The effect of biopolymer gel derived from sugarcane on healing of traumatic oral ulcers: an experimental study.

PURPOSE: The extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) is produced by the bacterium Zoogloea sp. and plays a positive role in tissue repair. The purpose of this study was to clinically and histologically compare the effects of EPS in the healing of traumatic oral ulcers in rats with the effects of triamcinolone. METHODS: Ulcers were induced in the oral mucous of 45 male Wistar rats, divided into three groups: control group, treated with triamcinolone, and treated with biopolymer gel. In the clinical evaluation, we considered the weight variation of the animals and the size of the lesion area, at baseline and on treatment days 1, 3 and 7. The histological parameters evaluated were the type and intensity of the inflammatory infiltration, the presence of necrosis and foreign body granuloma and the degree of re-epithelialization of the lesion. RESULTS: The reduction of the lesion area was greater in the animals treated with EPS, with no difference in the intensity of the inflammatory infiltration between the groups on days 3 and 7 of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that topical application of EPS in traumatic oral ulcers of rats promotes faster repair than triamcinolone ointment, without increasing the intensity of inflammatory infiltration under the lesion.

Oral Medicine and Pharmacology Teleconsulting Sessions of the Telehealth Program in one Southeastern State of Brazil

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate questions concerning oral medicineand pharmacology-related specialties of asynchronous dental teleconsulting sessions of the Telehealth Brazil Networks Program. Material and Methods: Data were collected from secondary databases of asynchronous dental teleconsulting sessions of the telehealth centers of Minas Gerais from July 2015 to July 2017. The variables for dental underlying fields and the types of questions were evaluated. Descriptive analysis was performed with the SPSS v.22.0 program. Results: 3,920 teleconsulting sessions were referred to the telehealth centers of Minas Gerais during the study period. Regarding oral medicine-related questions (n=745), most (n=469; 62.95%) addressed diagnosis, whereas the underlying field questions mostly regarded fungal, viral, and bacterial infections (17.3%), biopsies (16.4%), developmental defects and dental abnormalities (9.9%), and soft tissue tumors (9.4%). Pharmacology-related questions (n=738) mostly addressed general approaches (n=672; 91.06%), and the most common questions were about underlying fields' prescriptions (44.7%), anesthetics (17.6%), adverse effects of medications and anesthetics (10.2%), and selection of anesthetics for patients with systemic conditions (9.8%). Conclusion: Most teleconsulting sessions regarded conditions or procedures common in primary health care and essential for diagnosis and treatment planning at all care levels, which suggests a need for more academic learning processes for healthcare professionals, especially in dentistry primary fields.

Predictive model for temporomandibular disorder in adolescents: Decision tree.

BACKGROUND: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) do not only occur in adults but also in adolescents, with negative impacts on their development. AIM: To propose a predictive model for TMD in adolescents using a decision tree (DT) analysis and to identify groups at high and low risk of developing TMD in the city of Recife, PE, Brazil. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Recife on 1342 schoolchildren of both sexes aged 10-17 years. The analyses were performed using Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test, as well as the CHAID algorithm for the construction of the DT. The SPSS statistical program was used. RESULTS: The prevalence of TMD was 33.2%. Statistically significant associations were observed between TMD and sex, depression, self-reported orofacial pain, and orofacial pain on clinical examination. The DT consisted of self-reported orofacial pain, orofacial pain on physical examination, and depression, with an overall predictive power of 73.0%. CONCLUSION: The proposed tree has a good predictive capacity and permits to identify groups at high risk of developing TMD among adolescents, such as those with self-reported orofacial pain or orofacial pain on examination associated with depression.

