Mobile Application Increased Nutrition Knowledge Among Brazilian Physicians.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether using a Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet recommendation application increases primary care physicians' knowledge and dietary counseling skills. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Brazilian public primary care service. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and twenty-two physicians (intervention group: n = 111; control group: n = 111). INTERVENTION: Thirty days of using the Dieta Dash application. The application provides information about nutritional recommendations for hypertension management. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Nutrition knowledge score. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: self-assessment of knowledge, self-confidence, assessment of eating habits, and barriers to dietary counseling. ANALYSIS: Linear mixed-effects models for repeated measures and generalized estimating equations for comparing changes between groups. RESULTS: A total of 66.2% of participants completed the follow-up. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding the mean knowledge score (P = 0.15). The prevalence of high knowledge increased by 12% (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.12; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.00-1.25) in the intervention group and showed an improvement in the self-confidence assessment (PR = 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.44), and increased assessment of eating habits (PR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.10-1.55). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: The Dieta Dash application helped address dietary counseling, improving knowledge and self-confidence. However, innovative strategies are needed to minimize the primary care barriers.

Reason for referrals to neurology: a community-based study in Brazil / Motivos de derivación a neurología: un estudio de base comunitaria en Brasil / Motivos de encaminhamentos para neurologia: um estudo de base comunitária no Brasil

Objective:to quantify the reasons for referrals of primary care physicians to neurology in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Method:cross-sectional study evaluating referrals from Primary Care to the specialty of Neurology in Belo Horizonte, registered in the NOVO SISREG regulatory system, from March 2019 to July 2020. Neurologists or family physicians from the Regula Mais Brasil project, with experience in referral protocols for neurology, carried out the evaluation of the main diagnoses. Results:13,844 referrals to neurology were identified, with an average of 814.35 referrals per month. Headache, epilepsy and cerebrovascular disorders were the most common reasons, accounting for 55.5% of referrals. Other neurological conditions identified less frequently were parkinsonism, tremor, syncope and vertigo, responsible for 10.9% of referrals. Conclusion:most referrals did not prioritize only neurology expertise. It is possible that cultural aspects and the routine of physicians, health services and the community itself determined these referrals, raising awareness about the high demand, waiting time and possible clinical conditions that are soon ceasing to be managed by other specialties that also share these skills.

Objetivo:cuantificar los motivos de derivación de médicos de atención primaria a neurología en Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Método:estudio transversalque evaluó las derivaciones de la Atención Primaria a la especialidad de Neurología en Belo Horizonte, registradas en el sistema regulatorio NOVO SISREG, de marzo de 2019 a julio de 2020. Neurólogos o médicos de familia del proyecto Regula Mais Brasil, con experiencia en protocolos de derivación para neurología, realizó la evaluación de los principales diagnósticos. Resultados:se identificaron 13.844 derivaciones a neurología, con una media de 814,35 derivaciones al mes. La cefalea, la epilepsia y los trastornos cerebrovasculares fueron los motivos más frecuentes, representando el 55,5% de las derivaciones. Otras condiciones neurológicas identificadas con menor frecuencia fueron parkinsonismo, temblor, síncope y vértigo, responsables del 10,9% de las derivaciones. Conclusión: la mayoría de las referencias no priorizaron solo la experiencia en neurología. Es posible que los aspectos culturales y la rutina de los médicos, los servicios de salud y la propia comunidad determinaran estas derivaciones, concientizando sobre la alta demanda, tiempo de espera y posibles cuadros clínicos que pronto están dejando de ser manejados por otras especialidades que también comparten estas habilidades.

Objetivo:quantificar os motivos de encaminhamentos de médicos da Atenção Primária para neurologia em Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Método:estudo transversal com avaliação de encaminhamentos da Atenção Básica para especialidade de Neurologia em Belo Horizonte, registrados no sistema de regulação NOVO SISREG, no periodo de março de 2019 a julho de 2020. Neurologistas ou médicos de família do projeto Regula Mais Brasil, com experiência em protocolos de encaminhamentos para neurologia, realizaram a avaliação dos principais diagnósticos. Resultados:foram identificados 13.844 encaminhamentos para neurologia, com uma média de 814,35 encaminhamentos por mês. Cefaleia, epilepsia e distúrbios cerebrovasculares foram os motivos mais comuns, representando 55,5% dos encaminhamentos. Outras condições neurológicas identificadas em menor frequência foram o parkinsonismo, tremor, síncope e vertigem, responsáveispor 10,9% dos encaminhamentos. Conclusão:a maioria dos encaminhamentos não priorizou somente a expertise da neurologia. É possível que aspectos culturais e a rotina de médicos, serviços de saúde e da própria comunidade determinaram esses encaminhamentos, ascendendo alerta quanto a alta demanda, tempo de espera e possíveis condições clínicas que estão deixando de ser brevemente manejadas por outras especialidades que também compartilham dessas competências.

