Stereoselective oxidative O-glycosylation of disarmed glycosyl iodides with alcohols using PIDA as the promoter.

The direct and practical oxidative anomeric O-glycosylation of glycosyl iodides with an array of alcohols as glycosyl acceptors is presented. Using phenyliodine(III) diacetate (PIDA) as the promoter of the reaction, at ambient temperature, an enviromentally benign and operationally simple protocol has been developed providing access stereoselectively to 1,2-trans-O-glycosides.

Probing the anomeric effect and mechanism of isomerization of oxazinane rings by DFT methods.

Mechanistic studies of the thermal amine-promoted isomerization of oxazinane rings by DFT methods showed that the isomerization proceeds through abstraction of the C-3 hydrogen atom by the amine nitrogen atom followed by its re-recruitment from C-3 that helps the oxazinane ring to avoid breaking, leading to the same or an isomeric conformer. Calculations also provided evidence that steric effects are responsible for the breaking of the O-N bond in the transition state of the thermal amine-promoted transformations of oxazinane rings, leading to the transformation of the 6-membered ring to a 5-membered ring. Extensive computational studies of the origin of the anomeric effect in the di-substituted oxazinane rings, bearing the EtO substituent at C-6 and CO2Et at C-3, and a series of analogous tetrahydro-2H-pyran ring conformers, revealed that the conformational preferences in both series of compounds are tuned by the balance of non-covalent (weak vDW, dipole-dipole, electrostatic forces, hydrogen bonding) steric effects and hyperconjugative interactions.

Electrocatalytic hydrogen production by dinuclear cobalt(II) compounds containing redox-active diamidate ligands: a combined experimental and theoretical study.

The chiral dicobalt(ii) complex [CoII2(µ2-L)2] (1) (H2L = N2,N6-di(quinolin-8-yl)pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide) and its tert-butyl analogue [CoII2(µ2-LBu)2] (2) were synthesized and structurally characterized. Addition of one equivalent of AgSbF6 to the dichloromethane solution of 1 and 2 resulted in the isolation of the mixed-valent dicobalt(iii,ii) species [CoIIICoII(µ2-L)2]SbF6 (3) and [CoIIICoII(µ2-LBu)2]SbF6 (4). Homovalent 1 and 2 exhibited catalytic activity towards proton reduction in the presence of acetic acid (AcOH) as the substrate. The complexes are stable in solution while their catalytic turnover frequency is estimated at 10 and 34.6 h-1 molcat-1 for 1 and 2, respectively. Calculations reveal one-electron reduction of 1 is ligand-based, preserving the dicobalt(ii) core and activating the ligand toward protonation at the quinoline group. This creates a vacant coordination site that is subsequently protonated to generate the catalytically ubiquitous Co(iii) hydride. The dinuclear structure persists throughout where the distal Co(ii) ion modulates the reactivity of the adjacent metal site by promoting ligand redox activity through spin state switching.

Multicomponent Reaction of Aldehydes, Amines and Oxalacetate Analogues Leading to Biologically Attractive Pyrrole Derivatives.

Pyrrole is a very important pharmacophoric moiety. It has been widely incorporated into the skeleton of antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant and antifungal active substances. Access to this key heterocycle by diverse routes is particularly attractive in terms of chemistry, and also from the environmental point of view. The present minireview summarizes the reported methods for the preparation of highly substituted pyrrole derivatives based on the one-pot multicomponent reaction of aldehydes, primary amines, and oxalacetate analogues as well as their biology.

Synthesis of a protected trihydroxyindolizidine 3-carboxylate via a hetero-Diels-Alder addition of ethyl 2-nitrosoacrylate to a D-ribose-derived exo-glycal.

A protected trihydroxyindolizidine 3-carboxylate was prepared by a 6-endo epoxide cleavage, which in turn was intermediately formed from the hetero-Diels-Alder adduct of ethyl 2-nitrosoacrylate to a D-ribose-derived exo-glycal.

Synthesis of C-glycosylated amino acids by hetero-Diels-Alder addition of ethyl 2-nitrosoacrylate to exo-glycals.

