[Pregnancy and hydatid cyst]. / Gebelik ve kist hidatik.

Cyst hydatid disease (CHD) can be localized in every organ and frequently seen in Turkey. Twenty weeks pregnant woman was admitted with hemoptysis and dyspnea. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral homogeneous dansities. We planned to end pregnancy or follow until term, as diagnosis of CHD. The patient refused delivery. Eleven months later she was admitted with haemoptysis and syncope. Chest X-ray showed cavitary lesion, pleural effusion, pneumothorax in right lung and another cavitary lesion in left. Tube thoracostomy performed with the diagnosis of perforated cyst hydatid (CH) and the patient operated. CH may enlarge in pregnancy. Cyst rupture can cause anaphylactic shock and hemoptysis. Pregnancy and CHD occur occasionally together and there is no consensus about treatment.

Cervical mediastinoscopy versus computed tomography for detecting enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in non-cancerous lung diseases.

Cervical mediastinoscopy (CM) is considered to be the gold standard for evaluating mediastinal lymph nodes. The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of computed tomography (CT) and CM for detecting enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in non-malignant pulmonary diseases. We retrospectively investigated the correlation and differentiation between chest CT and CM findings in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV), in 30 patients with granulomatous lung disease diagnosed by CM and isolated enlarged lymph nodes seen on CT scans. Biopsy tissues from the lymph nodes in stations right, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 7, were obtained for pathological examination. The 30 patients comprised 11 men (mean age 47.1 +/- 18.4 years) and 19 women (mean age 44.2 +/- 14.0 years). Radiological examination showed that the diagnostic value of stations 2 and 4 was particularly high. Thus, when CM is used for diagnostic purposes, the small lymph nodes in station 1, obtained by careful dissection of the higher mediastinal region, can be helpful. Generally, there is no absolute consistency between the findings of CM and CT. For this reason, obtaining samples from each station regardless of CT findings is recommended.

Chest-wall metastasis in a patient who underwent liver transplantation due to hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a common malignancy. It may cause extrahepatic metastases through haematogenous or lymphatic dissemination or direct invasion. Furthermore, methods such as fine-needle aspiration biopsies performed to obtain a diagnosis or percutaneous ethanol injection and radiofrequency hyperthermia performed for treatment may also cause tumour dissemination. We present a 52-year-old male patient whose isolated right chest wall metastasis developed after liver transplantation due to hepatocellular carcinoma. We performed chest wall reconstruction after the mass was removed.

[Surgical treatment in non-small cell lung cancer invading to the chest wall (T3) and vertebra (T4)]. / Gögüs duvari (T3) ve vertebra (T4) tutulumu olan küçük hücreli disi akciger kanseri olgularinda cerrahi tedavi.

The involvement of the chest wall (T3) or the vertebra (T4) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is seen at a ratio between 3-8% in patient's undergone surgery. The most important factors affecting the survival in both T3 and T4 tumors are the absence of lymph node invasion and a complete resection application. Amount of 162 cases were subjected to operation due to NSCLC between January 2004-July 2006. Examined retrospectively, these cases were determined to be chest wall invasion in 12 (7.4%) cases and vertebra invasion in 4 (2.5%) cases. T3 and T4 tumors with N0 lymph nodules were removed during operation. En block resection was applied to three cases with chest wall invasion and extrapleural resection was applied to nine cases. All the cases with vertebra invasion were subjected to en block resection and instrumentation. While left lower lobectomy with posterolateral thoracotomy was applied to one case following hemicorpectomy and instrumentation under posterior approach, lung resection following hemicorpectomy and instrumentation with a posterolateral thoracotomy approach were applied to two cases. However, chest wall resection without instrumentation was applied to one case following partial corpectomy. The patients underwent a complete resection and having no lymph node invasion show a long lasting survival with radiotherapy or chemoradiotherapy preoperatively and/or postoperatively.

Glutamine administration enhances the healing of lung parenchymal injuries and reduces air leakage in rats.

Beneficial effects of glutamine on wound healing are well known. Parenchymal injuries in the lung cause air leakage that resolves with wound healing. We aimed to determine the effect of glutamine on the healing of lung injuries. Wistar albino female rats were randomized in three groups. One group (control, n = 7) received intraperitoneal injection of 0.9% sodium chloride (1.5 ml /day), while other group (GLN, n = 7) received glutamine (1.5 g/kg/day), beginning two days prior to the operation for total four days. After thoracotomy, a lung parenchymal lesion was made with a scalpel in the right upper lobe. Only thoracotomy was performed to sham group (n = 4). Air leakage was observed in the isolated lungs of control group, but not GLN and sham groups, at 5 cm H(2)O of positive airway pressure (p < 0.001). The threshold of positive airway pressure for air leakage was 4.85 +/- 0.37 and 19.42 +/- 4.54 cm H(2)O for control and GLN groups, respectively (p < 0.001). For measurement of collagen content in the healing parenchyma, digital images were processed to calculate the stained area percentage (SAP). SAP for immature collagen, a marker for wound healing, was 0.36 +/- 0.18% and 1.48 +/- 0.83% (p = 0.02) in control and GLN groups, respectively, but no significant difference was noted in SAP for mature collagen. The grade of inflammation was not significantly different between control and GLN groups. We conclude that glutamine enhances lung parenchymal healing by increasing immature collagen secretion.