RESUMO
Introduction: A spot sign on computed tomography angiography (CTA) scan is a widely recognized radiographic indicator of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) used to predict early hematoma expansion. Nonetheless, recent multicenter studies have indicated that its predictive value for hematoma expansion is not as significant as previously stated. Therefore, identifying the reasons for the poor performance of these studies is imperative. Case presentation: A 48-year-old man presented with a 9-hour history of alalia and right limb hemiplegia. Noncontrast computed tomography (CT) revealed a hematoma in the left frontal lobe, while CTA showed a spot sign within the hematoma, leading to a diagnosis of frontal lobe hemorrhage. During the surgical procedure, a blood clot was removed, revealing the presence of 3 mm of saccular tissue resembling an aneurysm. The process of exposing its complete form resulted in its rupture and bleeding. The location of this tissue at the top of the hematoma cavity corresponded to the CTA spot sign. Pathological examination confirmed that the characteristics of the tissue wall were consistent with those of a pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion: This case suggests that more stringent identification criteria should be established in studies predicting ICH expansion using the spot sign on CTA to differentiate and exclude pseudoaneurysms, thereby improving the accuracy of predicting early hematoma expansion using the CTA spot sign.
RESUMO
Intestinal ischemia/reperfusion is a prevalent pathological process that can result in intestinal dysfunction, bacterial translocation, energy metabolism disturbances, and subsequent harm to distal tissues and organs via the circulatory system. Acute lung injury frequently arises as a complication of intestinal ischemia/reperfusion, exhibiting early onset and a grim prognosis. Without appropriate preventative measures and efficacious interventions, this condition may progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome and elevate mortality rates. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms and efficacious treatments remain elusive. This paper synthesizes recent research models and pertinent injury evaluation criteria within the realm of acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. The objective is to investigate the roles of pathophysiological mechanisms like oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis; and to assess the strengths and limitations of current therapeutic approaches for acute lung injury stemming from intestinal ischemia/reperfusion. The goal is to elucidate potential targets for enhancing recovery rates, identify suitable treatment modalities, and offer insights for translating fundamental research into clinical applications.
RESUMO
Zn metal anodes in aqueous batteries experience inhomogeneous deposition and corrosion issues. Herein, we introduced, at a low concentration, dioxane (DX) as an electrolyte additive to stabilize a Zn anode. The oxygen sites of DX endowed it with a strong affinity for Zn and Zn2+, resulting in its adsorption onto the Zn electrode surface and its coordination with Zn2+ locally. The Zn2+-DX species exhibited a decreased lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level relative to those of water-involved components. The DX additive not only inhibited side reactions but also generated a stable solid-electrolyte interphase on the Zn electrode, ensuring a uniform Zn deposition. As a result of including the additive, the cycle life of the Zn symmetric cell was extended from 99 h to 2100 h, and the coulombic efficiency in Zn//Cu cell reached 99.5%.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and unstoppable malignancy. Natural killer T (NKT) cells, characterized by specific markers, play pivotal roles in many tumor-associated pathophysiological processes. Therefore, investigating the functions and complex interactions of NKT cells is great interest for exploring GBM. METHODS: We acquired a single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) dataset of GBM from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to further screen genes subpopulations. Subsequently, we integrated the GBM cohorts from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases to describe different subtypes by consensus clustering and developed a prognostic model by least absolute selection and shrinkage operator (LASSO) and multivariate Cox regression analysis. We further investigated differences in survival rates and clinical characteristics among different risk groups. Furthermore, a nomogram was developed by combining riskscore with the clinical characteristics. We investigated the abundance of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) by CIBERSORT and single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) algorithms. Immunotherapy efficacy assessment was done with the assistance of Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion (TIDE) and The Cancer Immunome Atlas (TCIA) databases. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) experiments and immunohistochemical profiles of tissues were utilized to validate model genes. RESULTS: We identified 945 NKT cells marker genes from scRNA-seq data. Through further screening, 107 genes were accurately identified, of which 15 were significantly correlated with prognosis. We distinguished GBM samples into two distinct subtypes and successfully developed a robust prognostic prediction model. Survival analysis indicated that high expression of NKT cell marker genes was significantly associated with poor prognosis in GBM patients. Riskscore can be used as an independent prognostic factor. The nomogram was demonstrated remarkable utility in aiding clinical decision making. Tumor immune microenvironment analysis revealed significant differences of immune infiltration characteristics between different risk groups. In addition, the expression levels of immune checkpoint-associated genes were consistently elevated in the high-risk group, suggesting more prominent immune escape but also a stronger response to immune checkpoint inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS: By integrating scRNA-seq and bulk RNA-seq data analysis, we successfully developed a prognostic prediction model that incorporates two pivotal NKT cells marker genes, namely, CD44 and TNFSF14. This model has exhibited outstanding performance in assessing the prognosis of GBM patients. Furthermore, we conducted a preliminary investigation into the immune microenvironment across various risk groups that contributes to uncover promising immunotherapeutic targets specific to GBM.
