Brazilian Guidelines for Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a scientific consensus on nutrition in cystic fibrosis. METHODS: Sixteen coordinators elaborated relevant questions on nutritional therapy in cystic fibrosis, which were divided into six sections: nutritional assessment, nutritional recommendations, nutritional intervention, dietary counseling, special situations and enzyme replacement, and gastrointestinal manifestations. Two to three specialists in the field were responsible for each section and obtaining answers formulated based on standardized bibliographic searches. The available literature was searched in the PubMed®/MEDLINE database, after training and standardization of search strategies, to write the best level of evidence for the questions elaborated. Issues related to disagreement were discussed until a consensus was reached among specialists, based on the current scientific literature. RESULTS: Forty-two questions were prepared and objectively answered, resulting in a consensus of nutritional therapy in cystic fibrosis. CONCLUSION: This work enabled establishing a scientific consensus for nutritional treatment of cystic fibrosis patients.

Brazilian Guidelines for Nutrition in Cystic Fibrosis

ABSTRACT Objective To develop a scientific consensus on nutrition in cystic fibrosis. Methods Sixteen coordinators elaborated relevant questions on nutritional therapy in cystic fibrosis, which were divided into six sections: nutritional assessment, nutritional recommendations, nutritional intervention, dietary counseling, special situations and enzyme replacement, and gastrointestinal manifestations. Two to three specialists in the field were responsible for each section and obtaining answers formulated based on standardized bibliographic searches. The available literature was searched in the PubMed®/MEDLINE database, after training and standardization of search strategies, to write the best level of evidence for the questions elaborated. Issues related to disagreement were discussed until a consensus was reached among specialists, based on the current scientific literature. Results Forty-two questions were prepared and objectively answered, resulting in a consensus of nutritional therapy in cystic fibrosis. Conclusion This work enabled establishing a scientific consensus for nutritional treatment of cystic fibrosis patients.

Association between nutritional indicators and risk of hospitalization among hemodialysis patients / Associação entre indicadores nutricionais e risco de hospitalização em pacientes em hemodiálise

ABSTRACT Objective To verify the ability of nutritional indicators to predict risk of hospitalization in hemodialysis patients. Methods This prospective cohort study was conducted in two hemodialysis units in Southern Brazil. The following nutritional indicators were evaluated: subjective global assessment, malnutrition-inflammation score, nutritional risk screening 2002, percentage of body fat, mid-upper arm muscle circumference, hand grip strength, phase angle, and serum albumin. The association between nutritional indicators and risk of hospitalization over a period of two years was analyzed. Results One hundred thirty-eight patients (55.4±15.2 years, 61.6% men) were evaluated. The cumulative incidence of hospitalization during the study was 48.0% (95%CI=37.9-58.0). Patients hospitalized during the study period had higher body mass index and lower serum albumin than those who were not hospitalized. Based on the other indicators, malnourished patients did not have a significant risk of hospitalization (p>0.05). Serum albumin was the only predictor of hospitalization. Patients with levels <3.8 g/dL had a density ratio for incidence of hospitalization 2.47 times greater than those with higher levels (p=0.003). Gender was a modifier of the effect (p interaction=0.042), with an effect in women of 7.31 (95%CI=2.34-22.9; p=0.001) and in men of 1.37 (95%CI=0.60-3.12; p=0.448). Conclusion Serum albumin was able to predict the risk of hospitalization over a period of two years in female patients undergoing hemodialysis.

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a capacidade preditiva de indicadores nutricionais em relação ao risco de hospitalização em pacientes em hemodiálise. Métodos Estudo de coorte prospectivo em duas unidades de hemodiálise no Sul do Brasil. Os indicadores nutricionais avaliados foram: avaliação subjetiva global, escore de desnutrição-inflamação, rastreamento de risco nutricional 2002, percentual de gordura corporal, circunferência muscular do braço, força do aperto da mão, ângulo de fase e albumina sérica. Foi analisada a associação entre indicadores nutricionais e risco de hospitalização no período de dois anos. Resultados Foram avaliados 138 pacientes (55.4±15.2 anos), sendo 61.6% homens. A incidência cumulativa de hospitalização foi 48.0% (IC95%=37,9-58,0). Os pacientes hospitalizados durante o período do estudo apresentaram maior índice de massa corporal e menores valores de albumina sérica em comparação aos não hospitalizados. Com base nos outros indicadores, pacientes desnutridos não apresentaram risco significativo de hospitalização (p>0,05). Albumina sérica foi o único preditor de hospitalização; pacientes com níveis <3,8 g/dL apresentaram taxa de densidade de incidência de hospitalização 2,47 vezes maior do que aqueles com níveis mais elevados (p=0,003). Sexo foi um modificador do efeito (p interação=0,042), com efeito em mulheres de 7,31 (IC95%=2,34-22,9; p=0,001) e em homens de 1,37 (IC95%=0,60-3,12; p=0,448). Conclusão A albumina sérica foi capaz de prever o risco de hospitalização no período de dois anos, em pacientes do sexo feminino em hemodiálise.