Teleconsultations in neurology in a universal health system amid COVID-19: a descriptive study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize teleconsultations in neurology executed by Regula+Brasil project in Recife, a capital city in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive study carried out by four private hospitals, in a partnership with the Ministry of Health in Brazil. Teleconsultation was performed preferably in the video modality. Conditions eligible for teleconsultation were headache, epilepsy, and cerebrovascular disorders. Period of analysis was May to September 2020. RESULTS: A total of 243 teleconsultations were analyzed, of which 76.95% was a first appointment. In 48.97% of cases, the teleconsultation represented the first opportunity for the patient to be consulted with the specialist. Among cases of first appointment, 20.16% were further referred to a face-to-face consultation and 21.81% could be redirected to primary health care. Headache disorders were the most predominant clinical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation and development of telemedicine by Regula+Brasil during the COVID-19 pandemic represented an opportunity to assess the value of having teleconsultations added along the line of care from primary care to a medical specialty, promoting the coordination of care across different levels of complexity of care in the health system and improving access to specialized care.

Teleconsultations in neurology in a universal health system amid COVID-19: a descriptive study

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to characterize teleconsultations in neurology executed by Regula+Brasil project in Recife, a capital city in northeastern Brazil. METHODS: A descriptive study carried out by four private hospitals, in a partnership with the Ministry of Health in Brazil. Teleconsultation was performed preferably in the video modality. Conditions eligible for teleconsultation were headache, epilepsy, and cerebrovascular disorders. Period of analysis was May to September 2020. RESULTS: A total of 243 teleconsultations were analyzed, of which 76.95% was a first appointment. In 48.97% of cases, the teleconsultation represented the first opportunity for the patient to be consulted with the specialist. Among cases of first appointment, 20.16% were further referred to a face-to-face consultation and 21.81% could be redirected to primary health care. Headache disorders were the most predominant clinical conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The implementation and development of telemedicine by Regula+Brasil during the COVID-19 pandemic represented an opportunity to assess the value of having teleconsultations added along the line of care from primary care to a medical specialty, promoting the coordination of care across different levels of complexity of care in the health system and improving access to specialized care.

Micro-Costing of a Remotely Operated Referral Management System to Secondary Care in the Unified Health System in Brazil.

Referral of cases from primary to secondary care in the Brazilian public healthcare system is one of the most important issues to be tackled. Telehealth strategies have been shown effective in avoiding unnecessary referrals. The objective of this study was to estimate cost per referred case by a remotely operated referral management system to further inform the decision making on the topic. Analysis of cost by applying time-driven activity-based costing. Cost analyses included comparisons between medical specialties, localities for which referrals were being conducted, and periods of time. Cost per referred case across localities ranged from R$ 5.70 to R$ 8.29. Cost per referred case across medical specialties ranged from R$ 1.85 to R$ 8.56. Strategies to optimize the management of referral cases to specialized care in public healthcare systems are still needed. Telehealth strategies may be advantageous, with cost estimates across localities ranging from R$ 5.70 to R$ 8.29, with additional observed variability related to the type of medical specialty.