Impact of socioeconomic vulnerability on Covid-19 outcomes and social distancing in Brazil / Impacto da vulnerabilidade socioeconômica nos resultados da Covid-19 e no distanciamento social no Brasil / Impacto de la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica en los resultados del Covid-19 y el distanciamiento social en Brasil

Due to the persistently high cases and deaths, Brazil became one of the worst countries affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Understanding the possible health inequities is essential, given the population's diversity and the country's fragile socioeco- nomic situation. Thus, this study aimed to assess the impact and correlation of socioeco- nomic vulnerability on COVID-19 outcomes and social distancing in Brazil. The Gini Coefficient (GC), the Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), epidemiological data on the CO- VID-19 epidemic in Brazil, and the Social Distancing Index (SDI) were retrieved from online databases and assessed for each Brazilian state. Data was statistically analyzed through non-parametric tests and multiple linear regressions. The mean values for the GC and SVI were 0.495 and 0.261, respectively. A positive statistically significant correlation was found between the socioeconomic indicators and the three variables related to the COVID-19 outbreak. States with very low social vulnerability presented fewer deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants due to COVID-19 than states with moderate social vulnerability. SVI was a predictor of accumulated cases, confirmed deaths, and social distancing. The COVID-19 outcomes and SDI in Brazilian states are correlated to socioeconomic condi- tions. The pandemic impacts are more severe on less favored communities.

Devido ao número persistentemente alto de casos e mortes, o Brasil se tornou um dos países mais afetados pela pandemia da COVID-19. Compreender as possíveis desigualdades em saúde é essencial, dada a diversidade da população e a frágil situação socioeconômica do país. Assim, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o impacto e a correlação da vulnerabilidade socioeconômica sobre os resultados da COVID-19 e o dis- tanciamento social no Brasil. O Coeficiente de Gini (CG), o Índice de Vulnerabilidade Social (IVS), os dados epidemiológicos sobre a epidemia de COVID-19 no Brasil e o Índice de Distanciamento Social (IDS) foram recuperados de bancos de dados on-line e avaliados para cada estado brasileiro. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente por meio de testes não paramétricos e regressões lineares múltiplas. Os valores médios para o GC e o SVI foram 0,495 e 0,261, respectivamente. Foi encontrada uma correlação po- sitiva estatisticamente significativa entre os indicadores socioeconômicos e as três variá- veis relacionadas ao surto de COVID-19. Os estados com vulnerabilidade social muito baixa apresentaram menos mortes por 100 mil habitantes devido à COVID-19 do que os estados com vulnerabilidade social moderada. O IVS foi um preditor de casos acumula- dos, mortes confirmadas e distanciamento social. Os resultados da COVID-19 e o SDI nos estados brasileiros estão correlacionados às condições socioeconômicas. Os impactos da pandemia são mais graves nas comunidades menos favorecidas.

Debido a la persistencia de un elevado número de casos y muertes, Brasil se convirtió en uno de los países más afectados por la pandemia de COVID-19. Compren- der las posibles desigualdades sanitarias es esencial, dada la diversidad de la población y la frágil situación socioeconómica del país. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el impacto y la correlación de la vulnerabilidad socioeconómica en los resultados del CO- VID-19 y el distanciamiento social en Brasil. El Coeficiente de Gini (CG), el Índice de Vulnerabilidad Social (IVS), datos epidemiológicos sobre la epidemia de COVID-19 en Brasil y el Índice de Distanciamiento Social (IDS) fueron recuperados de bases de datos en línea y evaluados para cada estado brasileño. Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente mediante pruebas no paramétricas y regresiones lineales múltiples. Los valores medios del CG y del IVS fueron 0,495 y 0,261, respectivamente. Se encontró una correlación estadísticamente significativa positiva entre los indicadores socioeconómicos y las tres variables relacionadas con el brote de COVID-19. Los estados con vulnerabilidad social muy baja presentaron una mayor vulnerabilidad social. Los estados con muy baja vulne- rabilidad social presentaron menos muertes por cada 100 mil habitantes debidas al CO- VID-19 que los estados con vulnerabilidad social moderada. El IVS fue un predictor de casos acumulados, muertes confirmadas y distanciamiento social. Los resultados de la COVID-19 y el IVS en los estados brasileños están correlacionados con las condiciones socioeconómicas. Los impactos de la pandemia son más severos en las comunidades me- nos favorecidas.

