Health related quality of life and its predictors among postpartum mother in Southeast Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study.

Background: Post-childbirth, woman's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is significantly impacted, leading to decreased daily activity, reduced self-care, challenges with breastfeeding and baby weaning, and increased medical costs for both mother and newborn.This study aimed to assess the HRQOL and its predictors among postpartum women in Southeast Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Southeast Ethiopia between March and May 2022, involving randomly selected sample of 794 postpartum women attending immunization services in public health facilities. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire, and descriptive statistics were computed. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model was fitted to predict HRQOL, with odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals used to estimate associations. Results: The study revealed that the overall HRQOL, physical component summary, and mental component summary of quality of life had mean scores of 43.80 ± 27.88, 45.39 ± 28.58, and 42.20 ± 28.15(mean ± SD) respectively. Walking to the health facility (AOR = 2.09; 95% CI: (1.31,3.31); using public transport (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.69-3.93); having the fear of COVID-19 (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.08-1.99); having health facility admission history during the recent pregnancy (AOR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.08-2.44); having postpartum depression (PPD) (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.57-2.89) were predictors of a lower level of overall HRQOL among postpartum women. Conclusion: The study found that nearly half of postpartum women in Ethiopia have lower HRQOL, with factors such as transport use, recent baby's pregnancy admission history, and postpartum depression (PPD) significantly affecting their overall, physical, and mental HRQOL. Fear of COVID-19 was found to be significantly associated with lower overall and physical HRQO. The implementation of appropriate strategies addressing identified factors is crucial for enhancing the HRQOL among postpartum women in Ethiopia.

Delay in reaching health facilities for emergency obstetric care and associated factors among postpartum mothers at Bale zones, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study.

Maternal mortality occurs in developing nations as a result of inadequate health care, delayed medical attention and the inability to access medical facilities. The three-delay model was employed to determine the causes of maternal death. There was limited data on maternal delay in reaching health facilities for emergency obstetric care services in the study area. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of delay in reaching health facilities for emergency obstetric care and associated factors among postpartum mothers at Bale and east Bale zones. An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 postnatal women from April 6 to May 6, 2022. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. The data were collected electronically using an Open Data Kit and exported to SPSS window version 25 for cleaning and analysis. Both bivariable and multivariable analysis was done by using a binary logistic regression model to identify factors associated with delay in traveling for emergency obstetric care services. Statistical significance was declared at P-value < 0.05. In this study, the prevalence of delay in reaching health facilities during emergency obstetric care was 38.1% (95%CI: 33.3, 43). The following factors showed significant association with delay in reaching health facilities during emergency obstetric care: Average monthly income (AOR = 1.87; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.14), distance (AOR = 4.35; 95% CI: 2.65, 7.14), a referral from other health facilities (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.01, 3.11) and delay one (AOR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.7, 4.93). This study showed that the prevalence of delay in reaching health facilities for emergency obstetric care services in the study area was high. Promoting road accessibility and transport mechanisms and strengthening referral mechanisms shall be emphasized.

An infant with lamellar ichthyosis presenting with meningitis.

Lamellar ichthyosis is a rare congenital disorder characterized by widespread epidermal hyperkeratinization. It is a rare clinical disorder throughout the entire planet, and newborns with this disease frequently have collodion membranes (adhering, supple, parchment-like membrane). We present a 45-day-old infant who came to our facility complaining of a high-grade persistent fever, high-pitched crying, decreased feeding, odd body movements, rapid breathing, and grunting that lasted for 2 days. He was diagnosed with lamellar ichthyosis.

