Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) recommendations in Clinical Practice Guidelines for open angle glaucoma and MIGS procedures: A scoping review.

Introduction: To assess the recommendations of open angle glaucoma Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) addressing Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) or MIGS procedures CPG. Methods: A scoping review of CPG was conducted, based on an ongoing systematic review (CRD42024510656). A systematic literature search of CPG was carried out in November 2023, with an update in January 2024. CPG published in the last 8 years, full text available and addressing MIGS were selected. CPG details and recommendations concerning MIGS were extracted. Results: 13 CPG addressing MIGS were selected (8 recovered from databases and 5 from registers). Four health Technology Assessments were assessed but recommendations were not considered. Finnish and Swedish guidelines, published in 2024, and Japanese guidelines, published in 2023, are English versions of their native language guidelines, but none of them make specific recommendations about MIGS. The Spanish Glaucoma Society - Advanced Glaucoma guideline (2023) describes the available techniques but does not make recommendations about MIGS. The European Glaucoma Society (2023) guideline only makes recommendations for 4 devices and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence Interventional procedures guidance makes recommendations both for specific procedures and devices. Conclusion: MIGS is a relevant topic that has not been adequately addressed in terms of updated evidence, available procedures, and recommendations in open angle glaucoma CPG or MIGS procedures CPG.

Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of retinal vein occlusion.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: To assess the methodological quality of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) for the diagnosis and management of Retinal Vein Occlusion (RVO). METHODS: A systematic review of CPGs for the diagnosis and management of RVO was carried out with a search in databases, metasearch engines, CPG development institutions, ophthalmology associations and CPG repositories until April 2022. Search update was performed on April 2023, with no new record available. Five CPGs published in the last 10 years in English/Spanish were selected, and 5 authors evaluated them independently, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE-II) instrument. An individual assessment of each CPG by domain (AGREE-II), an overall assessment of the guide, and its use with or without modifications were performed. Additionally, a meta-synthesis of the recommendations for the most relevant outcomes was carried out. RESULTS: The lowest score (mean 18.8%) was for domain 5 'applicability', and the highest score (mean 62%) was for domain 4 'clarity of presentation'. The 2019 American guideline (PPP) presented the best score (40.4%) in domain 3 'rigour of development'. When evaluating the overall quality of the CPGs analysed, all CPGs could be recommended with modifications. In the meta-synthesis, anti-VEGF therapy is the first-choice therapy for macular oedema associated with RVO, but there is no clear recommendation about the type of anti-VEGF therapy to choose. Recommendations for diagnosis and follow-up are similar among the CPGs appraised. CONCLUSION: Most CPGs for the diagnosis and management of RVO have a low methodological quality assessed according to the AGREE-II. PPP has the higher score in the domain 'rigour of development'. Among the CPGs appraised, there is no clear recommendation on the type of anti-VEGF therapy to choose.

Prevalence of computer vision syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: This review aimed to estimate the prevalence of computer vision syndrome (CVS) in the general population and subgroups. METHODS: A search was conducted in the following the databases: PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science until February 13, 2023. We included studies that assessed the prevalence of CVS in any population. The Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality. A meta-analysis of the prevalence of CVS was done using a random-effects model, assessing the sources of heterogeneity using subgroup and meta-regression analyses. RESULTS: A total of 103 cross-sectional studies with 66 577 participants were included. The prevalence of CVS was 69.0% (95% CI: 62.3 to 75.3; I2: 99.7%), ranging from 12.1 to 97.3% across studies. Point prevalence was higher in women than in men (71.4 vs. 61.8%), university students (76.1%), Africa (71.2%), Asia (69.9%), contact lens wearers (73.1% vs. 63.8%) in studies conducted before the COVID-19 pandemic (72.8%), and in those that did not use the CVS-Q questionnaire (75.4%). In meta-regression, using the CVS-Q scale was associated with a lower prevalence of CVS. CONCLUSION: Seven out of ten people suffer from CVS. Preventive strategies and interventions are needed to decrease the prevalence of this condition which can affect productivity and quality of life. Future studies should standardize a definition of CVS.

[Support of posterior nasal endoscopy in obtaining nasopharyngeal swab during COVID-19] / El apoyo de la endoscopia nasal posterior en la obtención de hisopado nasofaríngeo durante la COVID-19.