Biological properties of Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi essential oil

Abstract Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi green fruits essential oil (EO) was evaluated regarding its phytochemical profile, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities, and toxicity. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was applied to identify its constituents, thereafter the minimum inhibitory concentration, minimum bactericidal and fungicidal concentrations, and its antibiofilm activity were evaluated. The EO cytotoxicity was assessed in tumor and non-tumor human cells, and in vivo toxicity was evaluated in a Galleria mellonella model. The major constituents of S. terebinthifolia EO were alpha-phellandrene and beta-phellandrene. The EO had a weak activity against all strains of Candida albicans (MIC 1000µg/mL) and had no activity against non-albicans strains, bacteria, and C. albicans biofilm. Cytostatic activity against all tumor cell lines was shown. Additionally, cell viability remained at EO concentrations up to 62.5 µg/mL. At 16 mg/mL, 50% hemolysis was observed, and it had low toxicity in vivo. Overall, the S. terebinthifolia EO was characterized by low antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, with no evidence of toxicity to human tumor and non-tumor cells

Epidemiological evaluation of jaw cysts according to the new WHO classification: a 30-year retrospective analysis.

The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiology of maxillofacial odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts diagnosed for 30 years in a Brazilian population. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from the archives of a Brazilian referral center between 1989 and 2019. Data regarding age, gender, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and categorized. Further, a literature search for similar studies was performed. A total of 6.994 biopsy records were evaluated, but only 367 (5.24%) cases were classified as odontogenic cysts (OC) or non-odontogenic cysts (NOC). Among all cystic lesions, 341 cases (92.9%) were OC and 26 cases (7.1%) were NOC. These lesions were more common in females (n = 208 / 56.67%) and located mostly in the mandible (n = 195 / 53.1%). In patients with OC, the radicular cyst was the most frequent (n = 134 / 36.5%), followed by the dentigerous cyst (n = 101 / 27.5%) and the odontogenic keratocyst (n = 52 / 14.2%). Patients with NOC had a higher frequency of epidermoid cyst (n = 12 / 3.3%), oral lymphoepithelial cyst (n = 7 / 1.9%), and nasopalatine duct cyst (n = 4 / 1.1%). The OCs were more prevalent than NOCs, and inflammatory cysts were the most common among all the OCs.

Evaluation of dental trauma in inmates of the most highly populated Brazilian prison complex.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Due to the increase in incarceration rates, the prison community has attracted much concern in the recent past. Although people in prison are often socially disadvantaged and vulnerable to a range of health problems, there is a lack of information on the oral health conditions of prisoners. Thus, the aim of this study was to survey the oral problems of a sample of the male incarcerated population of Brazil, focusing on dental trauma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research was undertaken over a three-month period in 2017. It was a cross-sectional study of 756 prisoners of the Curado Prison Complex, located in Recife, PE. Using a previously calibrated examiner, dental trauma was measured with the Andreasen index. Etiology of dental trauma and socio-demographic data were collected with questions developed for this survey. Standard descriptive statistics were used to report frequency estimates. The chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare groups. In addition, a binary logistic regression was performed to identify whether the studied variables could predict the occurrence of dental trauma. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental trauma in the sample was 10.8% and most of the cases (42.7%) occurred due to violent events. A higher frequency of violent etiology was observed in cases that occurred during imprisonment (p = 0.037). Individuals that suffered dental trauma during incarceration were more likely to have been incarcerated for longer periods of time (p = 0.043). The main type of injury found was enamel and dentin fracture without pulp exposure (68%). The most affected tooth was the upper right central incisor (40%). CONCLUSION: These results underline the high prevalence of dental trauma experienced by men in prison.

