The Use of Blended Teaching in Higher Medical Education during the Pandemic Era.

Objective: This study aims to compare the effect of blended teaching and traditional teaching in higher medical education during the pandemic era. Methods: Taking the teaching of neurology as an example, 293 Yangzhou University Clinical Medicine 2016 undergraduate students were selected as the research subjects, and were randomly divided into 2 groups a blended teaching group (n = 148) and a traditional teaching group (n = 145), and received blended teaching and traditional teaching, respectively. The blended teaching was based on a Massive Open Online Course, problem-based learning, and case-based learning and supplemented by Tencent video conferences, QQ messaging groups, and other auxiliary teaching tools. At the end of the course, the teaching effect and satisfaction rate were evaluated through theory assessment, practical skills assessment, and an anonymous questionnaire survey. Results: There were significant differences in theoretical achievements (81.83 ± 6.23 vs 76.79 ± 6.87, P < 0.001) and practical skill achievements (84.74 ± 6.50 vs 78.48 ± 6.53, P < 0.001). In addition, significant differences in all aspects of satisfaction rate were observed between the two groups (all P < 0.001). Conclusion: Blended teaching is beneficial to students' learning and stimulates their enthusiasm, cultivates clinical thinking ability, and improves teaching quality. Thus, it has played a positive role in the reform of higher medical teaching during the pandemic era.

[Community Structure and Activity Analysis of the Nitrifiers in Raw Sewage of Wastewater Treatment Plants].

The communities and activity of nitrifiers collected from the raw sewage of the 2nd and 3rd wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in Xi'an were investigated. FISH results indicated that the (AOB+NOB)/EUB percentages were (5.35±2.1)% and(6.0±2.8)% in the 2nd and 3rd WWTP, respectively. The dominant AOB was Nitrosomonas europaea/Nitrosococcus mobilis lineage and the dominant NOB was Nitrospira, the sub-dominant NOB was Nitrobacter, and coexisted with Nitrococcus, Nitrospina. Respirometric assays showed that the influent nitrifiers were active following a 2-16 hour period of metabolic induction. The ammonium utilized rate was (0.32±0.12) mg·(L·h)-1 and (0.43±0.17) mg·(L·h)-1, nitrite utilized rate was (0.71±0.18) mg·(L·h)-1 and (0.58±0.27) mg·(L·h)-1 for nitrifers in raw sewage fed to the 2nd and 3rd WWTP, respectively. Therefore, nitrifiers were present and active in the raw sewage, and played the role of natural continuous seeding in the activated sludge system. Based on the nitrification activity, the estimated continuous seeding intensity of AOB and NOB was 0.08-0.09 g·(g·d)-1 and 0.11-0.24 g·(g·d)-1, respectively.

[Determination of calceolarioside B in Caulis Akebiae by RP-HPLC].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a quantitative method for calceolarioside B in Caulis Akebiae. METHOD: The samples were separated at 35 degrees C on a Phenomenex Luna C18 column eluted with methanol-water-phosphoric acid (35: 65: 0.05) as mobile phase. Flow rate was at 1.0 mL x min(-1) and the detection wavelength was at 330 nm. RESULT: The calibration curve was linear over the range from 0. 04 to 0. 86 g (r = 0. 9998) and the average recovery was 97.2%. 39 Crude drug materials collected from different areas were determined and the contents of calceolarioside B in Caulis Akebiae were fluctuated from 0. 021% to 0. 745%. CONCLUSION: The method is simple and repeatable and could be used for the quality control of Caulis Akebiae.

[Multi-components quantitation by one marker new method for quality evaluation of Chinese herbal medicine].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a new quality evaluation method for Chinese herbal medicine, using one chemical reference substance to calculate multi-components simultaneously. METHOD: Relative correction factors (RCF) of mutongsaponin B and C to saponin PJ1, a characteristic component as marker, were calcalated in The chromatographic conditions for determination of the three saponins in Caulis Akebiae akebiae as a research model. The contents of saponin PJ1 were determined by external standard method, and those of mutongsaponin B and C were calculated by saponin PJ1 and their RCF. The accuracy of the new method was evaluated by comparing the calculated contents with the determined contents. RESULT: The analysis procedures were validated. There has been no significant difference between the calculated contents and the determined contents, according to the angle cosine value, and the calcalated RCF have confidence value. CONCLUSION: The method of multi-components quantitation by one marker has been verified in caulis akebiae and it is to be a new quality evaluation pattern for Chinese herbal medicines.