[Infectious lung disease has sars cov2 complicated meningism on type 2 diabetes field: about a case]. / Pneumopathie infectieuse a sars cov2 compliquee de meningisme sur terrain de diabete de type 2 : a propos d'un cas.

INTRODUCTION: Sars Cov 2 infection is a complex viral infectious lung disease that can be complicated by damage to other organs. CASE REPORT: This is a type 2 diabetic patient, overweight and hypertensive, who consults in an emergency for a meningeal syndrome in a context of fever and cough, in whom laboratory and para-clinical investigations have concluded diagnosis of severe Sars cov2 pneumonia complicated by meningeal syndrome. Resuscitation under antibiotic therapy and immunosuppressant treatment associated with risk factor treatments led to a cure without serious complications. CONCLUSION: Sars Cov 2 pneumonia complicated by meningism is serious, early management combining antibiotic therapy and immunosuppressive treatment improves the prognosis.

INTRODUCTION: L'infection à Sars Cov2 est une pneumopathie infectieuse virale complexe qui peut se compliquer d'atteinte d'autres organes. OBSERVATION DE CAS: Il s'agit d'une patiente diabétique de type 2, en surpoids et hypertendue, qui consulte aux urgences pour un syndrome méningé dans un contexte de fièvre et de toux, chez qui les explorations biologiques et para cliniques ont conclu au diagnostic de pneumopathie sévère à Sars cov2 compliquée de méningite. La prise en charge en réanimation sous antibiothérapie et traitement d'immuno-suppresseur associées aux traitements des facteurs de risques ont conduit à une guérison sans complication grave observée. CONCLUSION: La pneumopathie à Sars Cov2 compliquée de méningisme est grave, la prise en charge précoce associant l'antibiothérapie et le traitement d'immunosuppresseur améliore le pronostic.

Clinical characteristics of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary infections in Bamako, Mali.

The global spread of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) may be due to HIV/AIDS and other environmental factors. The symptoms of NTM and tuberculosis (TB) disease are indistinguishable, but their treatments are different. Lack of research on the epidemiology of NTM infections has led to underestimation of its prevalence within TB endemic countries. This study was designed to determine the prevalence and clinical characteristics of pulmonary NTM in Bamako. A cross-sectional study which include 439 suspected cases of pulmonary TB. From 2006 to 2013 a total of 332 (76%) were confirmed to have sputum culture positive for mycobacteria. The prevalence of NTM infection was 9.3% of our study population and 12.3% of culture positive patients. The seroprevalence of HIV in NTM group was 17.1%. Patients who weighed <55 kg and had TB symptoms other than cough were also significantly more likely to have disease due to NTM as compared to those with TB disease who were significantly more likely to have cough and weigh more than 55 kg (OR 0.05 (CI 0.02-0.13) and OR 0.32 (CI 0.11-0.93) respectively). NTM disease burden in Bamako was substantial and diagnostic algorithms for pulmonary disease in TB endemic countries should consider the impact of NTM.

Performance of microscopic observation drug susceptibility for the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis and detection of drug resistance in Bamako, Mali.

OBJECTIVES: In Mali early detection and treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are still challenging due to the cost, time and/or complexity associated with regular tests. Microscopic Observation Drug Susceptibility (MODS) is a low-cost assay validated by WHO in 2010. It is a liquid-culture-based assay to detect the 'cording' characteristic of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and to assess susceptibility to both isoniazid and rifampicin defining multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). In this study we aimed to evaluate the performance of MODS as diagnostic tool compared with a validated method-Mycobacteria Growth Indicator Tube/Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing/Streptomycin, Isoniazid, Rifampicin and Ethambutol (MGIT/AST/SIRE). METHODS AND RESULTS: Between January 2010 and October 2015 we included 98 patients with suspected TB in an observational cohort study. The sensitivity and specificity of MODS assay for detecting TB were respectively 94.12% and 85.71% compared with the reference MGIT/7H11 culture, with a Cohen κ coefficient of 0.78 (95% CI 0.517-1.043). The median time to culture positivity for MODS assay and MGIT (plus interquartile range, IQR) was respectively 8 days (IQR 5-11) and 6 days (IQR 5-6). In detecting patients with MDR-TB, the sensitivity and specificity of MODS assay were respectively 100% and 95.92%. The positive predictive value and negative predictive value were, respectively, 66.7% and 100%. The median turnaround times for obtaining MDR-TB results using MODS assay and MGIT/AST/SIRE was respectively 9 days and 35 days. Hence, the MODS assay rapidly identifies MDR-TB in Mali compared with the MGIT/AST/SIRE. CONCLUSION: As an easy, simple, fast and affordable method, the MODS assay could significantly improve the management of TB.