Salivary and Serum Biochemical Analysis from Patients with Chronic Renal Failure in Hemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare salivary and serum biochemical levels in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Material and Methods: The sample was composed of 57 patients treated in Hemodialysis Reference Centers, from a state of Northeastern Brazilian, with age ≥21 years old with at least 3 months of hemodialysis treatment time. Serum data were obtained from records. Unstimulated and stimulated saliva were collected. Flow rate (mL/min) was measured. Spectrophotometry was performed for the measurement of salivary levels of calcium (570 nm), urea (340 nm), and creatinine (510 nm). Statistical analysis used Mann Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests (p<0.05). Results: Unstimulated and stimulated salivary flow rates were 0.43 mL/min and 1.69 mL/min, respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.001) of levels of calcium (5.41 mg/dL and 9.70 mg/dL), urea (118.03 mg/dL and 183.22 mg/dL) and creatinine (0.59 mg/dL and 9.20 mg/dL) between saliva and serum, respectively. Concerning the time of hemodialysis, salivary and serum calcium not exhibited significant association; however, serum urea (p=0.012) and serum creatinine (p=0.025) showed significant association to the time of hemodialysis. Conclusion: Salivary biochemical levels of urea, creatinine and calcium can indicate the presence of a possible chronic renal failure and the saliva demonstrated to be a potential auxiliary biofluid for clinical monitoring renal alterations.

Epidemiological evaluation of jaw cysts according to the new WHO classification: a 30-year retrospective analysis

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to analyze the epidemiology of maxillofacial odontogenic and non-odontogenic cysts diagnosed for 30 years in a Brazilian population. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Biopsy records were obtained from the archives of a Brazilian referral center between 1989 and 2019. Data regarding age, gender, anatomical location, and histopathological diagnosis were collected and categorized. Further, a literature search for similar studies was performed. A total of 6.994 biopsy records were evaluated, but only 367 (5.24%) cases were classified as odontogenic cysts (OC) or non-odontogenic cysts (NOC). Among all cystic lesions, 341 cases (92.9%) were OC and 26 cases (7.1%) were NOC. These lesions were more common in females (n = 208 / 56.67%) and located mostly in the mandible (n = 195 / 53.1%). In patients with OC, the radicular cyst was the most frequent (n = 134 / 36.5%), followed by the dentigerous cyst (n = 101 / 27.5%) and the odontogenic keratocyst (n = 52 / 14.2%). Patients with NOC had a higher frequency of epidermoid cyst (n = 12 / 3.3%), oral lymphoepithelial cyst (n = 7 / 1.9%), and nasopalatine duct cyst (n = 4 / 1.1%). The OCs were more prevalent than NOCs, and inflammatory cysts were the most common among all the OCs.

The use of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in infectious oral lesions of patients with leukemia under antineoplastic treatment: Two case reports.

Opportunistic infections in the oral cavity can cause serious complications in immunocompromised cancer patients. Efficient treatments options are essential. This article reports two clinical cases of adolescent patients diagnosed with leukemia, who presented with infectious conditions in the oral cavity. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy was used as an adjuvant therapy to abbreviate the course of these oral lesions.

Chemical Composition, Antibacterial and Antifungal Potential of an Extract From the Leaves of Guapira Graciliflora Mart. Against Oral Microorganisms of Dental Interest

Abstract Objective: To perform an in vitro analysis of antibacterial and antifungal potential of an alcoholic extract from the leaves of Guapira Graciliflora Mart. against oral microorganisms and determine its chemical composition. Material and Methods: A hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves form G. graciliflora was obtained through maceration, vacuum concentration and freeze-drying. Antibacterial and antifungal activities were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, Streptococcus mitis and strains of Candida albicans using broth microdilution method. Phytochemical analysis determined the total phenolic compounds, protein concentration and total of sugars present in the extract. Results: G. Graciliflora demonstrated antifungal activity against the LM 11 and LM 410 clinical isolates of C. albicans (MIC 0.5 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL, respectively). The other microorganisms tested were resistant to the extract. The phytochemical analysis revealed 3% proteins, 13% total sugars and 17% phenolic compounds. Conclusion: G. Graciliflora has antifungal activity against clinical strains of C. albicans and exhibits proteins, sugars and phenolic compounds in its chemical composition.