Situs inversus with levocardia in a 15-year-old male adolescent: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Situs inversus with levocardia is a rare anomaly in which the heart is present in the left chest but the abdominal viscera are transposed. It is caused by a single incomplete penetration of an autosomal recessive gene. It is unclear what exactly causes situs inversus with levocardia. Even if situs inversus can be identified following a comprehensive physical examination, it is now possible to validate the results and search for further information and pathologies since medical imaging is so widely accessible. CASE: A 15-year-old Oromo male child from a remote area of Bale Zone presented to the Goba Referral Hospital's medical emergency outpatient department complaining of periumbilical pain that had persisted for 4 months. He frequently came to our hospital and was admitted three times with the same problem. Objectively, there was tenderness over the left lower quadrant and periumbilical area. The sonographic evaluation discovered the transposition of the liver and spleen with cardiac apex on the left side. He received conservative treatment with ceftriaxone 1 g intravenous twice a day and metronidazole 500 mg intravenous for 5 days, and he went home improved. CONCLUSION: Isolated levocardia is a rare form of situs inversus in which the heart is in the traditional levo position while the abdominal organs are in the dextro position. What causes situs inversus with levocardia is unknown. Despite the fact that situs inversus can be diagnosed after a thorough physical examination, medical imaging has allowed us to confirm the findings as well as understand more about diseases. Due to the severity of an underlying heart defect, situs inversus with levocardia has a dismal prognosis.

Prevesical hydatid cyst: A case report.

Hydatid cyst is a zoonotic disease caused by a tapeworm of the genus Echinococcus granulosus either in its adult or larval forms. Original pelvic cysts are rare; however, the majority of abdominal and pelvic hydatid cysts are believed to result from inadvertent surgical inoculation or spontaneous rupture from a primary hepatic focus. We present a 35-year-old female patient who visited our facility complaining of lower abdominal pain that had persisted for the last 5 months.

Isolated breast hydatid cyst: A case report.

A hydatid cyst is a parasitic infestation most frequently caused by the larval tapeworm known as Echinococcus granulosus. Breast hydatidosis is a very uncommon condition that may be the main site or one of its components in cases of extensive hydatidosis. We discussed a 28-year-old female patient who had been experiencing left breast pain for a year prior to her presentation.

Magnitude of erectile dysfunction and associated factors among adult diabetic men on follow-up at Goba and Robe hospitals, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia: hospital-based cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: Erectile dysfunction is defined as the inability to achieve and/or maintain an erection of sufficient rigidity and duration to permit satisfactory sexual performance. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of erectile dysfunction and associated factors among adult diabetic men on follow-up at Goba and Robe hospitals, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia,2022. METHODS: Hospital-based cross-sectional study design was used among 420 adult diabetic men from March 1 to April 30 using a systematic random sampling technique. An international index of erectile function questionnaire containing five questions was used to assess the outcome variable. The data were entered, edited, and coded using Epidata version 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS version 26. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis were performed to identify factors associated with erectile dysfunction. Adjusted odds ratios with their corresponding 95% confidence interval were computed to estimate the strength of association. Statistical significance was declared at p-value < 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was found to be 354 (84.3%). Multivariable logistic regression revealed that erectile dysfunction is significantly associated with old age (AOR = 12.39, 95% CI:5.10-30.08), inadequate physical activity (AOR = 4.15, 95% CI:1.33-12.97), and being rich (AOR = 2.62, 95% CI = 1.21-5.66). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in this study population is nearly nine out of ten. Age, inadequate physical activity, and wealth index were independent predictors of erectile dysfunction. Assessment and management of erectile dysfunction in diabetic clinics should be routine medical care.

Determinants of neonatal sepsis among neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care units in ethiopian hospitals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Several studies have identified risk factors for neonatal sepsis, but they are limited to specific geographical areas with results that may not be generalizable to other populations. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine the contributing factors, representative at a national level, that influence the occurrence of neonatal sepsis in neonates receiving hospital care in Ethiopia. Methods and materials: A thorough search was conducted across PubMed/Medline, Hinari, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar to identify relevant studies. The pooled odds ratio was estimated using the random effect model. The heterogeneity among the included studies was evaluated using the I2 and Cochrane Q-statistics tests. Egger's tests used to assess publication bias. Results: A total of 19 studies comprising 6190 study participants were included. Neonatal sepsis was positively associated with several factors, namely: prolonged premature rupture of membrane (OR: 3.85, 95% CI: 2.31-6.42), low first minute APGAR score (OR: 3.74, 95% CI: 1.29-10.81), low fifth minute APGAR score (OR: 4.17, 95% CI: 1.76-9.91), delayed initiation of breastfeeding (OR: 3.41, 95% CI: 2.18-5.36), and infection of the maternal urinary tract (OR: 3.17, 95% CI: 1.87-5.35). Conclusion: Duration of rupture of membrane, APGAR score, time of initiation of breastfeeding, and urinary tract infection have a role in the development of neonatal sepsis.