Micro-Costing of a Remotely Operated Referral Management System to Secondary Care in the Unified Health System in Brazil / Microcusteio de um Sistema de Regulação Remoto para o Cuidado Especializado no Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil

Abstract Referral of cases from primary to secondary care in the Brazilian public healthcare system is one of the most important issues to be tackled. Telehealth strategies have been shown effective in avoiding unnecessary referrals. The objective of this study was to estimate cost per referred case by a remotely operated referral management system to further inform the decision making on the topic. Analysis of cost by applying time-driven activity-based costing. Cost analyses included comparisons between medical specialties, localities for which referrals were being conducted, and periods of time. Cost per referred case across localities ranged from R$ 5.70 to R$ 8.29. Cost per referred case across medical specialties ranged from R$ 1.85 to R$ 8.56. Strategies to optimize the management of referral cases to specialized care in public healthcare systems are still needed. Telehealth strategies may be advantageous, with cost estimates across localities ranging from R$ 5.70 to R$ 8.29, with additional observed variability related to the type of medical specialty.

Resumo O encaminhamento de casos da atenção primária para a secundária no Sistema Único Brasileiro é uma das questões mais importantes a ser enfrentada. As estratégias de telessaúde têm se mostrado eficazes para evitar encaminhamentos desnecessários. O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o custo por caso encaminhado por meio de um sistema de gerenciamento de referenciamentos operado remotamente para subsidiar a tomada de decisão sobre o tema. Análise de custo por meio da aplicação de custeio baseado em atividades orientado pelo tempo (time-driven activity-based costing ou TDABC). As análises de custo incluíram comparações entre especialidades médicas, localidades para as quais os encaminhamentos estavam sendo conduzidos e períodos de tempo. O custo por referenciamento em todas as localidades variou entre R$ 5,70 a R$ 8,29. O custo por referenciamento nas especialidades médicas variou entre R$ 1,85 a R$ 8,56. Estratégias para otimizar a gestão dos referenciamentos para a atenção especializada nos sistemas públicos de saúde ainda são necessárias. As estratégias de telessaúde podem ser vantajosas, com estimativas de custo entre as localidades variando entre R$ 5,70 a R$ 8,29, com variabilidade adicional observada relacionada ao tipo de especialidade médica.

Telehealth for Supporting Referrals to Specialized Care During COVID-19.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to the suspension or postponement of care for non-urgent conditions worldwide. Regula Mais Brasil is an initiative of the Unified Health System (SUS) in Brazil to optimize the management of referrals to specialized care by using telehealth. Objectives: To report the expansion of telehealth activities of Regula Mais Brasil in response to COVID-19 and to assess qualification of referrals in primary health care (PHC) units as well as the added value of teleconsultation in qualifying referral cases. Methods: Descriptive study of the teleconsultations carried out as an additional strategy to the remotely operated referral management system, responsible for navigating cases from PHC units to specialized care in Recife, Brazil, between May 6, 2020 and September 30, 2020. Teleconsultation was implemented as a tool for reducing delays in the access to health care due to COVID-19 and ultimately allowed for reclassification of the referral adequacy and priority. Changes in referral priority ratings and referral decisions after teleconsultation were analyzed. Results: A total of 622 referral cases were analyzed. Approved referrals represented 51.9% of cases. The main reason for approved referrals was the need for diagnostic resources. There was a reduction in priority ratings in 449 cases (72.2%) after teleconsultation. There was a statistically significant association between the change of priority ratings and the decision on referral (Pearson's χ2, p-value <0.0001). Results show that telemedicine had an impact on the prioritization and qualification of cases referred to specialized services. Conclusions: A need was detected to rapidly adapt tools available for telemedicine in Brazil. Our results demonstrate that teleconsultation as an additional strategy to the remotely operated referral management system has contributed toward improving equitable access to specialized services.

Telehealth to support referral management in a universal health system: a before-and-after study.

BACKGROUND: Management of patient flow within a healthcare network, allowing equitable and qualified access to healthcare, is a major challenge for universal health systems. Implementation of telehealth strategies to support referral management has been shown to increase primary care resolution and to promote coordination of care. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of telehealth strategies on waiting lists and waiting times for specialized care in Brazil. METHODS: Before-and-after study with measures obtained between January 2019 and February 2020. Baseline measurements of waiting lists were obtained immediately before the implementation of a remotely operated referral management system. Post-interventional measurements were obtained monthly, up to six months after the beginning of operation. Data was extracted from the database of the project. General linear models were applied to assess interaction of locality and time over number of cases on waiting lists and waiting times. RESULTS: At baseline, the median number of cases on waiting lists ranged from 2961 to 12,305 cases. Reductions of the number of cases on waiting lists after six months of operation were observed in all localities. The magnitude of the reduction ranged from 54.67 to 88.97 %. Interaction of time measurements was statistically significant from the second month onward. Median waiting times ranged from 159 to 241 days at baseline. After six months, there was a decrease of 100 and 114 waiting days in two localities, respectively, with reduction of waiting times only for high-risk cases in the third locality. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of telehealth strategies resulted in the reduction of number of cases on waiting lists. Results were consistent across localities, suggesting that telehealth interventions are viable in diverse settings.