Anadenanthera Colubrina vell Brenan: anti-Candida and antibiofilm activities, toxicity and therapeutical action.

We evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of bark from Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan, known as Angico, against Candida spp. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution technique through the Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicide Concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was tested in mature biofilms formed by Candida species and analyzed through the counting of CFU/mL and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). In vivo toxicity and therapeutic action was evaluated in the Galleria mellonella model. The treatment with the extract, in low doses, was able to reduce the growth of planktonic cells of Candida species. MIC values range between 19.5 and 39 µg/mL and MFC values range between 79 and 625 µg/mL. In addition was able to reduce the number of CFU/mL in biofilms and to cause structural alteration and cellular destruction, observed via SEM. A. colubrina showed low toxicity in the in vivo assay, having not affected the viability of the larvae at doses below 100mg/kg and high potential in the treatment of C. albicans infection. Considering its high antifungal potential, its low toxicity and potential to treatment of infections in in vivo model, A. colubrina extract is a strong candidate for development of a new agent for the treatment of oral candidiasis.

Anadenanthera Colubrina vell Brenan: anti-Candida and antibiofilm activities, toxicity and therapeutical action

Abstract: We evaluated the antifungal and antibiofilm potential of the hydroalcoholic extract of bark from Anadenanthera colubrina (vell.) Brenan, known as Angico, against Candida spp. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the microdilution technique through the Minimum Inhibitory and Fungicide Concentrations (MIC and MFC). The antibiofilm potential was tested in mature biofilms formed by Candida species and analyzed through the counting of CFU/mL and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). In vivo toxicity and therapeutic action was evaluated in the Galleria mellonella model. The treatment with the extract, in low doses, was able to reduce the growth of planktonic cells of Candida species. MIC values range between 19.5 and 39 µg/mL and MFC values range between 79 and 625 µg/mL. In addition was able to reduce the number of CFU/mL in biofilms and to cause structural alteration and cellular destruction, observed via SEM. A. colubrina showed low toxicity in the in vivo assay, having not affected the viability of the larvae at doses below 100mg/kg and high potential in the treatment of C. albicans infection. Considering its high antifungal potential, its low toxicity and potential to treatment of infections in in vivo model, A. colubrina extract is a strong candidate for development of a new agent for the treatment of oral candidiasis.

Clinical and histopathological study of actinic cheilitis / Estudo clínico e histopatológico das queilites actínicas

Abstract Introduction Actinic cheilitis is a inflammatory condition affecting mainly the lower lip and it is caused by chronic and excessive exposure of the lips to the ultraviolet radiation in sunlight. Objective Identifying clinical and histopathologic characteristics in 40 cases histopathologically diagnosed as actinic cheilitis. In addition, to investigate possible associations between these aspects. Method Defined as an observational, transversal, retrospective and descriptive study, it registered data regarding age, gender, occupation, symptomatology, records of sun exposure, frequency of sunblock use, tabagism, skin color, clinical aspect and histopathological classification. The data was submitted to the chi square test of Pearson (p<0.05). Result There was a predominance of male gender, leucodermia, and ages ranging between 50 and 60 years. The most common occupation was farming. From our sample, 85% had history of chronic sun exposure, in which 50% reported the use of some type of sunblock and only 25% were smokers. The main clinical condition was non-ulcerated leukoplakia and in the histopathological study, the hyperkeratosis were more common. A correlation between the degree of tissue alteration verified in the histopathological diagnosis and the studied clinical variables was not established (p=0.112). Conclusion The clinical aspect of the wound can conceal tissue alterations in different stages, emphasizing the importance of a premature diagnosis.