Establishing Reference Ranges of Hematological Parameters from Malian Healthy Adults.

INTRODUCTION: Measurement of immuno-hematological parameters has been historically helpful in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of many infectious diseases and cancers. However, these parameters have not yet been established in many developing countries where patient care strongly relies on such low-cost tests. This study describes the immuno-hematological parameter ranges for Malian healthy adults. METHODS: A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2004 to May 2013. We included 213 healthy volunteers (173 male and 40 female), aged between 18-59 years. Median, 2.5 and 97.5 percentile ranges for each immuno-hematological parameter are presented. RESULTS: In our study population, the hematological parameters' ranges were mostly different to the universal established ranges. We found in our population a Median white blood cell (WBC) count of 5200 cells/µL [3237.5-11900], Red Blood Cell (RBC) count of 4.94 10^6 [3.56-6.17], hemoglobin (Hb) of 14.2 g/dL [12.2-17.38], platelet count (Plt) of 275 10^3/µL [145.4-614.4], lymphocytes 2050/µL [1200-3800], neutrophils 2200/µL [1040-6220]; monocytes 200/µL [100-660]; eosinophils 131/µL [0-1026]; CD4 902 cells/µL [444-1669] and CD8 485 cells/µL [0-1272]. We found significant gender differences in RBC, Hb level and MPV. However, RBC and Hb were higher in males median values compared to females (median values) (p<0.001), whereas the Mean platelet volume lower values (MPV) in males than females (P<0.047). The hemoglobin level for some West African countries (Mali, Burkina Faso, Togo, and Nigeria) ranged from 13.5 to 15.1 g/dL for males and 12 to 13 g/dL for females. However in East and Southern Africa, the values were anywhere from 14.1 to 16.1 for males and 11.2 to 14.4 for females. CONCLUSION: Our data may help physicians to better define hematological abnormalities in patients. They may also be used to define new "normal hematological values" in Malian population or in the whole West African population.

Tuberculosis drug resistance in Bamako, Mali, from 2006 to 2014.

BACKGROUND: Although Drug resistance tuberculosis is not a new phenomenon, Mali remains one of the "blank" countries without systematic data. METHODS: Between 2006 and 2014, we enrolled pulmonary TB patients from local TB diagnostics centers and a university referral hospital in several observational cohort studies. These consecutive patients had first line drug susceptibility testing (DST) performed on their isolates. A subset of MDR was subsequently tested for second line drug resistance. RESULTS: A total of 1186 mycobacterial cultures were performed on samples from 522 patients, including 1105 sputa and 81 blood samples, yielding one or more Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (Mtbc) positive cultures for 343 patients. Phenotypic DST was performed on 337 (98.3%) unique Mtbc isolates, of which 127 (37.7%) were resistant to at least one drug, including 75 (22.3%) with multidrug resistance (MDR). The overall prevalence of MDR-TB was 3.4% among new patients and 66.3% among retreatment patients. Second line DST was available for 38 (50.7%) of MDR patients and seven (18.4%) had resistance to either fluoroquinolones or second-line injectable drugs. CONCLUSION: The drug resistance levels, including MDR, found in this study are relatively high, likely related to the selected referral population. While worrisome, the numbers remained stable over the study period. These findings prompt a nationwide drug resistance survey, as well as continuous surveillance of all retreatment patients, which will provide more accurate results on countrywide drug resistance rates and ensure that MDR patients access appropriate second line treatment.

[Epidemiology and maternal prognosis of eclampsia in the intensive care unit at the University Hospital of Point G, Bamako]. / Epidemiologie et pronostic maternel de l'eclampsie en milieu de reanimation au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire du Point G de Bamako.

OBJECTIVE: This research aimed to analyze the epidemio- clinical characteristic and the prognosis of patients with eclampsia admitted to the intensive care unit at the University Hospital of Point G. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records of all patients admitted to intensive care for eclampsia from September 2009 to February 2011 were retrospectively collected. We analyzed the following parameters: age, parity, gravidity, the admission deadline, the beginning of eclampsia compared to the term of pregnancy, the number of seizure, mode of delivery, score of Glasgow, blood pressure, proteinuria, complications and evolution. RESULTS: Among 702 admissions, 158 patients, with a mean age of 20 ± 4 were hospitalized for eclampsia (22.5%). We recorded 106 cases of first pregnancies (67.1%) and 104 primiparous (65.8%). The admission period after the first seizure was over 6 hours for 90 patients (57%). The first seizure had occurred in ante-partum period for 69 patients, in per-partum period for 4 patients and in postpartum period for 85 patients.Ninety-three patients (59%) had consciousness disorders at admission, 12 patients received oxygen treatment .Vaginal delivery was the mode of delivery for 93 patients and cesarean section for 65 patients.Eclampsia was associated with renal failure in 25 patients, HELLP syndrome for 15 patients, the stroke for 5 patients, acute pulmonary edema for 3 patients, the coagulation disorders for one patient; and the sepsis for 6 patients. Maternal and perinatal lethality was 9.5% and 10.8% respectively. CONCLUSION: Eclampsia is a frequent medical and obstetric emergency in intensive care unit of the University Hospital of Point G and affects young patients during their first pregnancy and delivery. Maternal and perinatal lethality remains high, due to the delay in the cases management and the associated factors of gravity. Strong actions are needed to raise awareness for early medical visit and to prepare medical teams for better cases management.