The use of telemedicine to support Brazilian primary care physicians in managing eye conditions: The TeleOftalmo Project.

PURPOSE: To determine whether teleophthalmology can help physicians in assessing and managing eye conditions and to ascertain which clinical conditions can be addressed by teleophthalmology in primary care setting. METHODS: We evaluated the resolution capacity of TeleOftalmo, strategy implemented in the public health system of southern Brazil. Resolution capacity was defined as the ability to fully address patients' eye complaints in primary care with remote assistance from ophthalmologists. Data from tele-eye reports were collected over 14 months. Resolution capacity was compared across different age groups and different ocular conditions. RESULTS: Overall, 8,142 patients had a tele-eye report issued in the study period. Resolution capacity was achieved in 5,748 (70.6%) patients. When stratified into age groups, the lowest capacity was 43.1% among subjects aged ≥65 years, while the highest was 89.7% among subjects aged 13-17 years (p<0.001). Refractive error (70.3%) and presbyopia (56.3%) were the most prevalent conditions followed by cataract (12.4%) and suspected glaucoma (7.6%). Resolution capacity was higher in cases of refractive error, presbyopia, spasm of accommodation and lid disorders than in patients diagnosed with other condition (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: With telemedicine support, primary care physicians solved over two-thirds of patients' eye or vision complaints. Refractive errors had high case resolution rates, thus having a great impact on reducing the number of referrals to specialty care. Teleophthalmology adoption in primary-care settings as part of the workup of patients with eye or vision complaints promotes a more effective use of specialty centers and will hopefully reduce waiting times for specialty referral.

Development and Assessment of a Mobile Nutritional Counseling Tool for Primary Care Physicians.

Background:Hypertension remains widely undetected, undertreated, and poorly controlled. Appropriate dietary changes can prevent and treat hypertension effectively. Primary care physicians (PCPs) have the opportunity to counsel patients about their diets and are able to facilitate long-term adherence to changes. However, they encounter several barriers to delivery of evidence-based counseling in daily medical practice. m-Health can make important contributions.Objective:To describe the development and assessment of a Brazilian mobile app for nutritional management of hypertension supported by evidence-based.Materials and Methods:App development used a user-centered approach that seeks to solve problems in a collective and collaborative way. The app was developed in Apache Cordova® (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) for iOS and Android mobile phone platforms. Beta testing was performed with a sample of Brazilian PCPs (n = 62), who were asked to use the app in routine practice and evaluate it.Results:The process involved researchers, government, PCPs, nutritionists, and designers. Dieta Dash® (Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil) app was divided into following sections: meal evaluation, Healthy meals, Healthy choices, and a database of Healthy recipes. The mean perceived usefulness and ease-of-use scores were 23.3 and 32.3 out of 42, respectively.Conclusions:It is a great source of up-to-date and summary guidelines, usable, acceptable, and positively impact clinical care. PCPs have identified improvements that could make the user experience better. The Dieta Dash app can be incorporated into Brazilian primary care practice.

Elaboração e validação de uma medida para avaliar o conhecimento de médicos de atenção primária do Brasil sobre recomendação nutricional para controle da hipertensão / Elaboration and validation of a measure to evaluate the knowledge of primary care physicians in Brazil about nutritional recommendation for hypertension control