Introduction: In relation to the nasopharynx swab samples, necessary to identify SARS-CoV-2, various problems have been reported, such as: delays in viral identification, high percentages of false negative PCR and viral presence in asymptomatic patients. This, and because the swab is performed without intranasal vision, suggests the need to improve the process of obtaining the nasopharyngeal swab sample, the most important step in viral identification. Description: Because nasal endoscopy is a procedure that provides direct visualization of intranasal structures; We propose its use to support laboratory personnel in obtaining the nasopharyngeal swab, allowing to improve the quality of the sample, with greater possibilities of early viral identification in COVID-19 patients. In addition, performing endoscopy through a posterior approach would reduce the risk of contagion from the personnel who perform it. Conclusion: We propose the use of posterior nasal endoscopy as support in obtaining the nasopharyngeal swab sample, to improve the identification of SARS-CoV-2. Its realization by means of the posterior approach, would avoid the contagion of the personnel who perform it.

Introducción: En relación a las muestras de hisopado de nasofaringe, necesarias para identificar al SARS-CoV-2, se han reportado diversos problemas como: retrasos en la identificación viral, elevados porcentajes de falsos negativos de PCR y presencia viral en pacientes asintomáticos. Lo anterior, y debido a que el hisopado se realiza sin visión intranasal, sugiere la necesidad de mejorar el proceso de obtención de la muestra del hisopado nasofaríngeo, el paso más importante en la identificación viral. Descripción: Debido a que la endoscopía nasal es un procedimiento que proporciona visualización directa de las estructuras intranasales; proponemos su utilización en apoyo al personal de laboratorio en la obtención del hisopado nasofaríngeo, permitiendo mejorar la calidad de la muestra, con mayores posibilidades de identificación viral precoz en pacientes COVID-19. Además, la realización de la endoscopía mediante un abordaje posterior, disminuiría el riesgo de contagio del personal que lo realiza. Conclusión: Proponemos el uso de la endoscopía nasal posterior como apoyo en la obtención de la muestra del hisopado nasofaríngeo, para mejorar la identificación del SARS-CoV-2. Su realización mediante el abordaje posterior, evitaría el contagio del personal que lo realiza.

Disminución de agudeza visual, hipertelorismo y exoftalmos debido a piomucocele bilateral / Decrease in visual acute, hypertellorism, and exophthalms due to bilateral piomucocele

RESUMEN Introducción: El Piomucocele es la infección de un mucocele pre existente. Presentamos un varón de 22 años con disminución de agudeza visual, hipertelorismo y exolftamos. Presentó proptosis inferolateral y agudeza visual 20/80 en el lado izquierdo. Sin antecedente de traumatismo, infecciones, pólipos o cirugías. TAC con imágenes sugestivas de mucocele bilateral con efecto compresivo orbital anterior en el lado derecho y posterior en el lado izquierdo. El efecto compresivo del piomucocele etmoidal y esfenoidal en el lado izquierdo produjo compromiso del canal óptico con disminución de la agudeza visual ipsilateral. Se realizó cirugía endoscópica nasosinusal con marsupialización y descompresión, encontrándose dos piomucoceles en dirección antero posterior bien delimitados en lado derecho y un piomucocele izquierdo. La evolución fue favorable. Ésta inusual presentación obliga a considerar el compromiso ocular insospechado, principalmente en piomucoceles que comprometan senos paranasales posteriores.

ABSTRACT Background: The Piomucocele is the infection of a pre-existing mucocele. We present a 22-year-old man with decreased visual acuity, hypertelorism, and exophthalmos. He presented inferolateral proptosis and visual acuity 20/80 on the left side. No history of trauma, infection, polyps, or surgery. CT scan with images suggestive of bilateral mucocele with anterior orbital compression effect on the right side and posterior on the left side. The compressive effect of the ethmoidal and sphenoid pyomukocele on the left side produced compromise of the optic canal with decreased ipsilateral visual acuity. Endoscopic sinonasal surgery was performed with marsupialization and decompression, finding two well-defined anteroposterior pyomukoceles on the right side and one left pyomukocele. The evolution was favorable. This unusual presentation forces us to consider unsuspected ocular involvement, mainly in pyomukoceles that involve posterior paranasal sinuses.

Rare presentation occult lateral frontal rhinosinusitis with eyelid fistula, ectropion and lagophthalmos. A case report.

We report an unusual case of a 53-year-old male with fistula, ectropion and lagophthalmos due to lateral frontal rhinosinusitis. Two years ago, he presented soft erythematous swelling at internal epicanthus. A year and a half before, he presented upper eyelid fistula secretion drainage, cicatricial ectropion and lagophthalmos. No otorhinolaryngological or visual discomfort was reported. Ophthalmology performed ectropion surgical repair using skin grafting, with no improvement. They requested magnetic resonance imaging which showed a suggestive image of frontal lateral sinusitis, being transferred to the Otorhinolaryngology service. External and endoscopic nasal surgery was performed, which resolved the sinus pathology with good evolution.

