Clinical and Morphological Aspects of Aggressive Salivary Gland Mixed Tumors: A Narrative Review.

Salivary gland tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of neoplasms of the head and neck region. The mixed category of these tumors include the following entities: pleomorphic adenoma (PA), carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (CEPA), salivary carcinosarcoma (CS), and metastasizing PA (MPA). The most common benign tumor of the salivary glands is PA. Metastasis and malignant degeneration have been reported in cases of PA of a salivary gland origin. Judging by their behavior, MPA, CEPA, and CS can be considered aggressive tumors. Invasive CEPA has been identified in the parotid gland more frequently. MPA and CS cases reported in the current literature are rare. In this paper, we present, narratively, the clinico-morphological features of this group of mixed tumors.

Human Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Romania: History, Epidemiology, and Public Health: A Narrative Review.

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii), presents a significant global health concern, particularly for immunocompromised individuals and congenitally infected newborns. Despite its widespread prevalence, there are limited data on T. gondii seroprevalence and ocular toxoplasmosis in Romania. This review aims to summarize the research accomplished on the prevalence and epidemiology of human ocular toxoplasmosis in Romania. Ocular toxoplasmosis, a leading cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide, involves complex interactions between host immune responses and parasite factors. Clinically, it presents as focal necrotizing retinitis, characterized by active focal retinal lesions with adjacent chorioretinal scarring, often accompanied by vitreous inflammation and anterior chamber reactions. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination supported by fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and serological assays. The authors followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards, conducting a literature review on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Our focus was on ocular toxoplasmosis in Romania, and we used keywords and specific MeSH terms. Finally, 17 articles met all the criteria, as summarized in the PRISMA diagram. This study underscores the need for improved diagnostic methods, increased research efforts, and comprehensive public health education to mitigate the burden of toxoplasmosis and ocular toxoplasmosis in Romania.

Emerging Therapeutic Approaches and Genetic Insights in Stargardt Disease: A Comprehensive Review.

Stargardt disease, one of the most common forms of inherited retinal diseases, affects individuals worldwide. The primary cause is mutations in the ABCA4 gene, leading to the accumulation of toxic byproducts in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and subsequent photoreceptor cell degeneration. Over the past few years, research on Stargardt disease has advanced significantly, focusing on clinical and molecular genetics. Recent studies have explored various innovative therapeutic approaches, including gene therapy, stem cell therapy, and pharmacological interventions. Gene therapy has shown promise, particularly with adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors capable of delivering the ABCA4 gene to retinal cells. However, challenges remain due to the gene's large size. Stem cell therapy aims to replace degenerated RPE and photoreceptor cells, with several clinical trials demonstrating safety and preliminary efficacy. Pharmacological approaches focus on reducing toxic byproduct accumulation and modulating the visual cycle. Precision medicine, targeting specific genetic mutations and pathways, is becoming increasingly important. Novel techniques such as clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 offer potential for directly correcting genetic defects. This review aims to synthesize recent advancements in understanding and treating Stargardt disease. By highlighting breakthroughs in genetic therapies, stem cell treatments, and novel pharmacological strategies, it provides a comprehensive overview of emerging therapeutic options.

Current Developments in Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Tumors: From Structure to Artificial Intelligence.

Salivary glands tumors are uncommon neoplasms with variable incidence, heterogenous histologies and unpredictable biological behaviour. Most tumors are located in the parotid gland. Benign salivary tumors represent 54-79% of cases and pleomorphic adenoma is frequently diagnosed in this group. Salivary glands malignant tumors that are more commonly diagnosed are adenoid cystic carcinomas and mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Because of their diversity and overlapping features, these tumors require complex methods of evaluation. Diagnostic procedures include imaging techniques combined with clinical examination, fine needle aspiration and histopathological investigation of the excised specimens. This narrative review describes the advances in the diagnosis methods of these unusual tumors-from histomorphology to artificial intelligence algorithms.

