Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 plasma levels predict cardiogenic shock and mortality in acute coronary syndromes.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dipeptidyl peptidase 3 (DPP3) is a protease involved in the degradation of angiotensin II which disturbs peripheral blood pressure regulation and compromises left ventricular function. This study examined the relationship of circulating DPP3 (cDPP3) with cardiogenic shock (CS) and mortality in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). METHODS: Plasma cDPP3 levels were assessed at baseline and 12-24 h after presentation in patients with ACS prospectively enrolled into the multi-centre SPUM-ACS study (n = 4787). RESULTS: Circulating DPP3 levels were associated with in-hospital CS when accounting for established risk factors including the ORBI risk score [per log-2 increase, hazard ratio (HR) 1.38, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.82, P = .021]. High cDPP3 was an independent predictor of mortality at 30 days (HR 1.87, 95% CI 1.36-2.58, P < .001) and at one year (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.28-2.02, P < .001) after adjustment for established risk factors and the GRACE 2.0 score. Compared to values within the normal range, persistently elevated cDPP3 levels at 12-24 h were associated with 13.4-fold increased 30-day mortality risk (HR 13.42, 95% CI 4.86-37.09, P < .001) and 5.8-fold increased 1-year mortality risk (HR 5.79, 95% CI 2.70-12.42, P < .001). Results were consistent across various patient subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: This study identifies cDPP3 as a novel marker of CS and increased mortality in patients with ACS. Circulating DPP3 offers prognostic information beyond established risk factors and improves early risk assessment.

[Do we need to treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised patients? : A rapid review]. / Soll die asymptomatische Bakteriurie bei Immunsupprimierten antibiotisch therapiert werden? : Ein Rapid Review.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), especially multidrug resistant Escherichia coli strains, is a problem even in Europe. That is why inadequate usage of antibiotic therapy should be avoided, especially in the treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB). OBJECTIVES: Should ASB be treated with antibiotics in immunocompromized patients, namely solid organ transplant, especially kidney transplant or stem cell transplant recipients? MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rapid review based on a systematic literature search in MEDLINE between 1980 and 2022 was performed. For evidence synthesis, only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs were considered. RESULTS: No studies were identified for the search term solid organ and stem cell transplantation. Three RCTs (antibiotic therapy versus no therapy) were included for adult kidney transplantation. None of the studies showed a benefit for antibiotic therapy of ASB in reduction of symptomatic urinary tract infections, especially in the late transplantation phase two months after kidney transplantation; furthermore, this therapy may promote AMR development. In addition, there are numerous gaps of evidence, e.g., in pediatric transplantation or regarding the influence of special immunosuppressants. CONCLUSION: There is no evidence for antibiotic therapy of ASB in adult kidney transplantation two months after the surgery. Further studies addressing the identified evidence gaps are essential for the prevention of further AMR development.