Se informa un inusual caso de un varón de 53 años, con fístula, ectropión y lagoftalmos derecho debido a rinosinusitis crónica frontal lateral. Dos años antes presentó tumefacción blanda y eritematosa en el epicanto interno. Un año y medio antes tuvo drenaje de secreción por fístula en el párpado superior, ectropión cicatrizal superomedial y lagoftamos ipsilateral, sin molestias otorrinolaringológicas ni alteración visual. El Servicio de Oftalmología realizó reparación quirúrgica mediante injerto de piel, sin mostrar mejoría, por lo que se solicitó resonancia magnética, que evidenció imagen indicativa de sinusitis frontal lateral derecha y fue transferido al Servicio de Otorrinolaringología. Se practicó una cirugía externa y endoscópica, que resolvió la afección sinusal, con buena evolución.

El SPRINT en la práctica médica: ¿es momento de modificar el manejo de la hipertensión arterial en Latinoamérica? / SPRINT on clinical practice: It's time to change the management of arterial hypertension in Latin America?

Resumen El presente documento analiza la factibilidad de la implementación de los resultados del ensayo clínico SPRINT, la necesidad de replantear las guías de práctica clínica (GPC) para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial y los costos asociados a su aplicabilidad en la práctica diaria. El SPRINT es un ensayo clínico que comparó el control intensivo de la presión arterial sistólica <120 mmHg y <140 mmHg sobre las complicaciones cardiovasculares, generando un gran impacto en el mundo seguido de la publicación de diversos estudios que han abordado desde diversas perspectivas la relevancia, utilidad, aplicabilidad y aspectos controversiales del SPRINT. El logro de la presión arterial meta es uno de los temas más discutidos en las GPC de hipertensión arterial de mayor uso a nivel mundial y latinoamericano. El SPRINT ha generado y generará un gran impacto en las GPC, siendo necesaria la reevaluación de las presiones arteriales meta y su inclusión en las GPC futuras, como ha sido considerado por la guía canadiense 2016 y será considerado en la actualización de la Guía NICE programada para junio. El ensayo SPRINT plantea nuevas evidencias para el manejo de la hipertensión arterial, útil en personas mayores de 50 años, procedentes de poblaciones urbanas, con riesgo cardiovascular definido y sin comorbilidades asociadas. La aplicabilidad del SPRINT en Latinoamérica es limitada por el aumento de costos asociados a la atención de salud integral del paciente hipertenso, la baja cobertura de atención y escasez de programas integrales de atención.

Abstract This paper analyzes the feasibility of the implementation of SPRINT trial results, the need to rethink the clinical practice guidelines(CPG) for the management of arterial hypertension and associated costs with daily practice applicability. SPRINT is a clinical trial comparing systolic blood pressure control <120 mmHg and <140 mmHg over cardiovascular complications, generating a great worldwide impact followed by publication of several studies that addressed relevance, usefulness, applicability and controversial aspects of SPRINT from different perspectives. Achieving blood pressure goals is one of the most discussed issue in widely used hypertension CPG around the world and in Latin American. SPRINT has generated and will generate a great impact on CPG, being necessary the reassessment of blood pressure goals and inclusion in future CPG, as has been considered in 2016 Canadian guideline and will be considered in NICE guideline update scheduled for June. The SPRINT trial raises new evidence for the management of hypertension, useful in people over 50 years, from urban populations, with defined cardiovascular risk without associated comorbidities. The applicability of SPRINT in Latin America is limited by increased costs associated with hypertensive patients’ integrated health care, low care coverage, and lack of integrated care programs.

[SPRINT on clinical practice: It's time to change the management of arterial hypertension in Latin America?] / El SPRINT en la práctica médica: ¿es momento de modificar el manejo de la hipertensión arterial en Latinoamérica?

This paper analyzes the feasibility of the implementation of SPRINT trial results, the need to rethink the clinical practice guidelines(CPG) for the management of arterial hypertension and associated costs with daily practice applicability. SPRINT is a clinical trial comparing systolic blood pressure control <120mmHg and <140mmHg over cardiovascular complications, generating a great worldwide impact followed by publication of several studies that addressed relevance, usefulness, applicability and controversial aspects of SPRINT from different perspectives. Achieving blood pressure goals is one of the most discussed issue in widely used hypertension CPG around the world and in Latin American. SPRINT has generated and will generate a great impact on CPG, being necessary the reassessment of blood pressure goals and inclusion in future CPG, as has been considered in 2016 Canadian guideline and will be considered in NICE guideline update scheduled for June. The SPRINT trial raises new evidence for the management of hypertension, useful in people over 50 years, from urban populations, with defined cardiovascular risk without associated comorbidities. The applicability of SPRINT in Latin America is limited by increased costs associated with hypertensive patients' integrated health care, low care coverage, and lack of integrated care programs.