Resumo Introdução A queilite actínica e uma condição de natureza inflamatória que acomete o lábio inferior, e é causada pela exposição prolongada e crônica dos lábios à radiação ultravioleta proveniente dos raios solares. Objetivo Identificar as características clínicas e histopatológicas em uma série de 40 casos diagnosticados histopatologicamente como queilite actínica. Além disso, investigar possíveis associações entre estes aspectos. Método Caracterizado como um estudo observacional, transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo. Foram registrados dados a respeito da idade, gênero, ocupação, sintomatologia, histórico de exposição ao sol, uso de proteção solar, tabagismo, cor da pele, aspecto clínico e classificação histopatológica. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste de Qui-Quadrado de Pearson (p<0,05). Resultado Houve uma prevalência do gênero masculino, leucodermas, com faixa etária entre 50 e 60 anos e a ocupação mais presente foi a de agricultor. Da amostra, 85% apresentou histórico de exposição crônica ao sol, onde 50% relatou uso de algum tipo de proteção solar e apenas 25% era tabagista. A principal apresentação clínica foi leucoplasia não ulcerada, e no estudo histopatológico as hiperceratoses foram as mais presentes. Não foi possível correlacionar o grau de alteração tecidual verificada no diagnóstico histopatológico com as variáveis clínicas estudadas (p=0,112). Conclusão Não foi possível correlacionar o grau de alteração tecidual verificada no diagnóstico histopatológico com os aspectos clínicos observados. O aspecto clínico da lesão pode mascarar alterações teciduais em diversos estágios, o que enaltece a importância do diagnóstico precoce.

Antifungal, antibiofilm, and antiproliferative activities of Guapira graciliflora Mart.

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antifungal, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities of the extract from the leaves of Guapira graciliflora Mart. The phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the extract and its fractions was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against species of Candida. The inhibition of C. albicans biofilm was evaluated based on the number of colony-forming units (CFU) and metabolic activity (MTT). The antiproliferative activity of the extract and its fraction was evaluated in the presence of human tumor and non-tumor cells, and the cytotoxicity of the extract was determined on the RAW 264.7 macrophage line - both using the sulforhodamine B method. The phytochemical characterization indicated the presence of the flavonoids rutin and kaempferol. The extract and the methanol fraction exhibited moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata, and strong activity against C. dubliniensis. In the biofilms at 24 and 48 hours, the concentration of 12500 µg/mL of the extract was the most effective at reducing the number of CFU s/mL (44.4% and 42.9%, respectively) and the metabolic activity of C. albicans cells (34.6% and 52%, respectively). The extract and its fractions had no antiproliferative effect on the tumor lines tested, with mean activity (log GI50) equal to or greater than 1.71 µg/mL. Macrophage cell viability remained higher than 80% for concentrations of the extract of up to 62.5 µg/mL. G. graciliflora has flavonoids in its chemical composition and demonstrates potential antifungal and antibiofilm activity, with no evidence of a significant change in the viability of human tumor and non-tumor cell lines.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Galectins-1, -3, and -7 in Periapical Granulomas, Radicular Cysts, and Residual Radicular Cysts.

INTRODUCTION: Galectins play important roles in immunoinflammatory responses, but their participation in the development of periapical lesions remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the expressions of galectins-1, -3, and -7 in periapical lesions, correlating them with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate and the pattern of the cystic epithelium. METHODS: Twenty periapical granulomas (PGs), 20 radicular cysts (RCs), and 20 residual radicular cysts (RRCs) were submitted to immunohistochemistry using anti-galectin-1, -3, and -7 antibodies. The percentage of immunopositive cells in epithelial and connective tissues was determined. RESULTS: In connective tissue, PGs exhibited higher cytoplasmic/membrane expression of galectins-1 and -7 than RCs and RRCs (P < .05). There was higher nuclear expression of galectin-1 in PGs compared with RCs and RRCs (P < .05). The expression of galectins-1 and -7 in connective tissue was higher in lesions with grade III inflammation (P < .05). No significant differences in galectin-3 immunoexpression were observed for any of the parameters evaluated (P > .05). In the epithelial component, a higher nuclear expression of galectin-7 was detected in RRCs (P < .05), and a higher cytoplasmic/membrane expression of this protein was found in cysts with hyperplastic epithelium (P < .05). Positive correlations were observed between the nuclear and cytoplasmic/membrane expression of galectin-1 in connective tissue (P < .05) as well as between the nuclear and cytoplasmic/membrane expression of galectin-7 in epithelial tissue of cysts (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Galectins-1 and -7 may play important roles in the pathogenesis of PGs, RCs, and RRCs. On the other hand, the present results suggest only a minor involvement of galectin-3 in the development of these lesions.

