Biomarkers involved in evaluation of platelets function in South-Eastern Romanian patients with hematological malignancies subtypes.

ABSTRACT: At present, various researches presented how subtypes of hematological malignancies are related to stages of the immune response, because the activated immune system represents a promising form in cancer treatment. This study explores the relationship between the adaptive immune system (T cells), and the coagulation system (platelets, platelet membrane glycoproteins, platelets derivate microparticles) which seems to play an important role in host immune defense of patients with acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) or B cell lymphoma (BCL), 2 of the most common hematological malignancies subtypes.Blood samples (n = 114) obtained from patients with AML or BCL were analyzed for platelet membrane glycoproteins (CD42b, CD61), glycoprotein found on the surface of the T helper cells (CD4+), protein complex-specific antigen for T cells (CD3+), platelet-derived microparticles (CD61 PMP) biomarkers by flow cytometry, and hematological parameters were quantified by usual methods.In patients with AML, the means of the percentage of the expressions of the molecules on platelet surfaces (CD61 and CD42b, P < .01; paired T test) were lower as compared to both control subgroups. The expression of cytoplasmic granules content (CD61 PMP) had a significantly higher value in patients with AML reported to controlling subgroups (P < .01; paired T test), which is suggesting an intravascular activation of platelets.The platelet activation status was presented in patients with low stage BCL because CD61 and CD42b expressions were significantly higher than control subgroups, but the expression of CD 61 PMP had a significantly decreased value reported to control subgroups (all P < .01; paired T test). T helper/inducer lineage CD4+ and T lymphoid lineage CD3+ expressions presented significant differences between patients with AML or low stage BCL reported to control subgroups (all P < .01; paired T test).Platelet-lymphocyte interactions are involved in malignant disorders, and CD61, CD42b present on platelet membranes, as functionally active surface receptors mediate the adhesion of active platelets to lymphocytes, endothelial cells, and cancer cells.

Gallbladder carcinoma - a rare cause of pyloric-duodenal stenosis.

Pyloric duodenal stenosis is usually caused by pyloric, juxtapyloric or duodenal ulcer, or by postbulbar ulcer. Gallbladder cancer (GBC), duodenal diverticula, annular pancreas and superior mesenteric artery syndrome (Wilkie's syndrome) are rare causes of pyloric duodenal stenosis. The case of a 66-year-old female patient is presented. The patient was admitted to hospital presenting anorexia, repeated alimentary vomiting, epigastric pain, and weight loss. Objective clinical examination upon admission: clapotage à jeun is present, triggered by tapping the epigastric region. Laboratory tests reveal moderate anemia, hypokalemic alkalosis, increased levels of cholestatic enzymes and of tumor markers. Gastroendoscopy: Stomach presenting stasis fluid in large quantity. Deformed antropyloric region caused by extrinsic compression. Abdominal native magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and with contrast medium: cholecyst lumen entirely obstructed with calculi; thickened wall, with heterogeneous gadolinophilia; gadolinophilic mass erasing the bordering limit in relation to the cholecyst wall and the colon hepatic angle, and leaving a print on the pyloric region. During surgery, upon opening the peritoneal cavity, a tumoral pericholecystic block was observed, including the pyloric-duodenal region and the transverse mesocolon. Histopathology tests of tissue samples showed adipose conjunctive tissue with invasive adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical tests [cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK17, CK19, CK20, CDX2, mucin (MUC) 1, MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC6, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)] were consistent with infiltrating neoplastic carcinoma, originating in the gallbladder epithelium. Gastrointestinal obstruction cases caused by gallbladder carcinoma are rare. The pyloric-duodenal region is more frequently affected, as compared to the small intestine or the colon.

Treatment of iron deficiency anemia with Ferro-Folgamma.

Iron deficiency anemia is a hypochromic anemia in which hemoglobin poor synthesis is due to a decrease in the amount of iron in the body. The decrease of iron quantity has many causes: insufficient intake of aliments rich in iron (meat, viscera, green vegetables), increased necessities during growth period, pregnancy, erythrocytes hyperregeneration, high-performance sportsmen, increased loss by digestive way, genito-urinary way, respiratory, hemorrhagic syndromes. Clinically, symptoms and signs specific to all types of anemia and those specific to lack of iron occur besides the symptoms and signs of the underlying disease: atrophic glositis, angular stomatitis, sideropenic dysphagia, pica, skin and nails changes. Laboratory investigations useful for diagnosis are: microcytic, hypochromic anemia, decreased serum iron level, total capacity of iron binding increased, medullar iron store absent, good response to iron therapy. Ferro-Folgamma is one of the most indicated medicines in iron deficiency anemia. Due to its components this medicine has many indications: insufficient alimentary intake concerning iron, folic acid, B12 vitamin, vegetarian alimentation, increased needs during growth period, iron deficiency anaemia secondary to chronic hemorrhages, malnutrition, anemias associated with chronic alcohol intake, preventive treatment of iron deficiency anemia and megaloblastic anemia during pregnancy and lactation.