RESUMO
Self-harm behaviors in children and adolescents constitute an important public health problem with prevalence figures in the clinical population between 40 and 80%. The objectives of the study were to analyze and compare the Spanish sub-samples of two studies, SEYLE and WE-STAY to determine prevalence, self-harm patterns and factors associated with self-harm behaviors, notably the use of alcohol or drugs. The questionnaires used in both studies were the Global School Health Survey (GSHS), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The self-harm behaviors were evaluated with a modified 6-item version of s the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI). The independence of the study's categorical variables was assessed using the Chi-square test. The change in the relative risk of self-harm between the SEYLE study and WE-STAY was evaluated through the odds ratio (OR) calculation. Two different logistic regression models were calculated in order to establish the factors associated with self-harm behaviors in each study. In the present study, the rates of DSH vary according to study and sex, ranging from 0.58% to 2.08%, and different patterns of self-harm are evidenced by sex, with males self-injuring more frequently by self-inflicted blows and burns, while young women more often cut themselves. The presence of depressive symptoms and alcohol use were the factors most strongly associated with an increased risk of DSH.
Las conductas autolesivas en niños y adolescentes constituyen un importante problema de salud pública con cifras de prevalencia en la población clínica entre el 40 y 80%. Los objetivos del estudio son analizar y comparar las submuestras españolas de dos trabajos, SEYLE y WE-STAY, para conocer la prevalencia, los patrones de autolesión y los factores asociados a las conductas autolesivas, en particular el consumo de alcohol o drogas. Los cuestionarios utilizados en ambos estudios fueron la Encuesta Global de Salud Escolar (GSHS), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI-II), el Cuestionario de Fortalezas y Dificultades (SDQ). Los comportamientos autolesivos fueron evaluados con una versión modificada de 6 ítems basada en el Inventario de Autolesiones Deliberadas (DSHI). La independencia de las variables categóricas del estudio se evaluó mediante la prueba Ji-Cuadrado. El cambio en el riesgo relativo de autolesión entre el estudio SEYLE y WE-STAY, se evaluó a través del cálculo de odds ratio (OR). Se calcularon dos modelos de regresión logística diferentes con el fin de establecer los factores asociados con comportamientos autolesivos en cada estudio. En el presente estudio las tasas de DSH varían en función del estudio y del sexo en un rango entre 0,58% y 2,08%, presentando patrones de autolesiones diferentes según el sexo, los hombres se autolesionaron más frecuentemente mediante golpes autoinfligidos y quemaduras, mientras que las mujeres se hicieron más frecuentemente cortes. La presencia de síntomas depresivos y el consumo de alcohol fueron los factores asociados de forma más robusta a un mayor riesgo de DSH.
Assuntos
Comportamento do Adolescente , Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas/psicologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Prevalência , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/etiologia , Fatores Sexuais , Espanha/epidemiologia , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Background: Depressed patients with early traumatic experiences may represent a clinically and biologically distinct subtype, with worse clinical outcomes and greater risk of suicide. Since early traumatic experiences alter development of systems that regulate the stress response, increasing sensitivity to stress and mood disorders later in life, certain personality features may influence coping strategies, putting individuals with depression and a history of early traumatic experiences at greater risk of suicidal behavior. Objective: To determine whether impulsivity mediates the relationship between early traumatic experiences and suicidal behavior in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). Methods: The total sample consists of 190 patients [mean age (SD) = 53.71 (10.37); females: 66.3%], with current MDD (DSM-5 criteria). The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF), the List of Threatening Experiences (LTE), and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11 (BIS-11) were used to assess childhood and adulthood adverse life events and impulsivity, respectively. We developed mediation models by bootstrap sampling methods. Results: Eighty-one (42.6%) patients had a history of previous suicide attempts (SA). CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total scores were significantly higher in MDD patients with previous SA. Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between the CTQ-SF-Total and BIS-11-Total, CTQ-SF-Total and HDRS-Total, and BIS-11-Total and HDRS-Total scores. Regression models found that CTQ-SF-Total, BIS-11-Total, and HDRS-Total scores were associated with SA. Mediation analyses further revealed the association between CTQ-SF-Total and SA was mediated by the indirect effect of the BIS-11-Total score (b = 0.007, 95% CI = 0.001, 0.015), after statistically controlling for sex, the HDRS-Total, and the LTE-Total. Discussion: Data suggest that impulsivity could mediate the influence of childhood trauma on suicidal behavior. This will help understand the role of risk factors in suicidal behavior and aid in the development of prevention interventions focused on modifiable mediators when risk factors are non-modifiable.