Relationship Between Occlusal Features and Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Patients With Mucopolysaccharidoses.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to describe the relation between occlusal features and enzyme replacement therapy in patients with mucopolysaccharidoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 20 patients with mucopolysaccharidoses, 10 of whom were undergoing treatment at a hospital in northeast Brazil. Occlusal features were evaluated by clinical examination and panoramic radiography. A structured questionnaire was administered to evaluate the dental care of each patient. Pearson χ2, Fisher exact, and Mann-Whitney tests were used for data analysis, with a level of significance of 5%. RESULTS: Marked overjet (75%) and anterior open bite (70%) were the most frequent occlusal alterations, and 15% had Class III disorders. Radiography visualized the presence of impacted teeth (75%) and prolonged retention of deciduous teeth (65%). Patients with enzyme replacement therapy had a lower average maximum protrusion (P = .033). A total of 75% of mothers said they had not been advised to take their children to the dentist and 10% of children had never been to the dentist. CONCLUSION: Patients with mucopolysaccharidoses exhibited notable occlusal alterations, especially marked overjet and anterior open bite. Enzyme replacement therapy seems to influence the maximum protrusion of patients.

Antifungal, antibiofilm, and antiproliferative activities of Guapira graciliflora Mart

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the antifungal, antibiofilm and antiproliferative activities of the extract from the leaves of Guapira graciliflora Mart. The phytochemical characterization of the extract was performed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The antimicrobial activity of the extract and its fractions was evaluated using the broth microdilution method against species of Candida. The inhibition of C. albicans biofilm was evaluated based on the number of colony-forming units (CFU) and metabolic activity (MTT). The antiproliferative activity of the extract and its fraction was evaluated in the presence of human tumor and non-tumor cells, and the cytotoxicity of the extract was determined on the RAW 264.7 macrophage line - both using the sulforhodamine B method. The phytochemical characterization indicated the presence of the flavonoids rutin and kaempferol. The extract and the methanol fraction exhibited moderate antifungal activity against C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata, and strong activity against C. dubliniensis. In the biofilms at 24 and 48 hours, the concentration of 12500 µg/mL of the extract was the most effective at reducing the number of CFU s/mL (44.4% and 42.9%, respectively) and the metabolic activity of C. albicans cells (34.6% and 52%, respectively). The extract and its fractions had no antiproliferative effect on the tumor lines tested, with mean activity (log GI50) equal to or greater than 1.71 µg/mL. Macrophage cell viability remained higher than 80% for concentrations of the extract of up to 62.5 µg/mL. G. graciliflora has flavonoids in its chemical composition and demonstrates potential antifungal and antibiofilm activity, with no evidence of a significant change in the viability of human tumor and non-tumor cell lines.

