Application of Eye Tracker in Lie Detection.

ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the application value of eye tracking in lie detection. Methods The 40 subjects were randomly divided into two groups. The pupil diameter, fixation duration, points of fixation and blink frequency of the subjects in the experimental group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were recorded with eye tracker after they accomplished the mock crime. The eye movement parameters of subjects in the control group were directly collected. The differences in eye movement parameters of the experimental group and the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation were analyzed by t-test. Pearson coefficient analysis of correlation between eye movement parameters that had differences was conducted. The effectiveness of eye movement parameters to distinguish between the experimental group and the control group was calculated by the receiver operator characteristic （ROC） curve. Results Participants from the experimental group had shorter average pupil diameter, longer average fixation duration and fewer fixation points （P<0.05）, but the differences in blink frequency had no statistical significance. The differences in the above indicators of the control group in observing target stimulation and non-target stimulation had no statistical significance. The average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with fixation points （r=-0.255, P<0.05）; the average fixation duration showed a negative correlation with average pupil diameter （r=-0.218, P<0.05）; the fixation points showed a positive correlation with average pupil diameter （r=0.09, P<0.05）. The area under the curve of average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points was 0.603, 0.621 and 0.580, respectively. Conclusion The average pupil diameter, average fixation duration and fixation points obtained by the eye tracker under laboratory conditions can be used to detect lies.

An hsp70 fusion protein vaccine potentiates the immune response against Japanese encephalitis virus.

To evaluate the possibility of developing an effective subunit vaccine against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), mice were intraperitoneally immunized with either a neutralizing epitope (a 27-amino-acid region of the JEV E protein), or with a fusion protein between this region and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis hsp70. Both antigens were heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as fusion proteins with thioredoxin. The fusion protein antigen elicited a higher titer of anti-thioredoxin-neutralizing epitope antibodies and a stronger proliferation of lymphocytes than did either the neutralizing epitope (irrespective of the presence of mineral oil as an adjuvant), or the conventional JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine. Assays of antibody isotype and IFN-gamma and IL-4 content in post-immunization serum showed that the fusion protein elicited a higher IgG2a titer and higher levels of IFN-gamma suggesting a potentiation of the Th1 immune response. The fusion protein antigen elicited a long-lived immune response, and the antibodies were able to neutralize JEV in vitro more strongly than did those elicited by the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine. Immunization with the fusion protein generated both humoral and cellular immune responses to JEV, and the fusion protein appeared to be a more efficient protectant than the JEV SA14-14-2 vaccine.