Immune-Mediated Ocular Surface Disease in Diabetes Mellitus-Clinical Perspectives and Treatment: A Narrative Review.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder marked by hyperglycemia due to defects in insulin secretion, action, or both, with a global prevalence that has tripled in recent decades. This condition poses significant public health challenges, affecting individuals, healthcare systems, and economies worldwide. Among its numerous complications, ocular surface disease (OSD) is a significant concern, yet understanding its pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management remains challenging. This review aims to explore the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies of diabetes-related OSD. The ocular surface, including the cornea, conjunctiva, and associated structures, is vital for maintaining eye health, with the lacrimal functional unit (LFU) playing a crucial role in tear film regulation. In DM, changes in glycosaminoglycan metabolism, collagen synthesis, oxygen consumption, and LFU dysfunction contribute to ocular complications. Persistent hyperglycemia leads to the expression of cytokines, chemokines, and cell adhesion molecules, resulting in neuropathy, tear film abnormalities, and epithelial lesions. Recent advances in molecular research and therapeutic modalities, such as gene and stem cell therapies, show promise for managing diabetic ocular complications. Future research should focus on pathogenetically oriented therapies for diabetic neuropathy and keratopathy, transitioning from animal models to clinical trials to improve patient outcomes.

Mucin-Producing Lobular Breast Carcinoma Metastasis to an Ovarian Fibroma: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of a Rare Case and Literature Review.

Breast cancer stands as the primary cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide, often presenting with distant metastases upon diagnosis. Ovarian metastases originating from breast cancer represent a range of 3-30% of all ovarian neoplasms. Case Report: Herein, we present the histopathological, histochemical, and immunohistochemical findings of a rare case involving mucin-producing lobular breast carcinoma metastasizing to an ovarian fibroma in an 82-year-old female previously diagnosed with lobular breast carcinoma. Histopathological examination of the excised tissues revealed a biphasic neoplasm characterized by tumor cells expressing AE-1/AE-3 cytokeratin, mammaglobin, GCDFP-15, inhibin, and calretinin. Positive mucin staining was observed using histochemical techniques, and reticulin fibers were demonstrated using the Gordon-Sweets technique. A final diagnosis of mucin-producing lobular breast carcinoma metastatic to a benign ovarian fibroma was rendered. Conclusion: The occurrence of metastatic breast carcinoma overlaid on an ovarian tumor represents a rare and diagnostically challenging scenario.

Aldose Reductase as a Key Target in the Prevention and Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Comprehensive Review.

The escalating global prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) over the past two decades has led to a persistent high incidence of diabetic retinopathy (DR), necessitating screening for early symptoms and proper treatment. Effective management of DR aims to decrease vision impairment by controlling modifiable risk factors including hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Moreover, systemic medications and plant-based therapy show promise in advancing DR treatment. One of the key mechanisms related to DR pathogenesis is the polyol pathway, through which aldose reductase (AR) catalyzes the conversion of glucose to sorbitol within various tissues, including the retina, lens, ciliary body and iris. Elevated glucose levels activate AR, leading to osmotic stress, advanced glycation end-product formation, and oxidative damage. This further implies chronic inflammation, vascular permeability, and angiogenesis. Our comprehensive narrative review describes the therapeutic potential of aldose reductase inhibitors in treating DR, where both synthetic and natural inhibitors have been studied in recent decades. Our synthesis aims to guide future research and clinical interventions in DR management.

Evaluating the Role of Breast Ultrasound in Early Detection of Breast Cancer in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Comprehensive Narrative Review.

Breast cancer, affecting both genders, but mostly females, exhibits shifting demographic patterns, with an increasing incidence in younger age groups. Early identification through mammography, clinical examinations, and breast self-exams enhances treatment efficacy, but challenges persist in low- and medium-income countries due to limited imaging resources. This review assesses the feasibility of employing breast ultrasound as the primary breast cancer screening method, particularly in resource-constrained regions. Following the PRISMA guidelines, this study examines 52 publications from the last five years. Breast ultrasound, distinct from mammography, offers advantages like radiation-free imaging, suitability for repeated screenings, and preference for younger populations. Real-time imaging and dense breast tissue evaluation enhance sensitivity, accessibility, and cost-effectiveness. However, limitations include reduced specificity, operator dependence, and challenges in detecting microcalcifications. Automatic breast ultrasound (ABUS) addresses some issues but faces constraints like potential inaccuracies and limited microcalcification detection. The analysis underscores the need for a comprehensive approach to breast cancer screening, emphasizing international collaboration and addressing limitations, especially in resource-constrained settings. Despite advancements, notably with ABUS, the primary goal is to contribute insights for optimizing breast cancer screening globally, improving outcomes, and mitigating the impact of this debilitating disease.