Prevalence and associated risk factors for failed obstetric fistula repair in East African countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Obstetric fistula repair failure is a combination of unsuccessful fistula closure and/or incontinence following a successful closure. There is an inconsistent finding on the failure of obstetric fistula repair in East Africa. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of failed obstetric fistula repair and its associated factors among women who have undergone fistula repair in East Africa. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis were written following the PRISMA guideline protocol. A web-based electronic search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and HINARI was performed to find primary studies. Additional articles were searched by cross-referencing references. A random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of failed obstetric fistula repair. The heterogeneity of studies was weighed using I2 test statistics. Publication bias was assessed by Eggers and funnel plot test. Results: The 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review and meta-analysis of failed obstetric fistula repair were included. Nonetheless, one study was used for factor analysis but not in pooled prevalence analysis. The pooled prevalence of obstetric fistula repair failure in East Africa was 26.89% (95% confidence interval: 21.71, 32.07). Labor duration > 48 h (Pooled odds ratio = 2.46; 95% confidence interval 1.58, 3.82), fistula size >3 cm (Pooled odds ratio = 3.92; 95% confidence interval 2.19, 7.05), previous fistula repair (Pooled odds ratio = 3.20; 95% confidence interval 1.94, 5.29), Goh Type 4 fistulas (Pooled odds ratio = 6.07; 95% confidence interval 2.50, 14.75), completely destructed urethra (Pooled odds ratio = 3.35; 95% confidence interval 1.69, 6.65), and severe vaginal scaring (Pooled odds ratio = 3.89; 95% confidence interval 1.99, 7.62) were significantly associated with obstetric fistula repair failure. Conclusions: One in four women with obstetric fistula repair experienced repair failure. To fight the problem The Ministry of Health in every part of the country, in collaboration with obstetric care providers, shall intervene on factors affecting obstetric fistula repair failure to reduce or prevent the failure of obstetric fistula repair.

Knowledge of Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southeast Ethiopia.

Background: In many situations, it can still be challenging to talk about sexual and reproductive health rights, and the little scientific research available indicates that university students have a poor understanding of these issues. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of sexual and reproductive health rights among university students in southeast Ethiopia. Methodology: From February to March 2022, 483 study participants took part in an institutionally based cross-sectional study. The study participants were chosen using a SRS method. EpiData version 4.6.2.0 was used to enter data, and SPSS version 26.0 was used to analyze it. A bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with SRHR knowledge. The odds ratio and a 95% confidence interval were used to calculate the significance level. Results: The optimal level of knowledge on SRHR was discovered to be 52.1% [95% CI (47.32-55.08)] among university students in southeast Ethiopia. The multivariate binary logistic analysis indicated that being urban in the origin of residency [AOR=1.52, 95% CI (1.02-1.14)], being a health student [AOR= 12.21, 95% CI (7.27-14.88)], attending secondary school in private [AOR=6.12, 95% CI (1.02-1.14)], accessibility of a RH club on campus [AOR=6.12, 95% CI (1.02-1.14)] and participating in RH club [AOR=3.95, 95% CI (3.47-5.90)] to be variables that are strongly related to the optimal level of knowledge. Conclusion and Recommendation: Four out of ten students had poor knowledge of SRHR. The variables associated with a high level of knowledge about SRHR were urban residency, health students, attending a private secondary school, the availability of a RH club on campus, and participation in a RH club. Including sexual education in the non-health department's course, establishing RH clubs on campus, and encouraging participation of students in these clubs are recommended.

