were defined: professional role, diagnostic practice, and technology in use. The changing trends within the professional role indicated that radiologists moved from a more individual professional expertise to become more of an actor in a network. The diagnostic practice changed, as reading x-ray films was seen as an art form in 1999, requiring years of training. Once everyone could view digital images, including 3-dimensional technology, it was easier for other clinicians to see and interpret the images and the skills become accessible to everyone. The change in technology in use as a result of the shift to digital images led to an increased specialization of the radiologist.