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1.
Kidney Blood Press Res ; 49(1): 218-227, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38442701

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a global prevalence of 9.1-13.4%. Comorbidities are abundant and may cause and affect CKD. Cardiovascular disease strongly correlates with CKD, increasing the burden of both diseases. SUMMARY: As a group of 15 clinical nephrologists primarily practicing in 12 Central/Eastern European countries, as well as Israel and Kazakhstan, herein we review the significant unmet needs for patients with CKD and recommend several key calls-to-action. Early diagnosis and treatment are imperative to ensure optimal outcomes for patients with CKD, with the potential to greatly reduce both morbidity and mortality. Lack of awareness of CKD, substandard indicators of kidney function, suboptimal screening rates, and geographical disparities in reimbursement often hamper access to effective care. KEY MESSAGES: Our key calls-to-action to address these unmet needs, thus improving the standard of care for patients with CKD, are the following: increase disease awareness, such as through education; encourage provision of financial support for patients; develop screening algorithms; revisit primary care physician referral practices; and create epidemiological databases that rectify the paucity of data on early-stage disease. By focusing attention on early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of high-risk and early-stage CKD populations, we aim to reduce the burdens, progression, and mortality of CKD.


Assuntos
Diagnóstico Precoce , Nefrologistas , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Humanos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/terapia , Insuficiência Renal Crônica/diagnóstico , Europa Oriental/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia
2.
Rev Med Suisse ; 20(860): 294-299, 2024 Feb 07.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38323764

RESUMO

Thiazide diuretics are an essential part of the treatment of hypertension, which affects nearly a third of the world's population. Hydrochlorothiazide is the most widely used member of this class, due to its long availability on the market and the many combinations available with other substances. Other analogues of this class exist, with notable advantages from a clinical point of view, recognized under the name of thiazide-like. This article reviews some of the considerations in clinical practice concerning the different types of thiazides currently available in Switzerland.


Les diurétiques thiazidiques font partie des traitements de premier choix dans la prise en charge de l'hypertension artérielle, touchant près d'un tiers de la population mondiale. L'hydrochlorothiazide est le représentant de cette classe médicamenteuse le plus utilisé dans les combinaisons antihypertensives en Suisse. D'autres analogues de cette classe existent sur le marché, avec des avantages notables du point de vue clinique, reconnus sous la dénomination de thiazides-like. Le choix de l'utilisation d'un diurétique thiazidique repose avant tout sur les indications et les contre-indications relatives à cette classe. Cet article propose une revue de quelques considérations en pratique clinique sur les différents types de thiazides actuellement disponibles en Suisse.


Assuntos
Diuréticos , Hipertensão , Humanos , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico , Tiazidas/uso terapêutico , Hidroclorotiazida/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Simportadores de Cloreto de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 20(860): 305-310, 2024 Feb 07.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38323766

RESUMO

The most important modifiable risk factors of renal cell carcinoma are smoking, obesity and hypertension. A biopsy of the renal tumour is not always necessary. It is important in situations where it can change the therapeutic attitude and should be discussed in particular for tumors < 4 cm in size and in metastatic stage. Treatment of localized and locoregional disease consists mainly of surgical removal of the tumor. Local ablative therapy (radiofrequency, thermoablation) or active surveillance are options for small tumors < 4 cm and frail patients with high surgical risk. Systemic treatment of metastatic disease consists of antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors.


Les facteurs de risque modifiables du carcinome à cellules rénales les plus importants sont le tabagisme, l'obésité et l'hypertension. Une biopsie de la néoplasie rénale n'est pas toujours nécessaire. Elle est importante dans les situations où elle peut conduire à un changement d'attitude thérapeutique et devrait être discutée notamment pour les néoplasies dont la taille est < 4 cm et lors de situation métastatique. Le traitement de la maladie localisée consiste surtout en une exérèse chirurgicale. Un traitement ablatif local (radiofréquence, thermoablation) ou une surveillance active sont des options pour les petites néoplasies < 4 cm et pour les patients ayant un risque chirurgical élevé. Le traitement systémique de la maladie métastatique comprend les immunothérapies et les inhibiteurs de tyrosine kinases antiangiogéniques.


Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Renais , Neoplasias Renais , Humanos , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Imunoterapia
4.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(778): 763-768, 2022 Apr 20.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35451282

RESUMO

For the last ten years, several physiopathological mechanisms impli-cated in the irritable bowel syndrome have been highlighted. These mechanisms answer to some interrogations, but nowadays therapeutic options tend to be unsatisfying. The control of the symptoms is difficult on a long run and very often incomplete. This article proposes a review of the mechanisms implicated in this complex pathology, from which arise complementary management to the « classical ¼ treatment.


Depuis une dizaine d'années, plusieurs mécanismes physiopa­thologiques impliqués dans le syndrome de l'intestin irritable sont mis en avant. Ils permettent de répondre à certaines interrogations, mais à l'heure actuelle les propositions thérapeutiques qui en ressortent sont régulièrement peu satisfaisantes. Le contrôle des symptômes reste difficile au long cours et très souvent incomplet. Cet article propose une revue des mécanismes impliqués dans cette pathologie complexe, dont découleront des prises en charge complémentaires au traitement dit « classique ¼.


Assuntos
Síndrome do Intestino Irritável , Humanos , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/diagnóstico , Síndrome do Intestino Irritável/terapia
5.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(768): 229-234, 2022 Feb 09.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35156347

RESUMO

Uncontrolled blood pressure is a problem frequently encountered in hospital. Health workers may be inclined to initiate or increase hypertensive treatment to decrease blood pressure. However, studies have shown that in the absence of hypertensive emergency, there is no indication to treat hypertension in hospitalized patients. On the contrary, a treatment modification would increase the occurrence of complications without achieving better long-term blood pressure control. The role of the hospital physician is to recognize hypertensive emergencies, to look for and treat reversible external factors that could influence blood pressure and finally to refrain from treating blood pressure in the absence of target organ damage.


L'hypertension artérielle non contrôlée est une problématique fréquemment rencontrée en milieu hospitalier. Il n'est pas rare que le personnel médico-soignant se questionne sur l'instauration ou l'optimisation d'un traitement hypertenseur. Les études ont cependant montré qu'en l'absence d'urgence hypertensive, il n'y a pas d'indication à traiter une hypertension durant le séjour hospitalier. Au contraire, une modification du traitement favoriserait la survenue de complications sans permettre d'améliorer le contrôle de la tension artérielle à plus long terme. Le rôle du médecin hospitalier est de reconnaître les urgences hypertensives, de chercher et traiter les facteurs externes réversibles pouvant influencer le profil tensionnel et enfin de s'abstenir de traiter en l'absence d'atteinte d'organes cibles.


Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos , Hipertensão , Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Pressão Sanguínea , Emergências , Hospitais , Humanos , Hipertensão/tratamento farmacológico
6.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(768): 235-240, 2022 Feb 09.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35156348

RESUMO

NSAID represent a widely used therapeutic class, but their side- effects profile can significantly limit their use. Introduction of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor has provided an alternative to non-selective NSAIDs, with a better digestive tolerance for similar efficiency. Nevertheless, introduction of these molecules has been associated with emergence of major cardiovascular events, motivating further studies on their safety profile. Numerous adverse effects, mainly gastrointestinal, renal and cardiovascular, have been more clearly characterized. This article intends to review some of the basic principles and main side effects of NSAIDs.


Les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens représentent une classe thérapeutique largement utilisée, mais leurs profils d'effets secondaires peuvent limiter leur utilisation. Le développement des inhibiteurs sélectifs de la cyclo-oxygénase 2 a permis d'offrir une meilleure tolérance digestive pour une efficacité similaire. Néanmoins, ces substances sont associées à une recrudescence d'événements cardiovasculaires majeurs, motivant la réalisation de nouvelles études sur le profil sécuritaire. De nombreux effets indésirables, essentiellement gastro-intestinaux, rénaux et cardiovasculaires, ont dès lors été plus clairement caractérisés. Cet article propose une revue de quelques notions de base et des principaux effets secondaires liés à la prescription d'AINS.


Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/efeitos adversos , Inibidores de Ciclo-Oxigenase 2 , Humanos
7.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(768): 241-246, 2022 Feb 09.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35156349

RESUMO

Quinolone's antibiotics, with their excellent biodisponibility, tissular penetration and broad spectrum of activity are commonly used in hospitals and outpatient settings. The properties of this class of antibiotics lead to overuse with inevitable selection of resistance, constantly rising in Switzerland. This article provides a summary of various elements useful to balance benefit/risk when using quinolones in daily clinical practice.


Les quinolones sont des antibiotiques fréquemment utilisés en pratique clinique en raison de leur bonne biodisponibilité, pénétration tissulaire et d'un spectre d'activité large, utile en milieu hospitalier comme en ambulatoire. Ces caractéristiques engendrent un risque élevé de surutilisation de cette classe d'antibiotiques avec, pour corollaire, une sélection de résistance large en progression constante en Suisse. Cet article propose une synthèse des caractéristiques permettant d'évaluer le rapport bénéfices/risques de leur utilisation en pratique quotidienne.


Assuntos
Quinolonas , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Quinolonas/uso terapêutico , Suíça
8.
Rev Med Suisse ; 18(768): 247-251, 2022 Feb 09.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35156350

RESUMO

Amiodarone is a class III antiarrhythmic drug effective in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias and atrial fibrillation. The prolonged half-life and lipo-solubility are responsible for its accumulation in tissues and its toxicity ranges from mild to severe. Main adverse effects are observed on thyroid, pulmonary and cardiac system. Clinical and biological monitoring allows early detection of their occurrence. In case of serious side effect, treatment discontinuation is often necessary and therapeutic alternatives must be considered.


L'amiodarone est un antiarythmique de classe III, efficace dans le traitement des arythmies ventriculaires et de la fibrillation auriculaire. La longue demi-vie d'élimination et la liposolubilité sont responsables de l'accumulation dans les tissus et sa toxicité peut varier du degré léger à sévère. Les effets toxiques les plus fréquents s'observent au niveau de la thyroïde, du poumon et du cœur. Un suivi clinique et biologique permet de détecter précocement leur survenue. En cas d'effet indésirable grave, l'interruption du traitement est souvent nécessaire et des alternatives thérapeutiques doivent être considérées.


Assuntos
Amiodarona , Fibrilação Atrial , Amiodarona/efeitos adversos , Antiarrítmicos/efeitos adversos , Fibrilação Atrial/tratamento farmacológico , Coração , Humanos
9.
Rev Med Suisse ; 16(710): 1906-1911, 2020 Oct 14.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33058575

RESUMO

Cephalosporins belong to the betalactam group and are frequently prescribed in both out and inpatient settings. Their broad spectrum of activity allows a varied use in most medical specialties, ranging from preoperative prophylaxis to treatment of febrile agranulocytosis. There are currently five generations of cephalosporins, mainly differentiated according to their structure, spectrum of activity and side-effect profile. So-called siderophore cephalosporins are active against many multiresistant bacteria, especially in cases of complicated urinary tract infections or ventilator-associated pneumonia. This article intends to review some general clinical principles in prescription and monitoring of patients treated with cephalosporins.


Les céphalosporines, qui font partie du groupe des bêtalactamines, sont fréquemment prescrites en milieu ambulatoire comme en milieu hospitalier. Leur spectre d'activité étendu permet une utilisation variée dans la plupart des spécialités médicales, allant de la prophylaxie préopératoire au traitement de l'agranulocytose fébrile. Il existe actuellement cinq générations de céphalosporines, que l'on différencie essentiellement selon leur structure, leur spectre d'activité et leur profil d'effets secondaires. Les céphalosporines dites « sidérophores ¼ sont actives contre de nombreuses bactéries multirésistantes, notamment en cas d'infections urinaires compliquées ou de pneumonies liées à la ventilation mécanique. Cet article propose une synthèse de quelques principes généraux utiles pour la prescription et le suivi de patients traités par céphalosporines.


Assuntos
Cefalosporinas/uso terapêutico , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Cefalosporinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Prescrições , Infecções Urinárias/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Urinárias/microbiologia
10.
Rev Med Suisse ; 15(661): 1551-1555, 2019 Sep 04.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31496188

RESUMO

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have long been considered as devoid of any toxicity, but recent studies have uncovered significant potential side effects related to long-term use. In addition, stopping treatment with PPI may cause a symptomatic rebound effect of acid production. This article reviews the current literature on strategies for rationalizing their use, limiting potential adverse effects and progressive discontinuation.


