Challenges, recent development, and opportunities of smart waste collection: A review.

Population growth and changing consumption patterns make waste management a significant global challenge. Studies evaluated that by 2050 almost 67 % of the Earth's population will live in megacities, which guides the requirement of smart assistance to answer the citizens' demands. Waste collection is an efficient IoT service that takes advantage of cost and energy efficiency. The fundamental end of this study is a review of utilizing IoT for waste collection to introduce technologies for waste collection in an eco-friendly method. This study investigated information and communication technologies (ICTs), including spatial, identification, acquisition, and data communication technologies. It also reviews several energy harvesting technologies for more cost reduction. The results showed that applying these technologies reduces costs and energy usage and can change the future of waste management.

Removal of tetracycline with aluminum boride carbide and boehmite particles decorated biochar derived from algae.

For the first time, using aluminum-boron electrodes in the electrocoagulation cell for harvesting the cultivated Chlorella microalgae and then performing a hydrothermal process of producing biofuel, mesoporous biochar was produced with an average pore diameter of 11.62 nm, a high specific surface area of 126.4 m2/g and a total pore volume of 0.55 cm3/g. Based on the chemical characterization, aluminum boride carbide (Al3B48C2) and boehmite [Al2(OOH)2] were identified in the biochar composition so that 7.17 wt% Al and 16.67 wt% B were measured on the biochar surface by EDS analysis. As the by-product of hydrothermal converting microalgae Chlorella into biofuel, the residual biochar was innovatively used to separate tetracycline from aqueous solutions. The nonlinear form of the Freundlich model fitted theadsorption equilibrium data well with the least error function value explained by the intraparticle diffusion model. The maximum adsorption capacity of 25.94 mg/g was obtained through endothermic physical adsorption.