OBJECTIF: Analyser les caractéristiques épidémio - clinique et le pronostic de l'éclampsie en réanimation au centre hospitalier et universitaire (CHU) du Point G. MATÉRIELS ET MÉTHODE: Les dossiers cliniques de toutes les patientes hospitalisées en réanimation pour une éclampsie de septembre 2009 à février 2011 ont été colligés de façon rétrospective. Nous avons analysé les paramètres suivants: l'âge, la parité, la gestité, le délai d'admission, le délai de survenue de l'éclampsie par rapport au terme de la grossesse, le nombre de crise convulsive, le mode d'accouchement, le score de Glasgow, la pression artérielle, la protéinurie, les complications et l'évolution. RÉSULTATS: Sur 702 admissions, 158 patientes, d'âge moyen 20 ans ± 4 ont été hospitalisées pour éclampsie (22,5%). Nous avons enregistré 106 dossiers de primigestes (67,1%) et 104 primipares (65,8%). Le délai d'admission après la première crise convulsive était supérieur à 6 heures chez 90 patientes (57%). La première crise convulsive était survenue en antépartum chez 69 patientes, en perpartum chez 4 patientes et en postpartum chez 85 patientes. Quatre vingt treize patientes (59%) avaient présenté des troubles de la conscience à l'admission, 12 patientes ont été mises sous assistance ventilatoire. La voie basse était le mode d'accouchement chez 93 patientes, et la césarienne chez 65 patientes. L'éclampsie était associée à l'insuffisance rénale chez 25 patientes, au HELLP-syndrome chez 15 patientes, à l'accident vasculaire cérébral chez 5 patientes, à l'œdème aigue du poumon chez 3 patientes, aux troubles de la coagulation chez une patiente; et une septicémie était retrouvé chez 6 patientes. La létalité maternelle et périnatale était respectivement de 9,5 % et de 10,8 %. CONCLUSION: L'éclampsie est une urgence médico ­ obstétricale fréquente au service de réanimation du CHU du Point G et touche les patientes jeunes primigesteset primipares. La létalité maternelle et périnatalereste élevée, liée au retard de la prise en charge et aux facteurs de gravité associés. Pour renverser cette situation il est nécessaire de sensibiliser les populations pour une consultation précoce mais aussi de mieux préparer les équipes médicales pour une meilleure prise en charge.

Tuberculosis specific responses following therapy for TB: Impact of HIV co-infection.

Characterizing perturbations in the immune response to tuberculosis in HIV can develop insights into the pathogenesis of coinfection. HIV+ TB+ and TB monoinfected (TB+) subjects recruited from clinics in Bamako prior to initiation of TB treatment were evaluated at time-points following initiation of therapy. Flow cytometry assessed CD4+/CD8+ T cell subsets and activation markers CD38/HLA-DR. Antigen specific responses to TB proteins were assessed by intracellular cytokine detection and proliferation. HIV+ TB+ subjects had significantly higher markers of immune activation in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells compared to TB+ subjects. HIV+ TB+ had lower numbers of TB-specific CD4+ T cells at baseline. Plasma IFNγ levels were similar between HIV+ TB+ and TB+ subjects. No differences were observed in in-vitro proliferative capacity to TB antigens between HIV+ TB+ and TB+ subjects. Subjects with HIV+ TB+ coinfection demonstrate in vivo expansion of TB-specific CD4+ T cells. Immunodeficiency associated with CD4+ T cell depletion may be less significant compared to immunosuppression associated with HIV viremia or untreated TB infection.

[Interest of laparoscopic surgery in the management of chronic abdominal pains in the surgery "A" department of the of the Point G University Hospital]. / Interet de la laparoscopie dans la prise en charge des douleurs abdominales chroniques dans le service de chirurgie "A" du CHU du Point G.

