Contextual Factors to Improve Implementation of Malaria Chemoprevention in Children: A Systematic Review.

Malaria remains a leading cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly among children under 5 years of age. To help address this challenge, the WHO recommends chemoprevention for certain populations. For children and infants, the WHO recommends seasonal malaria chemoprevention (SMC), perennial malaria chemoprevention (PMC; formerly intermittent preventive treatment in infants [IPTi]), and, more recently, intermittent preventive treatment in school children (IPTsc). This review describes the contextual factors, including feasibility, acceptability, health equity, financial considerations, and values and preferences, that impact implementation of these strategies. A systematic search was conducted on July 5, 2022, and repeated April 13, 2023, to identify relevant literature. Two reviewers independently screened titles for eligibility, extracted data from eligible articles, and identified and summarized themes. Of 6,295 unique titles identified, 65 were included. The most frequently evaluated strategy was SMC (n = 40), followed by IPTi (n = 18) and then IPTsc (n = 6). Overall, these strategies were highly acceptable, although with IPTsc, there were community concerns with providing drugs to girls of reproductive age and the use of nonmedical staff for drug distribution. For SMC, door-to-door delivery resulted in higher coverage, improved caregiver acceptance, and reduced cost. Lower adherence was noted when caregivers were charged with giving doses 2 and 3 unsupervised. For SMC and IPTi, travel distances and inclement weather limited accessibility. Sensitization and caregiver education efforts, retention of high-quality drug distributors, and improved transportation were key to improving coverage. Additional research is needed to understand the role of community values and preferences in chemoprevention implementation.

A scoping review about nurses on boards: 2016-2022.

BACKGROUND: The momentum to place nurses on boards (NOB) continues to build. An integrative review about NOB was published in 2017 covering 1988 to early 2016. Studies about NOB have been published since but no systematic reviews summarize the research. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the project was to describe the research about NOB from late 2016 to early 2022 framed within the Conceptual Model for Nurses on Boards (CMNOB). METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines for scoping reviews. DATA SOURCES: Databases used in the search included PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, and Academic Search Complete. Eleven records comprised the sample group. RESULTS: Of the six general purposes for the research about NOB, seven studies aimed to explore nurses' board experiences or preparation for board service. The studies' recommendations were classified within the CMNOB concepts: board composition (n = 8), board effectiveness (n = 3), and organizational performance (n = 2). Several studies' recommendations were classified into multiple concepts of the CMNOB. CONCLUSION: The research about NOB has accelerated since late 2016. Preparing nurses for board service remains central. However, until research demonstrates nurses' impact on board effectiveness and organizational performance, underrepresentation of NOB is likely to continue.

Tax incentives for preceptors of nurse practitioner students in Massachusetts: A potential solution.

With a growing population, there is an increasing need for nurse practitioners to improve access to health care. There is currently a shortage of nurse practitioner (NP) preceptors across Massachusetts, making clinical placements difficult and at times unachievable. The lack of NP preceptors has a direct impact on student outcomes, educational programs, and ultimately access to care. The authors explored lessons learned about the national scale of this problem and whether Massachusetts should entertain legislative initiatives similar to other states as a solution. Data were collected from the boards of nursing and the national and state chapters of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners regarding current and pending legislation. State and federal sources and the Massachusetts Association of Colleges of Nursing provided statistical and qualitative data on current and future needs for NP preceptors. States that have successfully passed legislation have awarded tax incentives to NP preceptors, although none of the existing regulations have assessed for their effectiveness in improving preceptor availability. Massachusetts may benefit from legislation to improve NP student access to preceptors; however, incentives related to geographical location may best serve both students and the greater population.