RESUMO
The possibility of applying main AOP techniques, namely ozonation, H2O2/UV photolysis and TiO2 photocatalysis to provide a significant reduction of toxicity of pharmaceutical mixtures has been evaluated. For the preparation of the mixture six pharmaceuticals were chosen among those found at highest concentrations in Sewage Treatment Plant effluents, namely carbamazepine, clofibric acid, diclofenac, sulfamethoxazole, ofloxacin and propranolol. The blue-green alga Synechococcus leopoliensis and the rotifer Brachyonus calyciflorus were utilised to assess the toxicity of the mixtures after AOP treatments. All the toxicity tests were performed using chronic standardized bioassays. The best results were obtained with ozonation. With this type of treatment a complete removal of mixture toxicity on S. leopolensis was obtained even after the shortest time of application (1 min). The ozonation treatment leads also to removal of all the pharmaceutical mixture toxicity on B. calyciflorus, by applying the oxidizing agent for at least for 2 minutes.
Assuntos
Oxidantes Fotoquímicos/química , Preparações Farmacêuticas/química , Esgotos/química , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Purificação da Água/métodos , Animais , Bioensaio , Cianobactérias/metabolismo , Efeitos Colaterais e Reações Adversas Relacionados a Medicamentos , Monitoramento Ambiental , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Ozônio/química , Preparações Farmacêuticas/isolamento & purificação , Rotíferos/metabolismoRESUMO
The therapy of headache attributed to spontaneous low CSF pressure (previously defined as spontaneous intracranial hypotension) is still a matter of debate. Epidural blood patch is considered the most effective treatment. However, pharmacological strategies may be considered before blood patch. We report three patients with headache attributed to spontaneous low CSF pressure that were successfully treated with oral prednisone. Additional studies may be useful to prove the effectiveness of corticosteroids in this syndrome.