AIM: to evaluate the contribution of laparoscopic surgery in the management of chronic abdominal pains of unspecified etiology. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted over a period of 49 months (March 2008 to March 2012), in the surgery A service of the Point G university hospital. RESULTS: 52 patients suffering from chronic abdominal pain for 3 months have been listed. There were 36 women and 16 men, with a sex-ratio of 2.25. The pathologies found in laparoscopy were: 16 cases of adherences, 16 cases of gynaecological diseases, 6 cases of chronic appendicitis, 5 cases of chronic cholecystitis, 6 cases of abdominal tumors and 3 cases of intrauterine contraceptives in abdomen. Conversion to laparotomy was not made and mortality was null. No lesion was found in 11.54% of cases. The mean duration of hospitalization was 2 days. The duration of follow-up of the patients was 18 months with a minimum of 6 months and a maximum of 24 months. No painful symptomatology was found in 6 months in 88.46% of the cases. Persistent stomach pains were found in 3% of the cases. 8.54% of the patients had an improvement of symptomatology. CONCLUSION: Chronic abdominal pains put a diagnosis problem in surgery. Laparoscopy is a reference technique to diagnose this pain and to discuss them.

BUT: évaluer l'apport de la chirurgie laparoscopique dans la prise en charge des douleurs abdominales chroniques d'étiologie indéterminée. MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective et descriptive sur une période de 49 mois (mars 2008 à mars 2012), dans le service de chirurgie A du CHU du point G. RÉSULTATS: 52 patients souffrant de douleur abdominale depuis 3 mois ont été recensés. Il s'agissait de 36 femmes et 16 hommes soit un sex-ratio de 2,25. Les pathologies retrouvées à la laparoscopie étaient : 16 cas d'adhérences, 16 cas d'affections gynécologiques (hydrosalpinx, kystes dermoïdes, salpingites, endométriose externe), 6 cas d'appendicites chroniques, 5 cas cholécystites chroniques, 6 cas de tumeurs abdominales et 3 cas de stérilet intra-abdominal. Aucune conversion n'a été effectuée. La mortalité était nulle. Aucune lésion n'a été retrouvée dans 11,54% des cas (N=6cas). La durée moyenne d'hospitalisation était de 2 jours. La durée moyenne de suivi des patients était de 18 mois avec des extrêmes de 6 mois et 24 mois. 6 mois après l'intervention aucune symptomatologie douloureuse n'a été retrouvée dans 46 cas (88,46%), des douleurs abdominales persistantes ont été retrouvées dans 3% (N=2cas) et 5 patients (8,54%) avaient une nette amélioration de la symptomatologie douloureuse. CONCLUSION: Les douleurs abdominales chroniques posent un problème de diagnostic en chirurgie. La laparoscopie est une des techniques de référence indiquée pour diagnostiquer et traiter ces douleurs.

Acute sigmoid volvulus: results of surgical treatment in the teaching hospitals of Bamako.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to evaluate the results of surgical treatment of occlusion of the sigmoid colon due to volvulus. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study from 1996 to 2010 of all patients undergoing surgery for sigmoid volvulus in surgical wards of the University Hospital of Bamako. RESULTS: A total of 417 patients were identified including 379 men and 38 women. The mean patient age was 45.7 ± 18.3 years. The general condition of the patients was good in 70.5% and altered in 29.5% of cases. Colonic necrosis was present in 80 patients (19.2%). Single-stage resection with immediate anastomosis was performed in 149 patients (35.73%). Two-stage surgery was performed in 268 cases (64.27%). The initial stage of the two-stage procedure was colostomy in 167 cases and simple detorsion in 101 cases. The surgical approach had an impact on mortality in patients who were in poor general condition. Single-stage surgery resulted in higher mortality (12/149; 8.05%) than two-stage surgery (5/268; 1.87%), and the difference was statistically significant (P=0.0005). CONCLUSION: Single-stage surgery for sigmoid volvulus carries a high risk of death when it is performed in patients with poor general condition. Indications for surgery must take into account the patient's general condition and the viability of the torsed sigmoid colon.

[Treatment of malignant gastric tumors in the surgery "a" department of the Point G teaching hospital: 84 cases]. / Prise en charge des tumeurs malignes gastriques dans le service de chirurgie «a¼ du CHU du Point G a propos de 84 cas.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the short-term results of the treatment of malignant gastric tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 3-year retrospective study from january 2007 to december 2010 was conducted in the Surgery "A" department of the Point G Teaching Hospital. The clinical records of 84 patients with gastric cancers were collected. Included in this study were patients who underwent surgery for malignant gastric tumors confirmed by histology. Patients who did not undergo surgery and those who presented tumors of the cardia were not included in this study. RESULTS: The treatment consisted of a subtotal gastrectomy with ganglionic curettage taking out the first and the second relays in 33 patients (39.28%), total gastrostomy in 3 patients (3.57%), and the remaining 48 patients (57.14%) underwent gastro-entero anastomosis. Morbidity was 10.7%, represented by 7 cases of parietal suppuration and 2 cases of evisceration. Mortality rate was 11.11%, due to poor general condition of the patients. The global 1-year survival rate was 36.9%. The one and two-year survival rates after subtotal gastrostomy were 93.9% and 75.75%, respectively. No survival case was noticed one year after total gastrectomy and gastric enteric anastomosis. CONCLUSION: Partial gastrectomy with ganglionic curettage when possible associated with an early diagnosis could allow a sharp improvement of the gastric tumors' survival rate.