Small Scale, High Precision: Robotic Surgery in Neonatal and Pediatric Patients-A Narrative Review.

This narrative review explores the evolution and implications of robotic-assisted surgery in pediatric and neonatal cases, focusing on its advantages, drawbacks, and the specific diseases amenable to this innovative technology. Following PRISMA guidelines, 56 relevant articles from the past five years were selected, emphasizing advancements in precision, reduced trauma, and expedited recovery times for pediatric patients. Despite challenges like cost and training, ongoing research shapes pediatric robotic-assisted surgery, promising improved outcomes. The technology's benefits include enhanced precision, minimized scarring, and faster recovery, addressing the challenges in delicate pediatric procedures. Challenges encompass cost, training, and instrument design, but ongoing refinements aim to overcome these. This review underscores psychological and musculoskeletal considerations for patients and surgeons. While acknowledging limitations and preferred pathologies, this review outlines the transformative potential of robotic-assisted surgery in reshaping pediatric surgical care. This comprehensive assessment concludes that, despite challenges, ongoing advancements promise a future of enhanced precision and tailored care in pediatric surgery.

Evaluating the Connection between MicroRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs for the Establishment of the Major Depressive Disorder Diagnosis.

The most prevalent mental illness worldwide and the main contributor to suicide and disability is major depressive disorder. Major depressive disorder is now diagnosed and treated based on the patient's statement of symptoms, mental status tests, and clinical behavioral observations. The central element of this review is the increased need for an accurate diagnostic method. In this context, the present research aims to investigate the potential role of two non-coding RNA species (microRNA and long non-coding RNA) in peripheral blood samples and brain tissue biopsy from patients with major depressive disorder. This study reviewed the literature on microRNA and long non-coding RNA expression in blood and brain tissue samples in human and animal depression models by retrieving relevant papers using the PubMed database. The results reveal significant variations in microRNA and long non-coding RNA levels in depressed patients, making it a crucial diagnostic tool that predicts treatment outcomes. It can help track severe cases and adjust therapy dosages based on treatment responses. In conclusion, microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are pertinent biomarkers that can be added to the diagnostic test panel for major depressive disorder. Both microRNAs and non-coding RNAs can also be used as a tool to track patient progress during therapy and to assist the attending physician in tracking the molecular development of the disease.

Differentiating Viral from Bacterial Pneumonia in Children: The Diagnostic Role of Lung Ultrasound-A Prospective Observational Study.

This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the utility of lung ultrasound (LUS) in diagnosing and managing pediatric respiratory infections, specifically focusing on viral, bacterial, and SARS-CoV-2 infections. Conducted over a period of 1 year and 8 months, this research involved 85 pediatric patients (showcasing a median age of 14 months) recruited based on specific criteria, including age, confirmed infection through multiplex PCR tests, and willingness to undergo LUS imaging. This study employed a 12-area scoring system for LUS examinations, utilizing the lung ultrasound score (LUSS) to evaluate lung abnormalities. The PCR examination results reveal diverse respiratory pathogens, with SARS-CoV-2, influenza, and bacterial co-infections being prominent among the cases. As an observational study, this study was not registered in the registry. Distinct LUS patterns associated with different pathogens were identified, showcasing the discriminatory potential of LUS in differentiating between viral and bacterial etiologies. Bacterial infections demonstrated more severe lung involvement, evident in significantly higher LUSS values compared with viral cases (p < 0.0001). The specific abnormalities found in bacterial superinfection can be integrated into diagnostic and management protocols for pediatric respiratory infections. Overall, this research contributes valuable insights into optimizing LUS as a diagnostic tool in pediatric pneumonia, facilitating more informed and tailored healthcare decisions.