RESUMO
Editorial of vol. 32-2.
Editorial del vol. 32-2.
Assuntos
Consumo de Bebidas Alcoólicas , Betacoronavirus , Infecções por Coronavirus , Pandemias , Pneumonia Viral , Uso de Tabaco , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2RESUMO
Editorial of vol. 31, n. 2.
Editorial del vol. 31, nº 2.
Assuntos
Disfunção Cognitiva/diagnóstico , Fumar Maconha/efeitos adversos , Transtornos Psicóticos/complicações , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Disfunção Cognitiva/etiologia , Humanos , Comportamento SocialRESUMO
Alcohol use/abuse is a health problem in adolescents. The last Survey on use of drugs in Secondary Schoolers carried out in Spain (ESTUDES 2014-2015), reveals that 76.8% of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years consumed alcohol in the previous year and 68.2% in the last month. The aim of this study is to determine the medium-term factors associated with alcohol consumption in a sample of Spanish adolescents. The present study was carried out as a part of the Saving and Empowering Young Lives project in Europe (SEYLE) project. The final sample was composed of 708 students, assessed at two times [basal (T0) and one year later (T1)] [males: 51.98%, basal mean age (SD)=4.43 (0.67)]. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed in order to investigate relationships between possible predictive variables found at time T0 and alcohol consumption at time T1. At basal time (T0) the prevalence of alcohol abuse was 25.56%, whereas the prevalence one year later was 49.72% (T1). Variables that significantly predict alcohol abuse within a year are: previous alcohol abuse at T0 (p<0.001), previous abuse of drugs (p=0.011), parents attending their sporting events (p=0.005), peer problems (p=0.019), and lack of prosocial behaviour (p=0.043). In the light of our results, it can be concluded that, in adolescents, externalizing disorders seem to be determining factors of medium-term alcohol consumption.
El uso/abuso de alcohol es un problema de salud en los adolescentes. La última Encuesta sobre uso de drogas en Enseñanzas Secundarias realizada en España (ESTUDES 2014-2015), pone de manifiesto que 76,8% de los adolescentes entre 14 y 18 años consumieron alcohol en el último año y 68,2% en el último mes. El principal objetivo es determinar los factores que se asocian con el consumo de alcohol a medio plazo en una muestra de adolescentes españoles. El estudio forma parte del proyecto Saving and Empowering Young Lives in Europe (SEYLE). La muestra final estuvo compuesta por 708 estudiantes, evaluados en dos momentos temporales [basal (T0) y al año (T1)] [varones: 51,98%, edad media basal (DE)=4,43 (0,67)]. Se realizaron análisis de regresión univariante y multivariante, con el fin de investigar las relaciones entre posibles variables predictoras descritas en el momento temporal T0 y el consumo de alcohol en el momento T1.En el momento basal (T0) la prevalencia de abuso de alcohol fue del 25,56%, mientras que la prevalencia al año fue del 49,72% (T1). Las variables que predicen de forma significativa el abuso de alcohol al cabo de un año son: abuso previo del alcohol en el momento T0 (p< 0,001), abuso previo de drogas (p=0,011), padres que asisten a sus competiciones deportivas (p=0,005), problemas de relación con compañeros (p=0,019) y ausencia de comportamiento prosocial (p=0,043). A la vista de nuestros resultados se puede concluir que, en adolescentes, los trastornos externalizantes parecen ser factores determinantes de consumo de alcohol a medio plazo.