Assuntos
Glioblastoma , Células T Matadoras Naturais , Humanos , Glioblastoma/genética , Prognóstico , Sequência de Bases , RNA-Seq , Microambiente Tumoral/genéticaRESUMO
Background: The IGFBP family of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins has important biological functions in the organism. However, the role of the IGFBP family in low-grade glioma (LGG) has not been fully explored. Methods: We validated the clinical value of the IGFBP family using RNA-seq and clinical data of LGG in the TCGA and constructed an IGFBPScore using LASSO-regression analysis for prognosis prediction, subtype determination, and treatment sensitivity determination. Subsequently, we explored the role of the IGFBP family in the development of LGG using PanCanAtlas data. Results: Our results suggest that most IGFBP family members were aberrantly expressed and were strongly associated with poor prognosis in LGG. By constructing an IGFBPScore representing the IGFBP family, we found that tumor samples with a high IGFBPScore had a glioblastoma-like mutation pattern characterized by IDH1wt, EGFRmut, PTENmut, and NF1mut with hypo-methylation and glioma stem cell (GSC) diversity. In contrast, the low IGFBPScore group was characterized by IDH1mut accompanied by TP53mut, CICmut, and ATRXmut, and had hyper-methylation status as well as the GSC restriction. Additionally, the high-IGFBPScore group had a high inflammation phenotype with increased immune antigenicity and increased infiltration of immune molecules and cells, as well as a high extracellular matrix phenotype and enhanced multiple metabolic pathways compared with the immune-quiet phenotype of the low-IGFBPScore group, which was strongly associated with poor prognosis. Conclusion: Our study provides a summary analysis and a theoretical basis for the biological role and clinical value of the IGFBP family in LGG, providing an important therapeutic target for LGG.
Assuntos
Glioma , Matriz Extracelular/metabolismo , Glioma/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante a Insulina/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a Fator de Crescimento Semelhante a Insulina/metabolismo , PrognósticoRESUMO
Balancing the biodegradability and mechanical integrity of a bioresorbable scaffold (BRS) with time after implantation to match the remodeling of the scaffolded blood vessel is important, but a key challenge in doing so remains. This study presents a novel intercalated structure of a metallic BRS by introducing a nanoscale Zn sacrificial layer between the nitrided Fe platform and the sirolimus-carrying poly(d,l-lactide) drug coating. The PDLLA-Zn-FeN BRS shows a multistage biodegradation behavior, maintaining mechanical integrity at the initial stage and exhibiting accelerated biodegradation at the subsequent stage in both rabbit abdominal aortas and human coronary arteries, where complete biodegradation was observed about 2 years after implantation. The presence of the nanoscale Zn sacrificial layer with an adjustable thickness also contributes to the tunable biodegradation of BRS and allows the reduction of the metallic strut thickness to 53 µm, with radial strength as strong as that of the current permanent drug-eluting stents.
