RESUMO
In order to respond to nuclear or radiological emergencies effectively and protect the physical and mental health of the public, the national-, provincial-, municipal- and county-level public health response systems for nuclear or radiological emergencies had been established in China by the end of twentieth century. The health administrative departments at all levels have established professional emergency response teams, continue to improve their own level of emergency response systems and operating mechanisms, enhance the capabilities of radiation injury treatment, radiation monitoring and protection through training and exercises and also pay attention to the logistical support for emergency response. In this article the organizations, management system and capabilities of public health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies in China are briefly introduced. We try to strengthen information exchange and cooperation with foreign counterparts in this field in the future, so as to jointly promote the development of preparedness and response for nuclear or radiological emergencies.
Assuntos
Defesa Civil/organização & administração , Planejamento em Desastres/organização & administração , Desastres , Administração em Saúde Pública , Liberação Nociva de Radioativos , Academias e Institutos/organização & administração , China , Emergências , Poluição Ambiental , Previsões , Equipe de Respostas Rápidas de Hospitais/organização & administração , Humanos , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente/organização & administração , Saúde Pública , Lesões por Radiação/prevenção & controle , Lesões por Radiação/terapia , Monitoramento de Radiação , Proteção Radiológica , Responsabilidade SocialRESUMO
Although vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are under development, the antigen epitopes on the virus and their immunogenicity are poorly understood. Here, we simulate the 3D structures and predict the B cell epitopes on the spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of SARS-CoV-2 using structure-based approaches and validate epitope immunogenicity by immunizing mice. Almost all 33 predicted epitopes effectively induce antibody production, six of these are immunodominant epitopes in individuals, and 23 are conserved within SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and bat coronavirus RaTG13. We find that the immunodominant epitopes of individuals with domestic (China) SARS-CoV-2 are different from those of individuals with imported (Europe) SARS-CoV-2, which may be caused by mutations on the S (G614D) and N proteins. Importantly, we find several epitopes on the S protein that elicit neutralizing antibodies against D614 and G614 SARS-CoV-2, which can contribute to vaccine design against coronaviruses.