C-Glycoamino acids bearing a variety of sugar moieties were prepared by the hetero-Diels-Alder addition of ethyl 2-nitrosoacrylate to exo-glycals. The reaction proceeds smoothly to yield spirocyclic oxazines that can be converted into useful products by several hydrogenolytic techniques.

Unexpected synthesis of an unsymmetrical mu-oxido divanadium(V) compound through a reductive cleavage of a N-O bond and cleavage-hydrolysis of a C-N bond of an N,N-disubstituted bis-(hydroxylamino) ligand.

Reaction of the N,N-disubstituted bis-(hydroxylamino) ligand 2,6-bis[hydroxy(methyl)amino]-4-morpholino-1,3,5-triazine, H(2)bihyat, with V(IV)OSO(4).5H(2)O in water for 6 h followed by the addition of methyl alcohol resulted in the isolation of the unsymmetrical mu-oxido divanadium(V) compound [V(V)(2)O(2)(mu(2)-O)(bihyat)(hyta)(hyto)].3H(2)O (1.3H(2)O) and of the methylhydroxylamido derivative [V(V)O(bihyat)(CH(3)NHO)].H(2)O (2.H(2)O). The N,N-disubstituted mono(hydroxylamino) ligands Hhyta, Hhyto, and CH(3)NHOH were formed by the decomposition of the ligand H(2)bihyat in the presence of vanadium. The structures of compounds 1.3H(2)O and 2.H(2)O were determined by X-ray crystallography. The structure of 1.3H(2)O consists of one five-coordinate vanadium(V) atom and one six-coordinate vanadium(V) atom bridged by an oxido group and ligated to a tridentate bihyat(2-) and two bidentate hyta(-) and hyto(-) ligands, respectively. The two terminal oxido groups in 1.3H(2)O are syn-directed, lying on the same side of the V-O-V plane. The coordination environment of the vanadium atom in 2.H(2)O approximates to a highly distorted pentagonal pyramid with the oxido ligand occupying the apical position. Compounds 1.3H(2)O and 2.H(2)O were studied by multinuclear NMR ((1)H, (13)C, and (51)V) to elucidate their solution structures. The (51)V NMR of 1.3H(2)O in anhydrous CD(2)Cl(2) gave two signals at -199 and -508 ppm, which were assigned to the five- and six-coordinate vanadium(V) atoms, respectively. The resonance of the five-coordinate vanadium nucleus, in a field much lower than that expected from Rehder's [Inorg. Chem., 1988, 27, 584-587] referencing scale, was attributed to the low-energy ligand-to-metal charge transfer transition at 605 nm [epsilon(M) = 5050 M(-1) cm(-1)] of 1.3H(2)O according to Pecoraro et al. [J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1992, 114, 9925-9933]. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry studies were used to follow the decomposition products of H(2)bihyat in the presence of vanadium.

A short alternative preparation of the bengazoles polyol side-chain segment.

A new short and efficient synthesis of the bengazoles side chain is reported using a sequential Grignard addition-hydroboration approach on a readily available d-ribose derivative.

An improved approach to chiral cyclopentenone building blocks. Total synthesis of pentenomycin I and neplanocin A.

An improved approach to enantiomerically pure hydroxylated cyclopentenones is reported here, which involves intramolecular nitrone cycloaddition of sugar-derived chiral pent-4-enals and hex-5-en-ones-2 followed by N-O bond cleavage, quaternization of the amine thus produced, and finally oxidative elimination of the amino group. Synthesis of pentenomycin I and neplanocin A is described following this methodology.

Structure of and electronic interactions in aromatic polyvalent iodine compounds: A 13 C NMR study.

Available data on the structures, electronic substituent effects and 13 C NMR spectra of aromatic polyvalent iodine compounds, particularly iodoso and iodoxy derivatives, are summarized and discussed. A series of aromatic tri- and penta-valent iodine compounds were synthesized, their 13 C NMR spectra were measured and the substituent chemical shifts (SCS) for several polyvalent iodine functional groups were calculated. As the oxidation state of iodine increases (I → II → V), the strong shielding of the ipso-carbon atom by iodine in aryl iodides due to the 'heavy-atom effect' (30 ppm) decreases substantially, and this decrease is apparently general for stable hypervalent iodine compounds. Possible explanations are discussed and correlations between chemical shifts, structures and/or electronic effects are proposed.