RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the altitude of birth/childhood influences the values in peak power output (PPO) and estimated maximum oxygen uptake (estVO2max) in male Colombian road cyclists of different performance levels. This study also aimed to determine whether cyclists born at high altitudes tend to be more successful. METHODS: Eighty riders aged between 17 and 22 years of 3 performance levels (U23 world-class level, WC, n = 8; U23 national level, N23, n = 41; junior national level, J, n = 31) and 3 altitude levels (<800 m, low; 800-2000 m, moderate; >2000 m, high) performed an ergocycle maximal incremental test to exhaustion at an altitude of 2570 m. RESULTS: Altogether, while cyclists born at an altitude >2000 m represented â¼50% of the analyzed sample, there was a significantly higher proportion (84%) of these cyclists who had participated as professionals in a Grand Tour (χ2[1, N = 80] = 4.58, P < .05). Riders of the low group had lower values of PPO and estVO2max than cyclists of moderate and high altitudes, while no differences were noted between moderate- and high-altitude groups. In N23, PPO and estVO2max were lower in the low- than in the moderate-altitude group, while in the J cyclists, PPO and estVO2max were lower in the low-altitude compared with both moderate- and high-altitude groups. DISCUSSION: Among the cyclists tested at altitude in junior and U23, there is an overrepresentation of individuals who reached an elite level and were born at a high altitude (>2000 m). As no clear differences were observed between moderate- and high-altitude cyclists, the higher prevalence of elite cyclists in the latter group may originate from various-still unclear-mechanisms.
Assuntos
Altitude , Consumo de Oxigênio , Masculino , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Ciclismo , Colômbia , OxigênioRESUMO
La infección intestinal parasitaria afecta principalmente a la población infantil y constituye una de las enfermedades de mayor prevalencia en las comunidades empobrecidas de los países en desarrollo. El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar la prevalencia de parásitos intestinales en niños de edad escolar de una institución educativa del municipio de Fernando de la Mora. Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo de corte transversal, de abril a julio del 2017. Se procesaron muestras fecales de40 niños de 6 a 11 años de edad, procedentes de una escuela pública de la zona sur de Fernando de la Mora. Las muestras obtenidas se fijaron en formol 10%, transportadas y procesadas mediante examen directo y por el método de Ritchie en el laboratorio de Microbiología de la carrera de Biología de la UNA. Se empleó el análisis univariado para calcular frecuencias y para determinar asociaciones entre variables el análisis bivariado prueba de Chi2. La prevalencia fue del 27% y se encontró infección por cinco especies de parásitos. Los parásitos encontrados fueron; Blastocystis hominis (18%), Giardia lamblia (10%), Chilomastix mesnili (10%), Balantidium coli (5%) y huevos de Ascaris lumbricoides (10%). Predominó el multiparasitismo (18%) y se encontró asociación significativa entre el nivel de grado escolar y la infección parasitaria (p=0,04). Se demostró la alta prevalencia de infección parasitaria para el grupo de niños escolares que participaron del estudio. Los resultados reafirman la importancia del constante seguimiento y control de las parasitosis a nivel local y nacional.
Parasitic intestinal infection mainly affects children and is one of the most prevalent diseases in impoverished communities in developing countries. The objective of the work was to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasites in school-age children from an educational institution in the municipality of Fernando de la Mora. An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from April to July 2017. Fecal samples from 40 children between 6 and 11 years old, from a public school in Fernando de la Mora, were processed. The obtained samples were fixed in 10% formalin, transported and processed by direct examination and by the Ritchie method in the Microbiology laboratory of the Biology degree program at UNA. Univariate analysis was used to calculate frequencies and bivariate by Chi 2 test to determine associations between variables. The prevalence was 27% and infection was determined by five species of parasites. The high prevalence of parasitic infection was demonstrated for the group of school children who participated in the study. The parasites found were; Blastocystis hominis (18%), Giardia lamblia (10%), Chilomastix mesnili (10%), Balantidium coli (5%) and Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (10%). Multiparasitism predominated (18%) and a significant association was found between grade level and parasitic infection (p = 0.04). The results reaffirm the importance of constant monitoring and control of parasites at the local and national level.
Assuntos
Criança , Parasitos , Enteropatias Parasitárias , CriançaRESUMO
RESUMEN La hiperplasia prostática benigna (HPB) es la neoplasia más común en hombres y puede requerir tratamiento quirúrgico cuando hay retención urinaria, uropatía obstructiva, hematuria a repetición, cistolitiasis o falta de mejoría de los síntomas con las terapias farmacológicas. Las opciones quirúrgicas más frecuentes son la prostatectomía abierta y la resección transuretral de próstata, entre cuyas complicaciones están las infecciones del tracto urinario (ITU) hasta en 12,9 % de los pacientes. Sin embargo, este porcentaje es variable porque no siempre se especifica la diferencia entre ITU y bacteriuria. Los siguientes son factores de riesgo: bacteriuria preoperatoria, tiempo quirúrgico mayor de 60 minutos y manipulación posoperatoria de la sonda vesical. Es importante que los profesionales de la salud que participan en la atención de pacientes con HPB conozcan e intervengan estas complicaciones infecciosas y sus factores de riesgo.
SUMMARY Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is the most common tumor in men and may require surgical treatment when there is urinary retention, obstructive uropathy, recurrent hematuria, cystolithiasis or lack of improvement of symptoms with drug therapies. The most common surgical options are open prostatectomy and transurethral resection of the prostate. Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the complications of these procedures, and may occur in up to 12.9 % of patients. However, this percentage is variable because the difference between UTI and bacteriuria is not always specified. Risk factors are: preoperative bacteriuria, operating time longer than 60 minutes and handling of postoperative bladder catheter. It is important that health professionals involved in the care of patients with BPH know these infectious complications and their risk factors.