Les inhibiteurs de la pompe à protons (IPP) ont longtemps été considérés comme dénués de toute toxicité, mais des études récentes ont mis à jour de potentiels effets secondaires significatifs en lien avec leur utilisation à long terme. De plus, l'arrêt du traitement par IPP peut être à l'origine d'un effet rebond symptomatique de la production acide. Cet article propose une revue des données actuelles de la littérature sur les stratégies de rationalisation de leur usage, la limitation de potentiels effets indésirables et de leur sevrage progressif.


Assuntos
Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/administração & dosagem , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/efeitos adversos , Inibidores da Bomba de Prótons/uso terapêutico
11.
Rev Med Suisse ; 15(661): 1545-1550, 2019 Sep 04.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31496187

RESUMO

Pyelonephritis is a frequent infection mostly found in women. Urine must be collected for culture before beginning antibiotherapy. The predominant pathogen identified is E coli. Ciprofloxacin may be used right away if the E. coli susceptibility to this antibiotic is at least 90% in the local population. Otherwise, a dose of ceftriaxone or amikacin (outside pregnancy) should be administered. For inpatient care, initial treatment is different according to clinical severity. In case of complication, specialists of urology and infectiology should be consulted. An antibiotic de-escalation should be considered if permitted by the clinical evolution and the antibiogram; in favor of amoxicillin in women and ciprofloxacin in men. In case of history of ESBL infection or carriage, the empirical treatment should be adapted.


La pyélonéphrite est une infection fréquente principalement présente chez la femme. Une culture d'urine doit être prélevée avant de débuter l'antibiothérapie. Le germe le plus identifié est l'E. coli La ciprofloxacine peut être prescrite d'emblée si l'E. coli est sensible, soit chez 90 % ou plus de la population locale. Dans le cas contraire, une dose de ceftriaxone ou d'amikacine (sauf grossesse) devrait être administrée. En cas hospitalisation, le traitement initial diffère selon la gravité clinique. Lors de complication, un urologue et un infectiologue devraient être consultés. Une désescalade antibiotique est à envisager si l'évolution clinique et l'antibiogramme le permettent ; pour l'amoxicilline chez la femme et la ciprofloxacine chez l'homme. En cas d'antécédent d'infection ou de portage BLSE, le traitement devrait être adapté.


Assuntos
Assistência ao Paciente , Pielonefrite/tratamento farmacológico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Escherichia coli/isolamento & purificação , Escherichia coli/patogenicidade , Infecções por Escherichia coli/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por Escherichia coli/microbiologia , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pielonefrite/microbiologia
12.
Rev Med Suisse ; 15(661): 1566-1571, 2019 Sep 04.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31496190

RESUMO

Beta-blockers are very commonly drugs used in clinical practice, but whose mechanisms and clinical impacts are not always well understood, especially in certain specific clinical situations. This article proposes a review of some pharmacology notions over the different generations of ß-blockers, as well as a review of indications and side effects in particular clinical situations, such as COPD, portal hypertension with esophageal varices and erectile dysfunction. Finally, an overview of response variability of these treatments is discussed from a genetic point of view.


Les bêtabloquants sont des traitements médicamenteux couramment utilisés en pratique clinique mais dont les mécanismes et les impacts demeurent parfois méconnus, notamment dans certaines situations cliniques spécifiques. Cet article propose une revue de quelques notions pharmacologiques des différentes générations de bêtabloquants, ainsi que les indications et effets secondaires dans des situations cliniques particulières, comme la BPCO, l'hypertension portale avec varices œsophagiennes et la dysfonction érectile. Enfin, un survol de la variabilité de réponses à ces traitements est abordé notamment d'un point de vue génétique.


Assuntos
Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/efeitos adversos , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/classificação , Disfunção Erétil , Varizes Esofágicas e Gástricas , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal , Masculino , Farmacogenética , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica
13.
Rev Med Suisse ; 13(563): 1055-1058, 2017 May 17.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28636298

RESUMO

Development of oncological treatments has progressively and significantly reduced both mortality and morbidity. Chemotherapy and more recently immunotherapy may have short- and long-term side effects among which, renal involvement is one of the most frequent complications, which may alter therapeutic options and quality of life. High cumulative doses of chemotherapy, concomitant administration of nephrotoxic treatment and pre-existing nephropathy are to be carefully considered. This article intends to review some practical considerations concerning therapies from a nephrological point of view.