BUT: évaluer les résultats à court terme de la prise en charge des tumeurs malignes gastriques. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODES: Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective sur une période de 3 ans (janvier 2007 à décembre 2010) dans le service de chirurgie «A ¼ du CHU du Point G. Les dossiers cliniques de 84 malades atteints de cancers gastriques ont été colligés. Ont été inclus dans l'étude les malades opérés pour tumeurs malignes gastriques confirmées à l'histologie. Les malades non opérés et ceux présentant de tumeurs du cardia n'ont pas été inclus dans l'étude. RÉSULTATS: Une gastrectomie subtotale était réalisée chez 33 patients (39,28%) avec curage ganglionnaire emportant le premier et le deuxième relais, 3 gastrectomies totale (3,57%) et le reste du traitement a consisté en une gastro-entero-anastomose chez 48 malades (57,14 %). La morbidité était de 10,7 % représentée par 7 cas de suppuration pariétale, et 2 cas d'éviscération. Le taux de mortalité a été de 11,11% liée au mauvais état général des malades. Le taux de survie global à 1 an était de 36,90%. Le taux de survie à 1 an après gastrectomie subtotale était de 93,9%, et 75,75 % à 2 ans. Aucun cas de survie n'était enregistré à 1 an après gastrectomie totale et gastro-entero-anastomose. CONCLUSION: La gastrectomie partielle avec curage ganglionnaire chaque fois que sa réalisation est possible associée à un diagnostic précoce pourrait permettre une nette amélioration du taux de survie des tumeurs gastriques.

[Tracheal intubation in the Emergency Unit: accidents and incidents in the teaching hospital of Gabriel Touré of Bamako]. / L'intubation tracheale au service d'accueil des urgences: accidents et incidents au centre hospitalo-universitaire de Gabriel Toure de Bamako.

INTRODUCTION: Intubation in urgency is characterized by a greater difficulty compared with intubation in situation regulated with the operating theatre suite. In urgency, the determination of the predictive anatomical factors of difficult intubation is secondary. The incidence of the complications of endotracheal intubations in urgency in the French system was 11,6% with a rate of failure to 0,5. OBJECTIVE: To study the incidents and accidents during endotracheal intubations in the service of reception of the urgencies with the Gabriel TOURE teaching hospital of Bamako. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2010 at September 2011 with the service of reception of the urgencies of the Gabriel Touré teaching hospital. All the intubated patients were included. All the patients received a clinical evaluation and paraclinic examinations. Clinical monitoring was carried out in the 24 hours following the accident. The statistical test which was used for the comparison of our results was Khi 2 with a threshold of significance fixed at P<0,05. RESULTS: For the period of study 120 cases of accidents and incidents were collected for 320 intubated patients - a frequency of 37,5%. The age bracket 15 - 29 was prevalent representing 30,8 % of patients. The sex ratio was 2,3 in favour of men. In 44.3% of cases patients died in the 24 hours following intervention. Only patients admitted for cranial traumatism presented undesirable side effects in 50% of the cases versus 50% for the other joined reasons for admission. CONCLUSION: The accidents during endotracheal intubation in urgent interventions are considerable, hence the acquisition of more suitable material and good training would decrease incidence.

