Review on emerging trends and challenges in the modification of xanthan gum for various applications.

This review explores the realm of structural modifications and broad spectrum of their potential applications, with a special focus on the synthesis of xanthan gum derivatives through graft copolymerization methods. It delves into the creation of these derivatives by attaching functional groups (-OH and -COOH) to xanthan gum, utilizing a variety of initiators for grafting, and examining their diverse applications, especially in the areas of food packaging, pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, and antimicrobial activities. Xanthan gum is a biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic, bioactive, and cost-effective natural polymer derived from Xanthomonas species. The native properties of xanthan gum can be improved by cross-linking, grafting, curing, blending, and various modification techniques. Grafted xanthan gum has excellent biodegradability, metal binding, dye adsorption, immunological properties, and wound healing ability. Owing to its remarkable properties, such as biocompatibility and its ability to form gels resembling the extracellular matrix of tissues, modified xanthan gum finds extensive utility across biomedicine, engineering, and the food industry. Furthermore, the review also covers various modified derivatives of xanthan gum that exhibit excellent biodegradability, metal binding, dye adsorption, immunological properties, and wound healing abilities. These applications could serve as important resources for a wide range of industries in future product development.

A review on the synthesis of graft copolymers of chitosan and their potential applications.

Chitosan is an antimicrobial, biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymer, commercially derived from the partial deacetylation of chitin. Currently modified chitosan has occupied a major part of scientific research. Modified chitosan has excellent biotic characteristics like biodegradation, antibacterial, immunological, metal-binding and metal adsorption capacity and wound-healing ability. Chitosan is an excellent candidate for drug delivery, food packaging and wastewater treatment and is also used as a supporting object for cell culture, gene delivery and tissue engineering. Modification of pure chitosan via grafting improves the native properties of chitosan. Chitosan grafted copolymers exhibit high significance and are extensively used in numerous fields. In this review, modifications of chitosan through several graft copolymerization techniques such as free radical, radiation, and enzymatic were reported and the properties of grafted chitosan were discussed. This review also discussed the applications of grafted chitosan in the fields of drug delivery, food packaging, antimicrobial, and metal adsorption as well as dye removal.

Synthesis and characterization of crosslinked chitosan for effective dye removal antibacterial activity.

A novel binary crosslinked material based on chitosan [chit-cl-Poly (AA-co-Am)] has been synthesized through crosslinking employing ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) initiator under N2 atmosphere for the effective removal of methyl orange dye as well as antibacterial studies. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized by FT-IR, SEM, XRD and TGA techniques. The effect of various process parameters such as pH, time, adsorption dose, and temperature on the removal of methyl orange was investigated. The isotherm data of the adsorption experiments obey the classical Freundlich adsorption isotherm while the kinetic data followed the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The antibacterial behavior of optimized samples was evaluated by the determination of maximum inhibitor growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus and (S. aureus) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginos). The present study provides substantial evidence to prove beyond doubt that material based on chitosan [chit-cl-Poly (AA-co-Am)] seems to have the potential for effective removal of dyes from aqueous streams which can be extended to systems of significant importance.