Le développement de thérapies oncologiques spécifiques a permis de diminuer progressivement et significativement la mortalité ainsi que la morbidité globale. La chimiothérapie et plus récemment les traitements biologiques ciblés peuvent s'accompagner d'effets secondaires à court et long termes, et l'atteinte rénale est l'une des complications les plus fréquentes qui peut notamment limiter significativement les options thérapeutiques et la qualité de vie des patients. Les doses cumulées de ces traitements, l'administration simultanée de traitements néphrotoxiques et la présence de néphropathies concomitantes sont des éléments à prendre en considération. Cet article propose de revoir quelques aspects pratiques sur le plan néphrologique concernant certaines thérapies oncologiques.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Imunoterapia/efeitos adversos , Nefropatias/etiologia , Neoplasias/terapia , Humanos , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Oncologia , Fatores de Risco
14.
Nephrol Ther ; 13(3): 183-187, 2017 May.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28455110

RESUMO

A 21-year-old man ingested 75g of pure caffeine, in an attempt to commit suicide. This represents 7.5 times the minimal lethal dose. Caffeine, 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, is the most widely consumed psychoactive compound worldwide. It is mostly found in coffee, tea, energizing drinks and in some drugs. However, it has become really easy to obtain pure caffeine (powder or tablets) on the Internet. Mechanisms of action are dose-dependent. When caffeine overdosing occurs, neurologic, cardiovascular and renal systems are mainly affected. Severe intoxication can be fatal. No antidote is available and treatment is purely symptomatic. Hemoperfusion has previously been carried out in the 1990's to treat patients with caffeine intoxication. Since 2009, hemodialysis and hemofiltration have proposed as well. Our patient was successfully treated with a combination of hemodiafiltration, intermittent and then continuous.


Assuntos
Cafeína/intoxicação , Estimulantes do Sistema Nervoso Central/intoxicação , Hemodiafiltração , Intoxicação/terapia , Tentativa de Suicídio , Adulto , Hemodiafiltração/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Intoxicação/diagnóstico , Resultado do Tratamento
15.
Rev Med Suisse ; 12(529): 1453-1459, 2016 Sep 07.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28675265

RESUMO

Prevention and management of thromboembolic events are historically based on the use of anti-vitamines K (AVK) and heparins. Since 2009, emerging direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) with successive validated indications, changed progressively the way of managing oral anticoagulation. The main advantages of this new generation of medication are a better safety profile and the lack of need for monitoring anticoagulation activity. However, a number of situations in clinical practice still require careful use of these DOAC. This article review some practical considerations and specific situations of hospital and ambulatory settings.


La prise en charge des événements thromboemboliques et leur prévention est historiquement basée sur l'utilisation des antivitamines K et des héparines. Depuis 2009, l'arrivée sur le marché d'anticoagulants oraux directs (AOD), avec la validation successive d'indications, a modifié le paysage de l'anticoagulation et de sa prise en charge. L'avantage principal de cette nouvelle génération de substances est un effet anticoagulant plus prédictible, sans nécessité de suivre l'activité anticoagulante. En pratique clinique, certaines situations requièrent néanmoins une utilisation prudente des AOD. Cet article propose une revue de quelques considérations pratiques et de situations spécifiques issues des pratiques hospitalière et ambulatoire.


Assuntos
Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Tromboembolia/tratamento farmacológico , Administração Oral , Coagulação Sanguínea , Heparina , Humanos
16.
Rev Med Suisse ; 12(529): 1468-1473, 2016 Sep 07.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28675267

RESUMO

Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in hospitalized and in outpatients. We review four important aspects for their daily prescription. In elderly patients, the prescription should take into account changes in the volume of distribution and the usual decline in renal function even in the absence of chronic kidney disease. Particular antibiotics can trigger infection with Clostridium difficile. We discuss actual and novel strategies for its prevention. Renal toxicity of antibiotics includes acute tubular necrosis, interstitial nephritis and crystals obstructing renal tubule, depending on the class of antibiotics. Plasmatic levels of particular antibiotics should be measured either at trough or at peak levels depending of the antibiotic prescribed.