Current clinical practice guidelines in atrial fibrillation: a review.

The aim of this study is the methodological evaluation of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG) in atrial fibrillation. This is the second in a series of articles of review, analysis, assessment in methodology and content of clinical practice guidelines in Cardiology. Among all clinical practice guidelines, we selected the American, Canadian and NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines. We used the AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation) II instrument for the assessment. In general, the guidelines obtained the lowest score in the applicability domain (mean 36.1%); while the highest score was for clarity of presentation (mean 93.5%). The lowest percentage was found in the editorial independence domain (Canadian guideline) and the highest of all scores in the applicability domain (NICE guideline). Regarding global quality, the NICE guideline obtained the AGREE II instrument best scores, followed by the American guideline, both recommended for use without modifications.

El objetivo del presente estudio es la evaluación metodológica de las guías de práctica clínica en fibrilación auricular. Este es el segundo de una serie de artículos de revisión, análisis, valoración metodológica y contenido de las guías de práctica clínica en cardiología. De todas las guías de práctica clínica se seleccionaron la Guía Americana, Canadiense y la del National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, (NICE, por su sigla en inglés), y se utilizó el instrumento Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) para evaluar cada una de ellas En general, las guías obtuvieron el menor puntaje en el dominio de aplicabilidad (media 36,1%); mientras que el mayor puntaje fue para el dominio de claridad en la presentación (media 93,5%). El menor puntaje hallado fue en el dominio de independencia editorial (Guía Canadiense) y el mayor de todos los puntajes fue en el dominio “Claridad de la presentación” (guía The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE). Al evaluar la calidad global de las guías de práctica clínica analizadas, NICE es la que mejor puntuaciones obtiene al aplicar el instrumento Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE), seguido de la americana, siendo ambas recomendadas sin modificaciones.

Preeclampsia y defecto cardiaco fetal: ¿existe una asociación? revisión de la evidencia / Preeclampsia and fetal heart defect: is there an association? evidence review

Introducción: La preeclampsia (PE) es un desorden multisistémico complejo causado por una angiogénesis anormal placentaria. La cardiopatía congénita (CC) es uno de los defectos estructurales más comunes en neonatos. Recientemente, diversos estudios han identificado un desequilibrio en los niveles de factores proangiogénicos y antiangiogénicos en sangre umbilical de neonatos con CC similares a los hallados en sangre de mujeres con PE, lo que sugiere una posible asociación. Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia científica disponible sobre la relación entre la PE y el desarrollo de CC en neonatos. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Scopus y Medline/Pubmed utilizando los términos "pre-eclampsia" y "congenital heart defects", se seleccionaron 4 artículos que relacionaban las variables PE y CC, los cuales fueron revisados a texto completo. Únicamente se encontraron trabajos de tipo observacional analítico (1 estudio de prevalencia, 1 estudio de casos y controles y 2 estudios de cohortes), publicados entre el 2014 y 2016. Resultados: La PE de inicio temprano (<34 semanas) fue el factor de riesgo más importante asociado al desarrollo de CC en neonatos. La severidad de un defecto cardiaco se asocia con la intensidad y el momento de inicio de los desequilibrios en los factores angiogénicos. Conclusión: Encontramos evidencia relevante de la asociación entre PE y CC. La condición hipertensiva y los cambios endoteliales condicionados por ésta, estarían relacionados con el aumento de riesgo para el desarrollo de la CC antes que la exposición a medicamentos antihipertensivos.

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex multisystem disorder caused by an abnormal placental angiogenesis. Congenital heart disease (CHD) is one of the most common structural defects in newborn infants. Recently, several studies have identified an imbalance in the levels of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in umbilical blood of newborn infants with CHD similar to those found in the blood of women with PE, suggesting a possible association. Objective: To review the available scientific evidence about the relationship between the PE and the development of CHD in newborn infants. Method: A search was conducted in Scopus and Medline/PubMed databases using the terms "pre-eclampsia" and "congenital heart defects". Four articles that linked PE and CHD were selected and reviewed in full text. Only analytical observational studies were found (1 prevalence study, 1 case-control study and 2 cohort studies), published between 2014 and 2016. Results: Early onset PE (<34 weeks) was the most important risk factor for the development of CHD in newborn infants. The severity of a heart defect is associated with the intensity and the onset time of imbalances in the angiogenic factors. Conclusion: We found relevant evidence on the possible association between PE and CHD. Hypertensive condition and endothelial changes conditioned by this seem to be linked to increased risk for the development of CHD instead of exposure to antihypertensive drugs.