INTRODUCTION: L'intubation en urgence se caractérise par une plus grande difficulté comparée à l'intubation en situation réglée au bloc opératoire. En urgence, la détermination des facteurs anatomiques prédictifs de l'intubation difficile est secondaire. L'incidence des complications des intubations endotrachéales en urgence dans le système français était de 11,6% avec un taux d'échec à 0,5%. OBJECTIF: Etait d'étudier les incidents et accidents au cours des intubations endotrachéales dans le service d'accueil des urgences au CHU Gabriel TOURE de Bamako. PATIENTS ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale prospective d'octobre 2010 à septembre 2011 au service d'accueil des urgences du C.H.U. Gabriel Touré. Tous les patients intubés étaient inclus. Tous les patients avaient bénéficié d'une évaluation clinique et des examens paracliniques. Une surveillance clinique était effectuée dans les 24 heures premières heures après l'accident. Le test statistique qui a été utilisé pour la comparaison de nos résultats était le Khi2 avec un seuil de signification fixé à P<0 ,05. RÉSULTATS: Pendant la période d'étude 120 cas d'accidents et incidents ont été colligés sur 320 patients intubés soit une fréquence de 37,5%. La tranche d'âge 15 ­ 29 était prédominante avec 30,8 %. Le sex ratio était de 2,3 en faveur des hommes. Les patients étaient décédés dans les 24 Heures dans 44,3 % des cas. Les patients admis pour traumatisme crânien avaient présenté à eux seuls des événements indésirables dans 50 % des cas contre 50 % pour les autres motifs d'admission réunis. CONCLUSION: Les accidents au cours de l'intubation endotrachéale en urgence sont considérables dont l'acquisition de matériel adapté et une bonne formation diminueraient.

[Loco-regional anesthesia practices in 1261 cases]. / Pratique de l'anesthesie loco-regionale a propos de 1261 cas.

GOAL: The aim of this study was to take stock of the practice of the loco-regional anesthesia (LRA) at the University Hospital Center of Point G from January 2004 to December 2008. MATERIALS AND METHOD: This is a retrospective study, assessing the practice of LRA. The demographic data, the surgery, the technical characteristics of the procedure made, the type of local anesthetic used, adverse events were evaluated. RESULTS: The LRA involved 1261 patients - 8.30% of the total number of surgical procedures occurring during the studied period. The American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) classification was used for the evaluation of patients in scheduled surgery. The patients belonged to class 1 (50.40%) and Class 2 (49.60%). The main surgical procedures were: 26.20% surgical prostatic adenomectomy, 23.80% of caesarean section, and the fistulogram test for 19.04%. The LRA techniques performed were: spinal anesthesia, 87.60%, epidural anesthesia, 12%. Three hundred and three adverse events (24%) have been reported, three (1%) of them have resulted in the death of the patient. The incidence of arterial hypotension was 94.40%, and 4.6% for bradycardia. The three heart attacks were fatal (0.024 ‰). Patients operated under spinal anesthesia and patients aged 60 years and older had more adverse events with 20% and 10.38% for p <0.05 respectively. Sixty eight failures (5.4%) were observed. CONCLUSION: The practice of LRA at the University Hospital of Point G is characterized by adverse events and a low number of deaths. Patients operated under spinal anesthesia and patients aged 60 years and older are at greatest risk of adverse events.

OBJECTIF: Etait de faire le point de la pratique de l'ALR au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) du Point G, de janvier 2004 à décembre 2008. MATERIELS ET METHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude retrospective, évaluant la pratique de l'ALR. Les données démographiques, l'acte chirurgical, les caractéristiques techniques du geste effectué, le type d'anesthésique local utilisé, les événements indésirables ont été évalués. RESULTATS: L'ALR avait concerné 1.261 patients, soit 8,30%. La classification de l'American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) était utilisée pour l'évaluation des patients en chirurgie programmé. Les patients étaient de la classe ASA1 (50,40%) et de la classe ASA2 (49,60%). Les principaux actes chirurgicaux étaient: l'adénomectomie 26,20%, la césarienne 23,80% et la fistulorraphie 19,04%. Les techniques d'ALR réalisées étaient: la rachianesthésie, 87,60%, l'anesthésie péridurale, 12%. Trois cents trois événements indésirables soit 24% ont été rapportés, dont trois soit 1% ont entrainé le décès du patient. L'incidence de l'hypotension artérielle a été de 94,40%, la bradycardie de 4,6%. Les trois arrêts cardiaques ont été fatals (0,024‰). Les patients opérés sous rachianesthésie et les patients âgés de 60 ans et plus avaient présenté plus d'événements indésirables avec respectivement 20% et 10,38% pour un p < 0,05. Soixante huit échecs (soit 5,4%) avaient été constatés. CONCLUSION: La pratique de l'ALR au CHU du Point G est caractérisée par des événements indésirables et un nombre de décès faible. Les patients opérés sous rachianesthésie et les patients âgés de 60 ans et plus sont les plus exposés aux événements indésirables.

[Domestic accidents: epidemiological aspects in a District of Bamako]. / Accidents domestiques: aspects épidémiologiques dans une Commune de Bamako.

