RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Some factors can act on nutritional status of patients operated for a gastrointestinal cancer. A timely and appropriate nutritional intervention could have a positive effect on postoperative outcomes. AIM: To determine the effect of a program of intestinal rehabilitation and early postoperative enteral nutrition on complications and clinical outcomes of patients underwent gastrointestinal surgery for cancer. METHODS: This is a prospective study of 465 patients underwent gastrointestinal surgery for cancer consecutively admitted in an oncological intensive care unit. The program of intestinal rehabilitation and early postoperative enteral nutrition consisted in: 1) general rules, and 2) gastrointestinal rules. RESULTS: The mean age of analysed patients was 63.7±9.1 years. The most frequent operation sites were colon-rectum (44.9%), gynaecological with intestinal suture (15.7%) and oesophagus-gastric (11.0%). Emergency intervention was performed in 12.7% of patients. The program of intestinal rehabilitation and early postoperative enteral nutrition reduced major complication (19.2% vs. 10.2%; p=0.030), respiratory complications (p=0.040), delirium (p=0.032), infectious complications (p=0.047) and gastrointestinal complications (p<0.001), mainly anastomotic leakage (p=0.033). The oncological intensive care unit mortality (p=0.018), length of oncological intensive care unit (p<0.001) and hospital (p<0.001) stay were reduced as well. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a program of intestinal rehabilitation and early postoperative enteral nutrition is associated with reduction in postoperative complications and improvement of clinical outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer.
Assuntos
Nutrição Enteral , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/reabilitação , Neoplasias Gastrointestinais/cirurgia , Cuidados Pós-Operatórios , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Some factors can act on nutritional status of patients operated for a gastrointestinal cancer. A timely and appropriate nutritional intervention could have a positive effect on postoperative outcomes. Aim: To determine the effect of a program of intestinal rehabilitation and early postoperative enteral nutrition on complications and clinical outcomes of patients underwent gastrointestinal surgery for cancer. Methods: This is a prospective study of 465 patients underwent gastrointestinal surgery for cancer consecutively admitted in an oncological intensive care unit. The program of intestinal rehabilitation and early postoperative enteral nutrition consisted in: 1) general rules, and 2) gastrointestinal rules. Results: The mean age of analysed patients was 63.7±9.1 years. The most frequent operation sites were colon-rectum (44.9%), gynaecological with intestinal suture (15.7%) and oesophagus-gastric (11.0%). Emergency intervention was performed in 12.7% of patients. The program of intestinal rehabilitation and early postoperative enteral nutrition reduced major complication (19.2% vs. 10.2%; p=0.030), respiratory complications (p=0.040), delirium (p=0.032), infectious complications (p=0.047) and gastrointestinal complications (p<0.001), mainly anastomotic leakage (p=0.033). The oncological intensive care unit mortality (p=0.018), length of oncological intensive care unit (p<0.001) and hospital (p<0.001) stay were reduced as well. Conclusions: Implementing a program of intestinal rehabilitation and early postoperative enteral nutrition is associated with reduction in postoperative complications and improvement of clinical outcomes in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer.
RESUMO Racional: Alguns fatores podem atuar sobre o estado nutricional de pacientes operados por câncer gastrointestinal. Intervenção nutricional oportuna e adequada poderia ter efeito positivo nos resultados pós-operatórios. Objetivo: Determinar o efeito de um programa de reabilitação intestinal e nutrição enteral pós-operatória precoce em complicações e resultados clínicos de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia gastrointestinal para câncer. Métodos: É estudo prospectivo de 465 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia gastrointestinal para câncer consecutivamente admitido em uma unidade de terapia intensiva oncológica. O programa de reabilitação intestinal e nutrição enteral pós-operatória precoce consistiu em: 1) regras gerais e 2) regras gastrointestinais. Resultados: A idade média dos pacientes analisados foi de 63,7±9,1 anos. Os locais de operação mais frequentes foram colorretais (44,9%), ginecológicos com sutura intestinal (15,7%) e esofagogástrico (11,0%). Intervenção de emergência foi realizada em 12,7% dos pacientes. O programa de reabilitação intestinal e nutrição enteral pós-operatória precoce reduziu complicações maiores (19,2% vs. 10,2%; p=0,030), complicações respiratórias (p=0,040), delírio (p=0,032), complicações infecciosas (p=0,047) e gastrointestinais complicações (p<0,001), principalmente vazamento anastomótico (p=0,033). A mortalidade da unidade oncológica de terapia intensiva (p=0,018), duração da unidade oncológica de terapia intensiva (p<0,001) e hospital (p<0,001) permaneceu também reduzida. Conclusões: A implantação de um programa de reabilitação intestinal e nutrição enteral pós-operatória precoce está associada à redução das complicações pós-operatórias e à melhora dos resultados clínicos em pacientes submetidos a operações gastrointestinais para câncer.