Occupation and oral cavity and pharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study / Ocupação e carcinoma de células escamosas de cavidade oral e faríngea: um estudo de caso-controle

Purpose: The aim of the present case-control study was to investigate whether there was any association between occupation and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in a Brazilian population. Methods: This population-based study investigated an occupation that was classified according to the International Standard Classification of Occupations. The sample consisted of 665 individuals, of whom 133 were cases of OSCC, selected from reference hospitals for cancer in Paraíba; and 532 were part of a control group, paired by age, gender, place and smoking habit, who participated in the study. Results: There was statistically significant association between OSCC and occupation (p<0.001), alcohol consumption (p<0.001) and marital status (p=0.003). The variables marital status, occupation, alcoholism and smoking were shown to be statistically associated with the development of cancer of the oropharynx with Odds Ratio (OR) ranging from 1.8 to 11.2 Conclusion: Occupational exposure to chemical and physical carcinogenic substances, as well as the condition of living with a partner may be raised as possible risk factors for the development of cancer of the mouth and oropharynx.

Objetivo: O presente estudo de caso-controle teve como objetivo investigar se existe associação entre ocupação e carcinoma de células escamosas orais (OSCC) em uma população brasileira. Métodos: Este estudo populacional investigou a ocupação que foi classificada de acordo com a Norma Internacional de Classificação de Ocupações. Foram incluídos 665 indivíduos, sendo 133 casos de OSCC, selecionados de hospitais de referência para câncer na Paraíba e 532 participantes do grupo controle, pareados por idade, sexo, local e tabagismo. Resultados: Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre ocupação (p<0,001), consumo de álcool (p<0,001) e estado civil (p=0,003). As variáveis estado civil, ocupação, alcoolismo e tabagismo mostraram-se estatisticamente associadas ao desenvolvimento de câncer da orofaringe com Odds Ratio (OR) entre 1,8 e 11,2. Conclusão: A exposição ocupacional às substâncias químicas e físicas cancerígenas, bem como a condição de viver com um parceiro podem aumentar a possibilidade de fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de câncer de boca e orofaringe.

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst associated with multinucleated giant cell reaction: report of unusual findings / Cisto odontogênico ortoceratinizado associado à reação de células gigantes multinucleadas: relato de achados incomuns

ABSTRACT Orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts are developmental odontogenic cysts, presenting with low frequency, low rate of recurrence and their ethiopathogenesis is unknown. Radiographically, they show a radiolucent area in the mandibular posterior region. The aim of this report is to describe an unusual case of orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts, radiographically exhibiting radiopaque areas with an aspect of calcifications in the lesion. Based on this, the clinical hypothesis of ameloblastic fibro-odontoma was suggested. After incisional biopsy and microscopic analysis, the conclusive diagnosis was orthokeratinized odontogenic cysts. The radiopaque foci were observed to be associated with a foreign body reaction. The patient was submitted to surgery under local anesthesia, with intraoral access for complete excision of the lesion and to re-establish esthetics. After follow-up of 24 months there were no signs of recurrence. Knowledge of this type of reaction is important because of the risk that the lesion may mimic a potentially more aggressive lesion, affecting the choice of treatment.

RESUMO Os cistos odontogênicos ortoceratinizados são cistos de desenvolvimento de origem odontogênica, de baixa frequência, etiopatogenia desconhecida e baixa taxa de recorrência. Radiograficamente, apresenta-se como uma área radiolúcida em região posterior de mandíbula. O objetivo deste artigo é descrever um caso não usual de cistos odontogênicos ortoceratinizados, que exibia, radiograficamente, focos radiopacos semelhantes à calcificações, no interior da lesão, sugerindo diagnóstico clínico de fibro-odontoma ameloblástico. Após a biópsia incisional e análise microscópica, o diagnóstico conclusivo foi de cistos odontogênicos ortoceratinizados. Observou-se que os focos radiopacos estavam associados, microscopicamente, a presença de uma reação de células gigantes multinucleadas por corpo estranho. O paciente foi tratado cirurgicamente, sob anestesia local, com acesso intrabucal para remoção total da lesão, com o restabelecimento da estética e sem sinais de recidiva após 24 meses. A importância do conhecimento deste tipo de reação dar-se pelo risco de mimetizar uma lesão potencialmente mais agressiva, direcionando a escolha do tratamento da lesão.