A Preliminary Report Regarding the Morphological Changes of Nano-Enabled Pharmaceutical Formulation on Human Lung Carcinoma Monolayer and 3D Bronchial Microtissue.

Background and Objectives: Nowadays, the development of enabled pharmaceutical nanoparticles of solid lipid type is continuously growing, because they have the potential to be used for targeted drug release leading to an increased effect of chemotherapy, being used in lung cancer nano-diagnosis and nano-therapy. The current study reports the preliminary results obtained regarding the biological effect of a new nano-enabled pharmaceutical formulation in terms of its cytotoxic and biosafety profile. Materials and Methods: The pharmaceutical formulations consist of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) obtained via the emulsification-diffusion method by loading green iron oxide nanoparticles (green-IONPs) with a pentacyclic triterpene (oleanolic acid-OA). Further, a complex biological assessment was performed, employing three-dimensional (3D) bronchial microtissues (EpiAirwayTM) to determine the biosafety profile of the SLN samples. The cytotoxic potential of the samples was evaluated on human lung carcinoma, using an in vitro model (A549 human lung carcinoma monolayer). Results: The data revealed that the A549 cell line was strongly affected after treatment with SLN samples, especially those that contained OA-loaded green-IONPs obtained with Ocimum basilicum extract (under 30% viability rates). The biosafety profile investigation of the 3D normal in vitro bronchial model showed that all the SLN samples negatively affected the viability of the bronchial microtissues (below 50%). As regards the morphological changes, all the samples induce major changes such as loss of the surface epithelium integrity, loss of epithelial junctions, loss of cilia, hyperkeratosis, and cell death caused by apoptosis. Conclusions: In summary, the culprit for the negative impact on viability and morphology of 3D normal bronchial microtissues could be the too-high dose (500 µg/mL) of the SLN sample used. Nevertheless, further adjustments in the SLN synthesis process and another complex in vitro evaluation will be considered for future research.

Current Trends in Diagnosis and Treatment Approach of Diabetic Retinopathy during Pregnancy: A Narrative Review.

Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and gestational diabetes are major concerns worldwide. These conditions may lead to the development of severe diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy or worsen pre-existing cases. Gestational diabetes also increases the risk of diabetes for both the mother and the fetus in the future. Understanding the prevalence, evaluating risk factors contributing to pathogenesis, and identifying treatment challenges related to diabetic retinopathy in expectant mothers are all of utmost importance. Pregnancy-related physiological changes, including those in metabolism, blood flow, immunity, and hormones, can contribute to the development or worsening of diabetic retinopathy. If left untreated, this condition may eventually result in irreversible vision loss. Treatment options such as laser therapy, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, and intravitreal steroids pose challenges in managing these patients without endangering the developing baby and mother. This narrative review describes the management of diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy, highlights its risk factors, pathophysiology, and diagnostic methods, and offers recommendations based on findings from previous literature.

Stratifying Disease Severity in Pediatric COVID-19: A Correlative Study of Serum Biomarkers and Lung Ultrasound-A Retrospective Observational Dual-Center Study.

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has manifested distinct impacts on infants and children. This study delves into the intricate connection between lung ultrasound (LUS) findings and serum biomarkers in neonates and infants with COVID-19. Exploring factors contributing to the mild symptoms in this demographic, including immune responses and pre-existing immunity, the study spans 3 years and 9 months, involving 42 patients. Respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms predominate, and LUS emerges as a vital, non-irradiating tool for evaluating pulmonary abnormalities. Serum biomarkers like CRP, procalcitonin, and cytokines provide key insights into the pathophysiology. Correlations reveal nuanced links between LUS score and clinical parameters, unveiling associations with hospitalization duration (rho = 0.49), oxygen saturation (rho = -0.88), and inflammatory markers, like ferritin (rho = 0.62), LDH (rho = 0.73), and D-dimer (rho = 0.73) with significance level (p < 0.05). The absence of large consolidations in LUS suggests unique pulmonary characteristics. The novelty of these findings lies in the comprehensive integration of LUS with serum biomarkers to assess and monitor the severity of lung involvement in neonates and infants affected by SARS-CoV-2. This approach offers valuable insights into disease severity, biomarker levels, the duration of hospitalization, and oxygen saturation, providing a multifaceted understanding of COVID-19's impact on this vulnerable population.