Ingestion of Metallic Materials Found in the Stomach and First Part of the Duodenum of a Schizophrenic Man: Case Report.

Introduction: Foreign body ingestion causes a serious health problems like bleeding, abscess formation, septicemia, perforation, and obstruction of the esophagus, stomach and the intestine. In adults, foreign body ingestion is more common in the elderly, individuals with mental illness or who have an intellectual disability, alcohol poisoning, prison inmates, and drug traffickers. Case Presentation: We present a 22 year old male patient who presented with abdominal distension and vomiting of ingested matter of two to three episodes per day of one month duration. He is a known schizophrenic patient for the past three years and has been on follow up at a nearby hospital. He swallowed metallic nails in an attempt to kill himself. On abdominal examination there was distension, and epigastric tenderness. His plain abdominal x-ray showed multiple radiopaque foreign body in the stomach. Similarly, abdominal ultrasound showed thickened gastric wall and multiple linear foreign bodies in the stomach. Then, with the impression of gastric outlet obstruction secondary to foreign body in the stomach, laparotomy plus gastrotomy plus foreign body removal and repair were done under general anesthesia. Dilated stomach, palpable mass on distal stomach and first part of duodenum, and adhesion between stomach, abdominal wall and liver was found intra operatively. Conclusion: Passage of curved metal through the throat is a rare case. Mentally ill individuals need close follow up and physiological consultation.

Maternal Health Care Seeking Behavior for Neonatal Danger Signs and Associated Factors Among Post-Partum Mothers in Southeast Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Early health care seeking could save neonates' lives and have a significant role in decreasing neonatal death, while delayed health care seeking has many contributions to neonatal mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess maternal health-seeking behavior for neonatal danger signs and associated factors among postpartum mothers in Southeast Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a random sample of 400 women with sick neonates from June 1st, 2020 to 27th, November. A Modified Anderson and Newman behavioral model consisting predisposing, enabling, need, and health system factors were utilized and participants were interviewed by using structured questionnaires. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with maternal health-seeking behavior. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were reported with their corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) to determine the strength of the association. The statistical significance was declared at P < .05. Slightly higher than two-fifths, (44%, 95% CI: 39.2-48.9) of the respondents' have appropriate healthcare-seeking behavior for neonatal danger signs. Postnatal care follows-up (AOR = 3.5; 95% CI: 2.06-5.80), good knowledge of neonatal danger signs (AOR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.63-4.73), decision-making power for taking sick neonates to health institution (AOR = 3.02, 95% CI: 1.61-5.67), mothers living with their partner (AOR = 3.00; 95% CI: 1.42-6.31), and health insurance (AOR = 1.82; 95% CI: 1.08-3.06) were significantly associated with having appropriate healthcare-seeking behavior. Healthcare-seeking behavior of the respondents' was low and indicated by nearly 2 out of 5 respondents' had appropriate health-seeking behavior for neonatal danger sign. Postnatal care follow-up, health insurance, good knowledge of neonatal danger signs, living with a partner, and decision-making power were predictors of appropriate healthcare-seeking behavior for neonatal danger signs. Emphasis should be given to creating awareness of neonatal danger signs, maintaining postnatal follow-up, and encouraging mothers/caregivers to make immediate decisions for seeking healthcare at healthcare institutions.