Les antibiotiques sont fréquemment prescrits en hospitalier et en ambulatoire. Nous revoyons quatre aspects ayant des conséquences dans la prescription au quotidien. Dans la population âgée, il convient de tenir compte du changement du volume de distribution et du déclin de la fonction rénale même en l'absence de pathologie rénale. L'infection à Clostridium difficile est favorisée par certains antibiotiques en particulier. Afin de la prévenir, nous discuterons des stratégies connues et nouvelles. La toxicité rénale se manifeste selon la classe d'antibiotiques par une nécrose tubulaire aiguë, une néphrite interstitielle ou une cristallurie entraînant une obstruction intratubulaire. Pour certains antibiotiques, la mesure des taux plasmatiques résiduels ou au pic est nécessaire.


Assuntos
Anti-Infecciosos/efeitos adversos , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Idoso , Antibacterianos , Clostridioides difficile , Infecções por Clostridium/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Nefrite Intersticial
18.
Nephrol Ther ; 10(1): 51-7, 2014 Feb.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24411827

RESUMO

The occurrence of electrolyte disorders as hypocalcemia and/or hyponatremia is an uncommon event in preeclampsia, which can be the sign of serious situation, with potentially unfavourable consequences for the mother and her fœtus. Hyponatremia in the setting of preeclampsia is an indicator of severity, and requires the understanding of the etiologic mechanisms to initiate an appropriate treatment. Indeed the often-considered fluid restriction is rarely a treatment option for pregnant women. Hypocalcemia is a complication that must be monitored when a treatment with high doses of intravenous magnesium sulphate is introduced. In this context, hypocalcemia must be sought, with the exclusion of other etiologies as vitamin D deficiency, hypoparathyroidism or renal and extrarenal loss of calcium. A replacement therapy, intravenous or oral according to circumstances, should be considered in case of severe or symptomatic hypocalcemia.


Assuntos
Hipocalcemia/etiologia , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Pré-Eclâmpsia/sangue , Adulto , Aldosterona/fisiologia , Anti-Hipertensivos/administração & dosagem , Anti-Hipertensivos/uso terapêutico , Síndrome de Vazamento Capilar/etiologia , Síndrome de Vazamento Capilar/fisiopatologia , Cesárea , Emergências , Feminino , Fertilização in vitro , Retardo do Crescimento Fetal/etiologia , Humanos , Hipocalcemia/tratamento farmacológico , Hipocalcemia/fisiopatologia , Hiponatremia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiponatremia/fisiopatologia , Recém-Nascido , Infusões Intravenosas , Labetalol/administração & dosagem , Labetalol/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Magnésio/administração & dosagem , Sulfato de Magnésio/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Pré-Eclâmpsia/fisiopatologia , Gravidez , Pressorreceptores/fisiologia , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/fisiologia , Vasopressinas/metabolismo
19.
Rev Med Suisse ; 7(280): 296-302, 2011 Feb 02.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21381273

RESUMO

Applying knowledge acquired from recent medical studies to patient care poses a daily challenge to physicians. Chief residents from the Department of Internal Medicine at the University Hospital of Lausanne carried out a review of some of the issues they considered important. The conclusions of these various publications may have a significant impact on the daily practice of hospital-based internal medicine. Modern medicine based on scientific studies is a reminder that in spite of the essential importance of clinical experience, it is crucial to confront it with the results of relevant publications from the medical literature.


Assuntos
Medicina Interna , Internato e Residência , Humanos
20.
Rev Med Suisse ; 6(238): 438-42, 2010 Mar 03.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20344993

RESUMO

Loop diuretics belong to the most common medications used in ambulatory and hospitalized patients, especially in situation of hypervolemia and chronic renal failure. Prolonged used of these agents in particular medical conditions can lead to attenuation of their diuretic effect, commonly known as "resistance" to diuretics. This article intends to review the main mechanisms of resistance to loop diuretic and the ways to counteract them in clinical practice.


Assuntos
Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Resistência a Medicamentos , Diuréticos/farmacologia , Humanos
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