Anxiolytic-like effects of a new 1-N substituted analog of melatonin in pinealectomized rats.

In spite of the wide variety of drugs available for treating anxiety, this disorder continues to represent a worldwide health problem that is classified within the first 10 causes of disability. Therefore, the search continues for new antianxiety agents, particularly those not related to benzodiazepines. Even though melatonin has been prescribed as an anxiolytic drug, its use is currently limited due to its short half-life and photo-sensitivity, among other disadvantages. The present study explores the antianxiety properties of a new 1-N substituted melatonin analog, M3C, in pinealectomized rats submitted to two behavioral tests (the cumulative burying behavior paradigm and the elevated plus-maze). Results from both tests show that M3C is effective as an anxiolytic-like agent, at doses lower than any other melatonin analog previously reported. The blocking of these actions by luzindole together with the available data suggests that the anxiolytic properties of M3C are mediated by MT1 and MT2 receptors.

Application of nanoLC-ESI-TOF-MS for the metabolomic analysis of phenolic compounds from extra-virgin olive oil in treated colon-cancer cells.

Crude phenolic extracts (PE) have been obtained from naturally bearing Spanish extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) showing different polyphenol families such as secoiridoids, phenolic alcohols, lignans, and flavones. EVOO-derived complex phenols (especially from the Arbequina variety olive) have been shown to suppress cell growth of SW480 and HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell lines. Inhibition of proliferation by EVOO-PE Arbequina variety extract was accompanied by apoptosis in both colon-cancer-cell lines and a limited G2M cell-cycle arrest in the case of SW480 cells. The metabolized compounds from EVOO-PE in culture medium and cytoplasm of both cell lines were analyzed using nano-liquid chromatography (nanoLC) coupled with electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). The results showed many phenolic compounds and their metabolites both in the culture medium as well as in the cytoplasm. The main compounds identified from EVOO-PE were hydroxylated luteolin and decarboxymethyl oleuropein aglycone.

[Neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia syndrome]. / Sintomas neuropsiquiatricos en el sindrome demencial.

AIMS: The aim of this study was to describe the neuropsychiatric disorders that present in dementia and the differences they show at each stage as the disease progresses. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study involved a total of 175 patients from a psychogeriatric clinic who had been diagnosed as suffering from dementia at distinct stages of the disease: 66 had mild dementia, 56 were with moderate dementia and 53 were suffering from severe dementia. The following instruments were used to collect both socio demographic and clinical data: the Spanish version of the Mini Mental State Examination (miniexamen cognitivo: MEC) for cognitive impairment, the Barthel index for functional deterioration and the neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) for the non cognitive symptoms. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in the NPI according to the degree of cognitive impairment and the most frequently seen symptoms were anomalous motor activity, apathy and irritability; the neuropsychiatric disorder that was least often present was euphoria. The presence of disinhibition, irritability, depression, hallucinations and anomalous motor activity varied significantly in the different phases of dementia. Thus, disinhibition, irritability and depression were more frequent in the initial stages of the disease whereas hallucinations and anomalous motor activity were seen more often when the cognitive impairment was severe. CONCLUSIONS: Neuropsychiatric disorders appear throughout the whole course of dementia and symptoms vary according to the stage of the disease.

Penetrating chest gunshot wounds: conservative treatment.

Gunshot wounds, and in particular chest gunshot wounds, are becoming a growing problem in daily practice at many hospitals. Many authors propose a conservative attitude in certain cases. We present a patient with a chest gunshot wound successfully solved under conservative means and videothoracoscopic removal of the bullet.

[The influence of the chemo-mechanical removal of the smear-layer and the use of a dentin adhesive on microleakage of composite resin restorations]. / Influencia de la remoción químico-mecánica del "smear-layer" y la presencia de un adhesivo dentinario en la microfiltración de restauraciones de resina compuesta.

We present an "in vitro" study of microfiltration in composite resin restorations with a perimetral seal placed totally in cement. We compare the sealing capability of a dentin adhesive (ScotchBond I) used in two ways: habitual, without conditioning dentin and conditioning it by means of the Caridex system. This produced no increasing of sealing capability under the study conditions.