Level of women-friendly care provision among mothers in immediate post-partum period at public hospitals of Southeast Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The women-friendly care approach focuses on women's rights to have access to quality care for themselves as individuals, as mothers, and for their infants. However, access to quality health services is not guaranteed for many women, particularly in low and middle-income countries. Hence, this study aimed to assess the level of women-friendly care provision and associated factors among mothers in the immediate post-partum period at public hospitals of Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia 2021. METHODS: An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was employed among mothers in the immediate post-partum period in public hospitals of Bale Zone from March 1-30, 2021. A total of 363 mothers were recruited by systematic random sampling technique in this study. Data was collected through pre-tested structured questionnaires. A 21-verified questionnaire was used to measure the outcome variable. The data were entered into Epi Data version 4.6.2.0 and exported to the statistical package of social science version 26.0 for analysis. A variable with a P value of less than 0.25 in the bi-variable binary logistic regression model was transferred to a multivariable binary logistics regression model. Hosmer and Lemeshow's goodness of fit model was checked. Adjusted odds ratio with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate the strength of association between the outcome variable and independent variables. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered as significantly associated. RESULTS: The level of women-friendly care provision among mothers in immediate post-partum at public hospitals of Bale Zone was found to be 61% [95% confidence interval (55.73-66.04)]. Being prim para mother [Adjusted odds ratio = 1.88(1.07-3.33)], having planned pregnancy [Adjusted odds ratio = 1.94(1.04-3.63)] and staying at a health facility after delivery [Adjusted odds ratio = 4.8(1.71-13.39)] were found to be statistically significant predictors of level of women-friendly care provision. CONCLUSION: The women-friendly care provision among mothers in the immediate post-partum period in this study area was found to be low against most of the pre-existing findings. Strong counseling on planned pregnancy and staying at a health facility after delivery is recommended.

Repeat-induced abortion and associated factors among reproductive-age women seeking abortion services in South Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION: Despite the advances in modern health care, maternal morbidity and mortality remain major problems in Ethiopia. Repeat-induced abortion is an indispensable contributor to this problem. Even though there are adverse effects on health, a significant proportion of Ethiopian women procure more than one abortion during their reproductive lifetime. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of repeat-induced abortion in South Ethiopia, in 2020. METHODS: An institution-based cross-sectional study design and a systematic random sampling technique were used to collect data from 410 samples of women. Data were collected using pre-tested and semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. The data were coded and entered into EpiData version 4.6.2.0 before being exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 for analysis. Variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in binary logistic regressions were exported into multivariate logistic regression analysis. Finally, variables with a p-value of less than 0.05 in the multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to declare statistical significance. RESULT: The prevalence of repeat-induced abortion was found to be 35.4% (95% confidence interval = 30.7-40). Not facing a complication in prior abortion care, having more than two partners in the last 12 preceding months, perceiving abortion procedure as non-painful, having a sexual debut before the age of 18 years, and consuming alcohol have higher odds of repeat-induced abortion when compared with their counterparts. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of repeat-induced abortion in Hawassa city is high compared to studies conducted in other parts of Ethiopia. Not facing complications during previous abortion care, perceiving the abortion procedure as non-painful, alcohol consumption, having multiple sexual partners, and having a sexual debut before the age of 18 years are found to increase the chance of repeat-induced abortion.

HIV/AIDS Related Knowledge of University Students in Southeast Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

PURPOSE: University students are often a sexually active group that is at risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV. This risk depends on their level of knowledge towards the disease. Hence, HIV/AIDS related knowledge represents the acquisition of scientific facts and information regarding the symptoms, way of transmission, adverse consequences, and prevention strategies of the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to assess level of HIV/AIDS related knowledge among regular undergraduate students of Madda Walabu University, Southeast Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted from February 10-25, 2020. A simple random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data were entered to Epi Data version 4.6.0.2 and analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. A bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with level of HIV/AIDS knowledge. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and p-value<0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS: A total of 442 study participants were included in the study. The level of HIV/AIDS knowledge among study participants was found to be 51.4%. Health science students [AOR=16.28 (8.21-32.28)], being in year III and above [AOR=5.34 (2.92-9.76)] and having monthly stipend >300 birr from parents and relatives [AOR=2.70 (1.34-5.48)] had a higher odds of a good level of HIV/AIDS knowledge. CONCLUSION: Nearly half of the students had a poor level of HIV/AIDS knowledge. Field of study, year of the study, and monthly income were significantly associated with level of HIV/AIDS related knowledge. University-based HIV/AIDS education considering year of study has to be given, and risk reduction on focusing on behavioral change intervention are recommended.