Tiny Lungs, Big Differences: Navigating the Varied COVID-19 Landscape in Neonates vs. Infants via Biomarkers and Lung Ultrasound.

Due to their susceptibilities, neonates and infants face unique SARS-CoV-2 challenges. This retrospective study will compare the illness course, symptoms, biomarkers, and lung damage in neonates and infants with SARS-CoV-2 infection from February 2020 to October 2023. This study was conducted at two hospitals in Timisoara, Romania, using real-time multiplex PCR to diagnose and lung ultrasonography (LUS) to assess lung involvement. Neonates had a more severe clinical presentation, an increased immune response, and greater lung involvement. Neonates had more PCR-positive tests (p = 0.0089) and longer hospital stays (p = 0.0002). In neonates, LDH, CRP, and ferritin levels were higher, indicating a stronger inflammatory response. Reduced oxygen saturation in neonates indicates respiratory dysfunction. The symptoms were varied. Infants had fever, cough, and rhinorrhea, while neonates had psychomotor agitation, acute dehydration syndrome, and candidiasis. This study emphasizes individualized care and close monitoring for neonatal SARS-CoV-2 infections. Newborn lung ultrasonography showed different variances and severity levels, emphasizing the need for targeted surveillance and therapy. Newborns have high lung ultrasound scores (LUSS), indicating significant lung involvement. Both groups had initial lung involvement, but understanding these modest differences is crucial to improving care for these vulnerable populations.

Recent Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches in Fungal Keratitis: A Narrative Review.

Fungal keratitis represents a potentially sight-threatening infection associated with poor prognosis, as well as financial burden. Novel diagnostic methods include polymerase-chain-reaction (PCR)-based approaches, metagenomic deep sequences, in vivo confocal microscopy, and antifungal susceptibility testing. The ideal therapeutic approaches and outcomes have been widely discussed in recent times, with early therapy being of the utmost importance for the preservation of visual acuity, minimizing corneal damage and reducing the scar size. However, combination therapy can be more efficacious compared to monotherapy. Understanding the pathogenesis, early diagnosis, and prevention strategies can be of great importance. In this narrative, we discuss the recent progress that may aid our understanding of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of mycotic keratitis.

COVID-19 in Infants and Children under 2 Years-Could Lung Ultrasound Score Be Correlated with Biomarkers and Symptoms?

INTRODUCTION: It is already well known that infants and children infected with COVID-19 develop mild to moderate forms of the disease, with fever and oropharyngeal congestion being the most common symptoms. However, there are instances when patients claim to be experiencing respiratory symptoms. Because of the repeated lung examinations required in these situations, non-irradiating imaging techniques are preferred. This study's objective is to ascertain the value of lung ultrasonography (LUS) in the medical management of these specific cases. METHODS: Infants and children under two years old with SARS-CoV-2 infection were evaluated using LUS. Patients with other respiratory pathologies were excluded by using specific tests. The LUS score (LUSS) was correlated with biomarkers and clinical findings using the Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation rho. RESULTS: The LUSS for each patient varied from 1 to 8 points out of a maximum of 36 points. The arithmetic mean was 4.47 ± 2.36 (S.D), while the 95% CI for the arithmetic mean was 3.33 to 5.61. Sparse B-lines were present in all enrolled infants and children (100%), while only 36.84% developed alveolar syndrome (confluent B-lines). The lung changes were correlated with their biomarkers, specifically inflammatory markers. The correlation between LUSS and LDH, D-dimers, and IL-6 was a strongly positive one with rho = 0.55 (p = 0.001, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.80) between the LUSS and D-dimer levels and rho = 0.60 (p = 0.03, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.87) between LUSS and D-dimer levels at symptomatic infants and children (with respiratory involvement). CONCLUSIONS: Infants and children under the age of two are prone to develop mild forms of COVID-19 disease with a B-line pattern on LUS, although inflammatory markers have elevated blood levels. Despite the small sample, D-dimer levels and O2 saturation were correlated with LUSS in patients with respiratory involvement, while similar results were also found in the entire lot.

