[Immunomodulators for topical application to prevent and manage chronic adenoiditis in children].

The authors report the results of a study on the efficacy of topical application of the immunomodulator IRS 19 in children presenting with chronic adenoiditis and grade I-III hypertrophy of adenoid vegetation. The use of this preparation is shown to faster and more efficaciously normalize the volume of the lymphoid tissue than irrigation of the nasopharynx with saline solutions. Moreover, the treatment of chronic adenoiditis with IRS 19 promoted normalization of biocenosis of the nasopharyngeal secretion and significantly decreased the abundance of pathogenic microflora. Specifically, the overall frequency of exacerbations and the frequency of exacerbations of adenoiditis decreased three- and two-fold respectively while the duration of the disease shortened. It is recommended that the topical immunomodulator IRS 19 should be included in the programs of planned seasonal treatment of children suffering chronic adenoiditis (to be applied at least 2-3 times annually).

[Assessment of the effectiveness of sinuforte used for the combined treatment of rhinosinusitis and exudative otitis media in children].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate efficiency, safety, and tolerability of two single doses of sinuforte (INVAR, Russia) used in the combined treatment of rhinosinusitis (including that with concurrent exudative otitis media) in children at the age from 5 to 12 years. The data obtained suggest high efficiency of sinuforte in the treatment of mild and moderately severe acute rhinosinusitis and exudative otitis media. Inclusion of sinuforte in combined therapy of these conditions makes it possible to avoid drainage procedures and decreases duration of antibacterial treatment. Simultaneous acceleration of the recovery of functional activity of endonasal mucosa suggests pronounced anti-recurrent action of sinuforte.

[Monotherapy of rhinitis of various etiology].

The article describes various forms of rhinitis and principles of their management; results of monotherapy of patients with different forms of acute rhinitis (viral, allergic) using homeopathic drug corisalium.

[Endoscopic laser surgery in combined nasopharyngeal and middle ear pathology in children with conductive hypoacusis].

Endoscopic laser surgery on lymphoid structures of the nasopharynx near the pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube was made with Lazon-10P laser in 67 children aged 3 to 14 years with documented exudative otitis media (EOM). All the children had conductive hypoacusis. Children who had tympanogram of type B and in whom otoscopy detected exudate behind the tympanic membrane were subjected to one-stage laser tympanostomy in the anteroinferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane followed by transtympanic drug introduction into the tympanic cavity. Tympanostoma closed spontaneously 3 weeks later. Normal hearing recovered in all the children. Diagnostic endoscopy of the nasopharynx can reveal causes underlying dysfunction of the auditory tube. The results demonstrate high efficacy of the methods allowing elimination of mechanical occlusion of the auditory tube in the region of its pharyngeal opening with one-stage intervention on the middle ear.

[Effects of respiratory allergic pathology on voice function in children]. / Respiratornye allergozy, ikh vliianie na funktsiiu golosoobrazovaniia u detei.

The article deals with respiratory allergic pathology in children with a focus on the course of different forms regarding anatomo-physiological changes of the growing organism, on laryngeal status and voice function. Difficulties of examination of the larynx in children especially in young children are described as well as methods of such examination. It is emphasized that children with different forms of respiratory allergic pathology need endoscopic ENT examination. Original clinical experience is analysed.

[Cycloferon--a new domestic preparation for the prophylaxis of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections]. / Tsikloferon--novyi otechestvennyi preparat dlia profilaktiki grippa i drugikh ORVI.

The results of the placebo-controlled multicenter study of the epidemiological efficiency of the preparation Cycloferon for the prophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections in children and adolescents are presented. A total of 16,000 children and adolescents were selected for the study. The epidemiological efficiency of the preparation manifested in 1.5- 2.9-fold decreased morbidity level with a protection index equal to 41 - 90%, was demonstrated.

[Endoscopic application of surgical lasers in persistent obstructions in laryngopharynx, larynx and trachea in children]. / Endoskopicheskoe primenenie khirurgicheskikh lazerov pri stoikikh obstruktivnykh protsessakh v gortannoi chasti glotki, gortani i trakhee u detei.

CO2, YAG-Nd and copper lasers were applied for elimination of persistent obstruction of the laryngopharynx, larynx and trachea in 331 patients aged 23 days to 15 years. Scar stenosis, vascular tumors, cysts, nonspecific granulemas were diagnosed in 271, 29, 8 and 23 patients, respectively. Current and newly-developed techniques reducing thermal damage to the adjacent to laser-exposed tissues and principles of laser treatment choice for different obstructions are analysed.

[Malformations of intranasal structures and rhinosinusitis in children]. / Poroki razvitiia vnutrinosovykh struktur i rinosinusity u detei.

240 patients with acute and 233 children with chronic nasal and paranasal sinus disease aged under 14 years have undergone endoscopic examination. It was found that the number of serious developmental defects hindering drainage of the paranasal sinusis was higher in children with rhinogenic orbital complications than in those with acute sinusitis. Chronic affections of the nose and paranasal sinusis in most examinees were accompanied by malformations of the intranasal structures deteriorating mucociliary transport both in nasal cavity and paranasal sinusis. The occurrence of the above and septal defects increased with age. The conclusion is made that defects of the intranasal structures contribute significantly to the onset of acute sinusis (AS) in children, AS transformation into chronic form, emergence of complications along with general and local immunodeficiency, microbial virulence. The findings support the principal conception of sinusitis pathogenesis offered by W. Messerklinger which justifies early functional endoscopic operations in nasal cavity for prevention and treatment of nasal and paranasal diseases.

[Immunological indicators in children with laryngeal papillomatosis and possible ways of immunocorrection]. / Issledovanie immunologicheskikh pokazatelei u detei s papillomatozom gortani i vozmozhnye puti immunokorrektsii.

Clinicoimmunological characteristics were followed up in the course of laryngeal papillomatosis (LP) in 96 children. It was found that they had suppressed T-cell immunity, phagocytosis which still worsen with the disease aggravation and recurrences. A decrease in nonspecific resistance, properdin, lysozyme, complement and secretory IgA indicated impairment of nasopharyngeal and laryngeal local immunity. A scheme of combined treatment is proposed incorporating basic therapy with reaferon, systemic immunomodulators (thymalin, T-activin) and local immunocorrection. Such approach reduced the time of basic treatment and prolonged remission 2.5-3-fold.

[Diagnostic endoscopy in pediatric rhinology]. / Diagnosticheskaia éndoskopiia v rinologii u detei.

The paper provides a description on indications to diagnostic endoscopy, its techniques, specific pediatric features, types of anesthesia. Typical complications are specified. Emphasis is placed on local developmental defects of the nasal cavity, lateral wall in particular, as they interfere with natural sinus drainage in many children with chronic and recurrent sinusitis, chronic rhinitis. The tables detail variants of the above deformities with specification of the likely site of stenosis in so-called osteomeatal zone. It is believed that minor surgical correction in the above zone is more preferable than extended radical operations. This seems important in pediatric practice.