The predictive value of composite methods of nutritional assessment on mortality among haemodialysis patients.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Several parameters might indicate protein-energy wasting in patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD), and such depletion has been associated with the survival of these patients. Our aim was to identify the parameters that are associated with an increased risk of death among HD patients. METHODS: This was a prospective study with at least 13 months follow-up three times per week of 138 HD patients; 61.6% of the patients were men, 28.9% had diabetes mellitus, and 81.9% had hypertension. The associations of the survival rates based on by Kaplan-Meier analysis with the following nutritional parameters were verified: albumin, lymphocytes, % fat mass (% FM), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), subjective global assessment (SGA), malnutrition-inflammation score (MIS), and nutritional risk screening 2002 (NRS 2002). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to identify the patients' risk of death (hazard proportional ratio - HR). RESULTS: The nutritional parameters of lymphocytes and % FM were not associated with the risk of patient death. The patients who were classified as malnourished based on MAMC had a greater risk of death than did those considered nourished, but this difference was not statistically significant. The parameters of serum albumin, SGA, MIS, and NRS 2002 were associated with the risk of patient death (HR = 2.77 P = 0.042, HR = 1.88 P = 0.202, HR = 4.47 P = 0.011, HR = 3.13 P = 0.022, respectively), and the latter two parameters were significantly associated with a high risk among malnourished. CONCLUSIONS: The scores for the MIS and NRS 2002 composite methods of nutritional assessment were associated with the highest mortality risk values; thus, in conditions similar to those of our study, we suggest that the use of these parameters should be preferred.

Relationship between hand grip strength and nutritional assessment methods used of hospitalized patients / Relação entre a força do aperto da mão e métodos de avaliação nutricional em hospitalizados

OBJECTIVE: This study verified the association between hand grip strength and body mass index, subjective global assessment and nutritional risk screening 2002. METHODS: This cross-sectional study calculated the body mass index, measured hand grip strength and administered the subjective global assessment and nutritional risk screening 2002 to 118 patients hospitalized at the University Hospital of the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil. Hand grip strength was compared with the reference values for the Brazilian population according to gender and age. The statistical analyses included the Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney test and multiple linear regression. The results were considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: The prevalences of nutritional risk or malnutrition according to body mass index, global subjective assessment, nutritional risk screening 2002 and hand grip strength were 3.5%, 50.9%, 33.9% and 35.6%, respectively. Malnourished individuals according to body mass index had, on average, 11.0kg less hand grip strength than the nourished individuals (p=0.008). There was no association between hand grip strength and the subjective global assessment (malnourished individuals had -2.8kg; p=0.078) and nutritional risk screening 2002 (malnourished individuals had -1.5kg; p=0.352). CONCLUSION: Hand grip strength was associated with body mass index but not with the subjective global assessment or nutritional risk screening 2002.

OBJETIVO: Verificar a associação da força do aperto da mão com o índice de massa corporal, a avaliação subjetiva global e o rastreamento de risco nutricional 2002. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 118 pacientes internados no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brasil. Foi calculado o índice de massa corporal e foram aplicados a avaliação subjetiva global, o rastreamento de risco nutricional 2002 e a força do aperto da mão. Esta última foi comparada aos valores de referência da população brasileira, segundo sexo e idade. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste t Student ou Mann-Whitney e regressão linear múltipla, considerando uma significância estatística de p<0,05. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de risco nutricional ou desnutrição pelo índice de massa corporal, avaliação subjetiva global, rastreamento de risco nutricional 2002 e força do aperto da mão foi de 3,5%, 50,9%, 33,9% e 35,6%, respectivamente. Os indivíduos, identificados como desnutridos pelo índice de massa corporal, tiveram, em média, 11,0kg a menos na força do aperto da mão do que os nutridos (p=0,008). Não houve associação da força do aperto da mão com a avaliação subjetiva global (desnutridos tiveram -2,8kg; p=0,078) e com o rastreamento de risco nutricional 2002 (desnutridos tiveram -1,5kg; p=0,352). CONCLUSÃO: A força do aperto da mão foi associada com o índice de massa corporal, mas não com avaliação subjetiva global ou com o rastreamento de risco nutricional 2002.

Comparison between nutritional risk tools and parameters derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis with subjective global assessment.

BACKGROUND: Nutritional risk and malnutrition are highly prevalent among hospitalized patients. As a result, several methods have been developed to produce an adequate nutritional diagnosis. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to assess the relationship between nutritional risk tools and parameters derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis with a Subjective Global Assessment (SGA). DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2010. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: The study included 124 patients admitted to the Surgical Clinic I, University Hospital, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil, to undergo elective surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We utilized SGA and Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002), Nutritional Risk Index (NRI), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), Fat Mass Index (FMI), body cell mass as a percentage of the total weight (%BCM), and standardized phase angle (SPA). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED: The agreement was tested by κ coefficient, while bivariate associations were tested by Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: Prevalence of nutritional risk by NRS 2002 and NRI or malnutrition by SGA, FFMI, FMI, %BCM, and SPA was 19.3%, 69.5%, 35.5%, 12.9%, 8.1%, 46.8%, and 4.8%, respectively. The best agreement was between SGA and NRS 2002 (κ=.490), possibly because they constitute similar instruments. Patients identified as malnourished by SGA (B+C) showed considerably lower values of FFMI, FMI, BCM, and SPA. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the NRS 2002 and parameters derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis identify patients with impaired nutritional status.