RESUMO
The biochemical effects in marine bivalves exposed to increasing concentrations of treated municipal effluent (TME), as discharged into receiving marine waters, are investigated. The effluent was collected from a municipal sewage treatment plant (STP) in Qingdao (China). Meretrix meretrix were exposed to effluent volume ratio (EVR, ratio of effluent volume accounted for tailwater seawater mixture) 0%, 1%, 5%, 10%, and 20% (v/v) TME for 15 days and the following biochemical responses in gills were measured: (1) the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione (GSH) content, and lipid peroxidation levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as oxidative stress biomarkers; (2) the activity of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) and gluthathione S-transferase (GST), as phase I and phase II conjugation enzymes, respectively; (3) acetylcholinesterase (AChE), as a biomarker of neurotoxicity, and (4) metallothioneins (MTs), as proteins strongly induced by heavy metals. Most of the biochemical indices present high and significant variation frequency (above 50%). There is enhancement in the antioxidant enzymes, EROD, GST, AChE, and MTs, as well as consumption of GSH. The current experimental results suggest that effluent with concentrations less than 20% (v/v) do not cause lipid peroxidation damage. This implies that the activated defense is sufficient to protect the bivalves' gill tissues from cytotoxicity produced by the effluent. Furthermore, GSH, GPx, MTs, and GR are suitable, and sufficiently sensitive, biomarkers to indicate the pollution levels in marine environments receiving such effluent.
Assuntos
Água do Mar , Poluentes Químicos da Água/toxicidade , Acetilcolinesterase/metabolismo , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Bivalves/efeitos dos fármacos , Bivalves/enzimologia , Bivalves/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Citocromo P-450 CYP1A1/metabolismo , Brânquias/efeitos dos fármacos , Brânquias/enzimologia , Brânquias/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Redutase/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Eliminação de Resíduos LíquidosRESUMO
The clam Meretrix meretrix was used as a biomonitor to implement an environmental monitoring program along the coast of Beibu Gulf in October 2011. This program not only analyzed biomarkers including acetylcholinesterase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase and superoxide dismutase activities, total glutathione content and lipid peroxidation level in M. meretrix but also adopted a multi-biomarker approach - integrated biomarker response (IBR) to assess the environmental quality in this ecosystem. In addition, the metal (Hg, As, Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Cr) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) content in the surface sediment at the study area were also measured. The results showed that IBR index was able to distinguish a space trend between sampling sites with different degrees of anthropogenic environmental stress. Integrated contamination degree were displayed in the form of star plots and compared to IBR plots. There was a visual consistency between the pollution level and IBR variation. Based on the results, it was proved that the IBR method coupled with chemical analysis was quite useful for the assessment of environmental pollution in the coastal system.
Assuntos
Bivalves , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Poluição Ambiental/análise , Acetilcolinesterase/análise , Animais , Arsênio/análise , Biomarcadores/análise , Catalase/análise , China , Sedimentos Geológicos/análise , Brânquias/química , Glutationa/análise , Glutationa Peroxidase/análise , Glutationa Transferase/análise , Metais Pesados/análise , Oceanos e Mares , Bifenilos Policlorados/análise , Superóxido Dismutase/análise , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/análise , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To explore the characters of the cervical lymph node metastasis in differentiated thyroid carcinoma, and to provide evidence for proper surgery of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. METHODS: From 1984 to 2000, 99 cases with differentiated thyroid carcinoma were performed thyroidectomy and neck dissection. The patients were followed up. A retrospective analysis was performed. Results In 99 cases with differentiated thyroid carcinoma, there were 61 papillary carcinoma, 13 papillary and follicular mixed carcinoma, 25 follicular carcinoma. According to 2002 UICC TNM classification, 60 cases were staged I, 1 case staged II, 5 cases staged III, 33 cases staged IV. Lobectomy and isthmectomy was performed in 80 cases, lobectomy was resected and opposite subtotal lobectomy in 15 cases, total thyroidectomy in 4 cases. One hundred and four neck dissection were performed in 99 cases (5 cases were bilateral neck dissection ). Among them, 66 (68 sides) were radical neck dissection, 33 (36 sides) were modified neck dissection. Pathological results showed that lymph nodes were positive in 86 sides of 83 cases. The rate of cervical lymph node metastasis was 83.8% (83/99). The positive rates of lymph node were 37.5% (39/104) in level VI and 76.9% (80/104) in II-V, which was statistically different (chi2 = 33.01, P < 0.01). The cervical lymph node metastasis in lateral area (level II-V) and that in VI had not relationship (chi2 = 2.08, P > 0.05). Ten and 15 year survival rates of all 99 cases were 88.3% and 84.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence of lymph node metastasis in level VI and level II was different and no relationship .One can not judge whether lateral neck metastasis by the lymph node statue in level VI only . Although they all had good prognosis, patients with positive nodes in level VI were not worse than that in lateral neck (II-V).