Is Physical Activity-Related Self-Efficacy Associated with Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour among Ambulatory Children with Cerebral Palsy?

Purpose: To determine how physical activity-related self-efficacy is associated with physical activity and sedentary behaviour time among ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP). Method: Children with CP, Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels I-III (N = 26; aged 9-18 y), completed the task self-efficacy component of a self-efficacy scale and wore Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers for 5 days. Correlations (Pearson and Spearman's rank-order; α = 0.050) were conducted to evaluate the relationships among age, GMFCS level, self-efficacy, and both daily moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time. Linear regression models were used to determine the relationships among the independent variables and MVPA and sedentary time. Results: Self-efficacy was positively associated with MVPA time (r = 0.428, p = 0.015) and negatively correlated with sedentary time (r = -0.332, p = 0.049). In our linear regression models, gross motor function (ß = -0.462, p = 0.006), age (ß = -0.344, p = 0.033), and self-efficacy (ß = 0.281, p = 0.080) were associated with MVPA time (R2 = 0.508), while GMFCS level (ß = 0.439, p = 0.003) and age (ß = 0.605, p < 0.001) were associated with sedentary time (R2 = 0.584). Conclusions: This research suggests that self-efficacy, age, and gross motor function are associated with MVPA in children with CP. Additional research is needed to confirm these findings and further explore the influence of self-efficacy on sedentary behaviour.

Objectif : déterminer l'association entre l'autoefficacité liée à l'activité physique et la durée de l'activité et du comportement sédentaire chez les enfants ambulatoires ayant la paralysie cérébrale (PC). Méthodologie : des enfants ayant la PC âgés de 9 à 18 ans (N = 26) présentant les niveaux I à III du système de classification de la fonction motrice globale (GMFCS) ont effectué l'élément d'autoefficacité de l'échelle d'autoévaluation et ont porté des accéléromètres Actigraph GT3X+ pendant cinq jours. Les chercheurs ont établi des corrélations (hiérarchie de Pearson et Spearman; α = 0,050) pour évaluer les relations entre l'âge, le niveau de GMFCS, l'autoefficacité et à la fois l'activité physique modérée à vigoureuse (APMV) et à la durée de la sédentarité. Ils ont utilisé les modèles de régression linéaire pour déterminer la relation entre, d'une part, les variables indépendantes et, d'autre part, l'APMV et la sédentarité. Résultats : l'autoefficacité était associée de manière positive au temps d'APMV (r = 0,428, p = 0,015) et de manière négative avec la durée de sédentarité (r = ­0,332, p = 0,049). Dans les modèles de régression linéaire des chercheurs, la fonction motrice globale (ß = ­0,462, p = 0,006), l'âge (ß = ­0,344, p = 0,033) et l'autoefficacité (ß = 0,281, p = 0,080) étaient associés à la durée de l'APMV (R2 = 0,508), mais le niveau du GMFCS (ß = 0,439, p = 0,003) et l'âge (ß = 0,605, p < 0,001) étaient corrélés avec la durée de sédentarité (R2 = 0,584). Conclusions : selon la présente recherche, l'autoefficacité, l'âge et la fonction motrice globale sont liées à l'APMV chez les enfants ayant la PC. D'autres recherches devront être réalisées pour confirmer ces observations et explorer plus à fond l'influence de l'autoefficacité sur le comportement sédentaire.