AIMS: To study the epidemiological, clinical and prognostic aspects of domestic accidents in the health center of reference of one district in Bamako. MATERIEL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study of domestic accidents received at the health center of reference of "commune V" in Bamako district from September 2009 to February 2010. All cases of domestic accident that came to the health center and followed up were included. The Chi2 was used for the statistical test with P ≤ 0,05 considered significant. RESULT: During the study period (September 2009 to February 2010), we gathered 192 cases of domestic accident for 7425 out patients or 2.6% of the reasons for consultation. The sex-ratio was 1.49 in favor of men. The occurrence of burns was more frequent in the age group 6-14 years and 15-24 years with respectively, p= 0,002 and p= 0.00002. Overall mortality was 2.6% and all deaths were due to the burn. CONCLUSION: Domestic accidents are frequent and take an important place in overall reasons for admission. In this context, the burn is more responsible for deaths.

OBJECTIF: Etudier les aspects épidemio-cliniques et pronostiques des accidents domestiques dans le Centre de Santé de référence d'une commune de Bamako. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODE: Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale portant sur des accidents domestiques reçus au centre de Santé de Référence de la commune V du district de Bamako de septembre 2009 à février 2010. Tous les cas d'accidents domestiques qui se sont présentés au Centre de Santé de Référence pris en charge et suivis ont été inclus. Le Khi2 a été utilisé pour le test statistique avec un P < 0,05 considéré comme significatif. RÉSULTATS: Durant la période d'étude de septembre 2009 à février 2010, nous avons colligé 192 cas d'accidents domestiques pour 7425 consultations externes soit 2,6% des motifs de consultation. Le sex-ratio était de 1,49 en faveur des hommes. La survenue des brulures était plus fréquente dans les tranches d'âges 6­14 ans et 15­24 ans avec respectivement P = 0,002 et P= 0,00002. La mortalité globale était de 2,6% et tous les décès étaient imputables à la brulure. CONCLUSION: Les accidents domestique sont fréquents et occupent une place non négligeable dans les motifs d'admission. Dans ce contexte la brulure est beaucoup plus responsable de décès.

[Cerebral toxoplasmosis during AIDS in the infectious diseases department of Point-G Teaching Hospital, Bamako, Mali]. / Toxoplasmose Cerebrale Au Cours Du Sida Dans Le Service Des Maladies Infectieuses Du CHU Du Point-G, Bamako-Mali.

Cerebral toxoplasmosis is common opportunistic infections of central nervous system in AIDS. It occurs most often in case of severe immunosuppression. The aim of this study is to investigate the general characteristics of cerebral toxoplasmosis during HIV infection and AIDS in hospital area in Bamako. It is a retrospective study of 5 years (form January 2001 to December 2005), conducted in the infectious diseases department of Point G Teaching Hospital of Bamako. It concerned all patients infected with HIV, hospitalized for cerebral toxoplasmosis. The diagnosis of cerebral toxoplasmosis was based on clinical, C T and therapeutic arguments. A total of 745 patients investigated, 26 met cerebral toxoplasmosis diagnostic criteria (14 men and 12 women). The rate of cerebral toxoplasmosis in the study population was 3.5%. The average age was 38.1 years (18-58 years). Focused neurological deficit (73.07%), intracranial hypertension signs (69.20%), meningeal syndrome (15.40%), seizures (57.69%) and consciousness disorders (30.80%) were the clinical characteristics. Hypodensity with or without peripheral enhancement images (93.75%) were found on CT. The average rate of CD4 T cells was 98.7cells/mm3 (5-473 cells/mm3). Oropharyngeal candidiasis in 61.53% of cases, intestinal cryptosporidiosis (11.53%), herpes zoster (3.84%) and Pott's disease (3.84%) were the opportunistic infections associated. Cotrimoxazole was used in 88.46% of patients and 3 patients (11.54%) received the standard treatment (Sulfadiazine-Pyrimethamine). Antitoxoplasmic treatment led to a clinical improvement in 84.61% and 4 deaths (15.39%). were recorded. The technical platform for etiological diagnosis of toxoplasmosis is not available at the Point-G Teaching Hospital, so in case of encephalitis signs in a HIV positive patient, CT should be urgently perform and a treatment trial must begin without delay.

[Comparaison between the association of chlorhydrate ketamin-magnesium sulfate ketamin chlorhydrate and in paracetamol aving in visceral surgery]. / Comparaison l'association chlorhydrate de ketamine-sulfate de magnesium au chlorhydrate de ketamine dans l'epargne en paracetamol en chirurgie viscerale.