Resumo Introdução Médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde têm papel primordial no aconselhamento nutricional para reduzir a morbidade e a mortalidade relacionadas à hipertensão. A literatura é escassa em instrumentos validados para o Brasil que avaliam o conhecimento com base em evidências desses profissionais. Objetivo Elaborar uma medida para avaliar o nível de conhecimento de médicos de atenção primária do Brasil sobre recomendação nutricional para o controle de hipertensão arterial. Método Utilizou-se de um instrumento validado para a língua inglesa como base para elaboração da medida, a qual foi testada de acordo com os fundamentos da Teoria de Resposta ao Item. A dimensionalidade do questionário foi realizada na matriz de correlação policórica. Para estimar os parâmetros dos itens, foi utilizado o modelo logístico de dois parâmetros (discriminação e dificuldade). Resultados A maioria dos itens foi considerada fácil, e o poder discriminativo variou entre valores altos, moderados e baixos. A ausência de itens difíceis contribuiu para a imprecisão da medida entre aqueles com níveis superiores de conhecimento. Conclusão Os resultados mostram uma medida que mensura com melhor precisão médicos com baixo nível de conhecimento, sendo uma ferramenta útil para identificar profissionais que precisam melhorar seu conhecimento nutricional.

Abstract Background Primary health care physicians play a leading role in nutritional counseling to reduce hypertension related to morbidity and mortality. The literature is scarce on instruments validated for Brazil that evaluate the evidence based on knowledge of these professionals. Objective To elaborate a measure to evaluate the level of knowledge about nutritional recommendation for the control of hypertension for primary care physicians in Brazil. Method A validated instrument for the English language was used as the basis for the questionnaire elaboration, which was tested according to the fundamentals of the Item Response Theory. The dimensionality of the questionnaire was performed on the polychoric correlation matrix. For the estimation of the parameters of the items, the two Parameters Logistic Model (discrimination and difficulty) was used. Results Most of the items were considered easy, the discriminative power varied between high, moderate and low values. The absence of difficult items contributed to the imprecision of the measure among those with higher levels of knowledge. Conclusion The results show a measure that accurately measures physicians with a low level of knowledge, being a useful tool to identify professionals who need to improve their nutritional knowledge.

Hábitos alimentares na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e fatores associados em idosos hipertensos / Eating habits in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and associated factors in elderly hypertensive individuals

As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em idosos. Nesta pesquisa, foram identificados hábitos alimentares saudáveis e fatores associados à prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares entre idosos hipertensos. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com coleta de dados primários em uma unidade de saúde da família pertencente a um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Participaram do estudo 212 idosos hipertensos. Verificou-se maior prevalência de idosos jovens, do sexo feminino, com poucos anos de estudo e de baixa renda. Os hábitos alimentares saudáveis dos idosos hipertensos avaliados estão aquém daqueles preconizados. Fatores socioeconômicos, características de saúde e utilização dos serviços de saúde influenciaram na prática de hábitos alimentares saudáveis. Os resultados desse estudo sugerem que os idosos hipertensos estão encontrando dificuldade para adotar hábitos alimentares saudáveis; contribuem ainda para a definição de estratégias para o trabalho cotidiano de prevenção e controle das doenças cardiovasculares em idosos.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the elderly. In this study, healthy eating habits and associated factors in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in elderly hypertensive individuals were identified. It involved a cross-sectional study gathering primary data in a family health unit in a city in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and 212 elderly hypertensive individuals participated in the study. A higher prevalence among the lower age bracket of elderly individuals, female, with little schooling and low income was revealed. Healthy eating habits among the elderly hypertensive individuals assessed are below those recommended in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Social and economic factors, health characteristics and the use of health services influenced the adoption of healthy eating habits. The results of this study suggest that elderly hypertensive individuals find it difficult to adopt healthy eating habits. This contributes further to the definition of strategies for routine prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.

[Eating habits in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases and associated factors in elderly hypertensive individuals]. / Hábitos alimentares na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares e fatores associados em idosos hipertensos.

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death and disability in the elderly. In this study, healthy eating habits and associated factors in the prevention of cardiovascular disease in elderly hypertensive individuals were identified. It involved a cross-sectional study gathering primary data in a family health unit in a city in the interior of the state of Rio Grande do Sul and 212 elderly hypertensive individuals participated in the study. A higher prevalence among the lower age bracket of elderly individuals, female, with little schooling and low income was revealed. Healthy eating habits among the elderly hypertensive individuals assessed are below those recommended in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Social and economic factors, health characteristics and the use of health services influenced the adoption of healthy eating habits. The results of this study suggest that elderly hypertensive individuals find it difficult to adopt healthy eating habits. This contributes further to the definition of strategies for routine prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases in the elderly.