Hepatic arterial variations detected at multidetector computer tomography angiography in the Romanian population.

BACKGROUND: Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of normal hepatic vascularization and variations of the hepatic arteries using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) angiography. These variants should be known before any surgery of the upper abdomen, the downside being that there aren't many studies on large groups of patients using high-specialized imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 4192 patients. We performed MDCT angiography on each one of the patients and had a specialized team observe the images. RESULTS: Using Michels' classification, the normal anatomy (type I) was present in 3392 (80.91%) cases, while abnormal hepatic arteries were observed in 800 (19.08%) cases. The variations were distributed as follows: type II in 40 (0.95%) cases, type III in 442 (10.54%) cases, type IV in 13 (0.31%) cases, type V in 285 (6.79%) cases, type VI in 12 (0.28%) cases, type VII in 3 (0.07%) cases, type VIII in 108 (2.57%) cases, type IX in 6 (0.14%) cases and type X in one case (0.02%). 170 (4.05%) unclassified cases were observed. Using Hiatt's classification, the variations were: type II in 325 (7.75%) cases, type III in 454 (10.83%) cases, type IV in 124 (2.95%) cases, type V in 6 cases (0.14%) and type VI in 69 (1.64%) cases. 102 (2.43%) unclassified cases were observed. CONCLUSIONS: We observed well-known variations of the hepatic arterial pattern and also found a large number of rare, unclassified cases.

Clinical Consideration of Anatomical Variations in the Common Hepatic Arteries: An Analysis Using MDCT Angiography.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of normal hepatic vascularization and variations in the common hepatic arteries using multidetector computer tomography angiography. These variants should be acknowledged before any surgery of the upper abdomen. The aim of our work was to analyze the variations in the hepatic arteries and their possible clinical and surgical implications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was carried out on 4192 patients who underwent 64-slice MDCT angiography, from August 2015 to December 2021. We used surface and volume-rendering techniques in order to post-process images of the vascular components in the desired area. RESULTS: We highlighted 76 cases with replaced common hepatic arteries, which are characterized by the origin of the common hepatic artery trunk located outside the classical composition of the celiac trunk. We identified three levels of origin: the abdominal aorta, the superior mesenteric artery and the left gastric artery. We observed six different aspects of the morphological variability of the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery. The trajectory of the artery trunk, between the aortic origin and the hepatic pedicle portion of the hepatic portal vein, is variable and we analyzed the pancreatic trajectory accordingly. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hepatic arterial variants found during this study was similar to that in other specialized studies. We came across variants that have not been described in the well-known classification of Michels and even described extremely rare variations. The study of abnormal hepatic vascularization plays an important role in the surgical planning of hepatic transplantation, liver and pancreatic resection and extrahepatic upper abdominal surgeries.

Artificial intelligence as a noninvasive tool for pancreatic cancer prediction and diagnosis.

Pancreatic cancer (PC) has a low incidence rate but a high mortality, with patients often in the advanced stage of the disease at the time of the first diagnosis. If detected, early neoplastic lesions are ideal for surgery, offering the best prognosis. Preneoplastic lesions of the pancreas include pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and mucinous cystic neoplasms, with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms being the most commonly diagnosed. Our study focused on predicting PC by identifying early signs using noninvasive techniques and artificial intelligence (AI). A systematic English literature search was conducted on the PubMed electronic database and other sources. We obtained a total of 97 studies on the subject of pancreatic neoplasms. The final number of articles included in our study was 44, 34 of which focused on the use of AI algorithms in the early diagnosis and prediction of pancreatic lesions. AI algorithms can facilitate diagnosis by analyzing massive amounts of data in a short period of time. Correlations can be made through AI algorithms by expanding image and electronic medical records databases, which can later be used as part of a screening program for the general population. AI-based screening models should involve a combination of biomarkers and medical and imaging data from different sources. This requires large numbers of resources, collaboration between medical practitioners, and investment in medical infrastructures.