AIM: To compare paracetamol saving followed by the association of ketamine chlorhydrate - magnesium sulfate to ketamine chlorhydrate and analyze cost after the 2 protocols administration. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted this comparative study from June 2005 to January 2006 in the services of anesthesiology and resuscitation and visceral surgery of the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré, Bamako. 80 patients were split into 2 groups - group A receiving: 0,25mg/kg of ketamine chlorhydrate plus 50mg /kg of magnesium sulfate, group B receiving: 0,25mg/kg of ketamine chlorhydrate. RESULTS: The 2 groups were compared by anthropometrical and clinical data (age, sex, weight) and ASA. The reduction of paracetamol dosage was 57, 50 % of the 4 g actually used per day in A group against 48, 50% in B group. CONCLUSION: Ketamin chlorhydrate associated to magnesium sulfate insure a post-operative analgesic saving in visceral surgery. Cost of analgesia actually used is reduced.

OBJECTIF: Comparer les effets de l'association chlorhydrate de kétamine - sulfate de magnésium à ceux du chlorhydrate de kétamine dans l'épargne en paracétamol. MATÉRIEL ET MÉTHODES: Notre étude était comparative. Elle s'est déroulée dans les services d'anesthésie réanimation et de chirurgie viscérale de l'hôpital Gabriel Touré de Bamako de juin 2005 à janvier 2006. Les malades ont été randomisés en deux groupes: groupe A recevait: 0,25 mg /kg du chlorhydrate de kétamine plus 50mg /kg de sulfate de magnésium et le groupe B recevait: 0,25mg/kg du chlorhydrate de kétamine. RÉSULTATS: Pendant la période 80 patients ont été inclus. Les deux groupes étaient comparables par les données anthropométrique et cliniques (poids, le sexe, l'âge) et ASA. La réduction de la dose de paracétamol injectable était de 57,50 % sur les 4 g habituellement utilisés par jour pour les patients du groupe A contre 48,50% des patients du groupe B. CONCLUSION: Le chlorhydrate de kétamine associé au sulfate de magnésium assure une épargne analgésique postopératoire en chirurgie viscérale. Le coût du paracétamol habituellement utilisé est réduit.

[Lidocaine in endotracheal intubation]. / Interet de la lidocaïne dans l'intubation endotracheale.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of lidocaîne use by IV during endotracheal intubation. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Our study was simple insu randomized prospective and comparative. It was done at the teaching hospital Gabriel Touré of Bamako from march to September 2005. Patients were distributed in 3 groups. The first group I: got fentanyl 2 nmg /kg+penthotal 5mg/kg+vecuronium 0.1mg/kg and intubation 3 mn later. The group II: lodocaîne 1,5mg +fentanyl 2nmg/kg+penthotal 5mg /kg + vecuronium 0.1mg/kg and intubation 3mn later. The group III: lodocaïne 1.5 mg/kg+pentothal 5mg/kg+vecuronium 0.1mg/kg and intubation 3 mn later. RESULTS: The mean arterial pression to intubation has been 105.88±13.82 mmhg in the groupI, 96.60±15.01mmhg in the group II and 96.44±12.09mmhg in the group III with P = 0.008. To incision it has been 99.12±11.82 in the group I, 94.90 ±6.67 mmhg in the group II and 92.26±8.81 mmhg in the groupIII with P = 0.017. CONCLUSION: Lidocaïne, used alone in Iv or associated to fentanyl 3 mn before intubation prevents hypertension related to intubation and incision.

[The etiological, clinical and prognosis of diarrhea occurs during AIDS in to hospital in Bamako]. / Aspects sémiologique, étiologique et pronostique de la diarrhée au cours du SIDA en milieu hospitalier de Bamako.

UNLABELLED: Its was a descriptive survey achieved in the service of the infectious and tropical illnesses of the teaching hospital of the "Point G" from 31 December 2002 to 30 June 2004 was about the analysis of 76 files. Its goal was to determine the clinical, etiological and prognostic aspects, of the diarrhea during the AIDS. The oral-pharyngeal candidiasis (50%), the deshydratation (60,5%), the fever (67,5%) and the thinning (77,6%) were associated to the diarrhoea frequently. Cholera syndrome was (52.6%), dysenteric syndrome was (36.8%) and the diarrhea syndrome was (10.5%). According to the etiological aspect, the parasites were founded in 51,3 % of cases, bacteria 9,2 % of cases, and fungus 5,3%. Any pathogen hasn't been founded in 34,2% of cases. Cyptosporidium parvum (15,8 %), and Isospora Belli (11,8%) was the most common parasites founded, but some unusual pathogens as: Entamoeba hystolitica, Trichomonas intestinalis , Giardia intestinalis , Shistosoma mansoni , Dicrococelium dendriticum, Trichostrongylus were present . The most common bacteria were Escherichia coli 5,3%. The fungus family was represented by Candida albicans . The lethality rate was 46,1%. CONCLUSION: The etiology of diarrhea occurs during aids is variable and include opportunistic and non opportunistic. The fatality rate remains incised because the delay of care and the poverty of the patients.