Sedentary behavior and children with physical disabilities: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: The aim of this review was to summarize research regarding sedentary behavior in children with physical disabilities related to (1) sedentary behavior patterns, (2) measurement of sedentary behavior, and (3) current state of the evidence regarding the effectiveness of interventions. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using established scoping review methodology. Articles were eligible for inclusion if participants were 0-18 years of age, had physical disabilities, and the focus of the research was on sedentary behavior patterns, measurement of sedentary behavior or evaluation of interventions to decrease sedentary behavior. RESULTS: The majority of included studies (n = 36) were observational and described sedentary behavior patterns (n = 29), primarily with children with cerebral palsy (n = 22). Accelerometry was frequently used to measure sedentary behavior for ambulatory children; however, questionnaires, surveys and interviews were also used. Few studies (n = 3) conducted to evaluate interventions for decreasing sedentary behavior were included; existing evidence does not support effectiveness of strategies to reduce sedentary behavior in children with physical disabilities. Few studies addressed sedentary behavior in younger children or children who use wheelchairs. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of interventions to decrease sedentary behavior in children with physical disabilities is needed. Future research should also address measurement of physical activity with children who use wheelchairs as their primary method of mobility. Implications for rehabilitationIntervention strategies to decrease sedentary behavior are increasingly discussed; however, additional research is needed to evaluate effectiveness.Strategies for addressing sedentary behavior should expand to include consideration of lengths of sedentary bouts and breaks from sedentary behavior, and not just focus on total sedentary time.Research in this area has focused on ambulatory children; a greater research emphasis on children who are non-ambulatory is warranted.Agreement and consistent use of accelerometry protocols is recommended to advance this body of research.

Sarcopenia, definición y diagnóstico: ¿Necesitamos valores de referencia para adultos mayores de Latinoamérica? / Sarcopenia, definition and diagnosis: do we need reference values in older adults from latin america?

La sarcopenia es uno de los principales síndromes geriátricos que está asociada con limitación en las actividades de la vida diaria, discapacidad y mortalidad en la población adulta mayor. Sin embargo, su definición, criterios diagnósticos y puntos de corte son diversos en la literatura, lo que dificulta el diagnóstico de la sarcopenia. El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa fue detectar en la literatura todos los consensos internacionales relacionados con sarcopenia, comparar su definición, criterios diagnósticos y puntos de corte, con el propósito de identificar una definición y criterios que puedan ser utilizados en Latinoamérica. Fueron identificados 7 consensos internacionales que han definido la sarcopenia como un síndrome/enfermedad caracterizado por la pérdida de la masa y función muscular asociada al proceso de envejecimiento. A pesar de tener una definición similar, no hay una total concordancia entre los criterios y evaluaciones. La sarcopenia puede ser detectada utilizando evaluaciones funcionales de fuerza muscular, velocidad de la marcha y equilibrio, que son frecuentemente utilizados por profesionales del área de la rehabilitación. Adicionalmente, el riesgo de sarcopenia puede ser identificado utilizando los cuestionarios SARC-F y SARC-CalF. Debido a su impacto funcional, la sarcopenia debería ser diagnosticada precozmente en adultos mayores por terapeutas ocupacionales, kinesiólogos y fisioterapeutas, para prevenir y tratar futuras complicaciones clínicas y funcionales en esta población. Es necesario la creación de valores de referencia para favorecer el diagnóstico de la sarcopenia en población latinoamericana.

Sarcopenia is one of the main geriatric syndromes that has been associated with limitation in activities of daily living, disability, and mortality in the elderly population. However, the definition, diagnostic criteria and cut-off points are diverse in the literature, which makes the diagnosis of sarcopenia difficult. The aim of this narrative review was to detect in the literature all the international consensus related to sarcopenia, to compare their definition, diagnostic criteria and cut-off points, in order to identify a definition and criteria that can be used in Latin America. Seven international consensuses were identified that have defined sarcopenia as a syndrome / disease characterized by loss of muscle mass and function associated with the aging process. Despite having a similar definition, there is not a total concordance between the criteria and evaluations. Sarcopenia can be detected using functional assessments of muscle strength, gait speed, and balance, which are frequently used by professionals in the area of rehabilitation. Additionally, the risk of sarcopenia can be assessed using SARC-F and SARC-CaF. Due to its functional impact, sarcopenia should be diagnosed early in older adults by occupational therapists, physical therapists and physiotherapists, to prevent and treat future clinical and functional complications in this population. The creation of reference values is necessary to favor the diagnosis of sarcopenia in the Latin American population.