Evidence of Nest Reactivation and Perennial Colonies in the Neotropical Bumble Bee Bombus brevivillus (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombini).

Bombus brevivillus Franklin is a Neotropical Bombus species whose colonies are disappearing from most of its native range, and little is known about its biology and reproductive habits to help conservation or breeding efforts. Unlike Bombus species from temperate climates whose colonies perish every winter, there are suggestions of perennial colonies that Neotropical Bombus species can present. In this work, we investigated the development of two B. brevivillus colonies (i.e., number of workers, gynes, males, new cocoons, and brood area) between August 2012 and March 2013. We realized that while one colony collapsed and died after the males' and gynes' production, and the reduction of numbers of adult workers, in the other, a new queen assumed the posture at this phase and reactivated the old nest. Despite the reduced number of colonies investigated, this study shows the possibility of nest reactivation in the studied species in queen supersedure events in resemblance to perennial colonies of eusocial bees like Apis species and stingless bees. Such behavior has never been directly described to B. brevivillus in previous studies and opens the possibility for further research in the existence and the extension of perennial colonies in Neotropical Bombus species due to its importance to the species conservation in the tropical environment.

Effect of the dietary linoleic/α-linolenic ratio (n6/n3) on histopathological alterations caused by suboptimal temperature in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Tilapias are produced worldwide, including subtropical areas. In turn, dietary fatty acids can enhance resistance under cold stress. The present study reports the nutritional effect on suboptimal temperature tolerance based on histopathological alterations in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish (initial weight: 34.02 ±â€¯0.79) were exposed to two different temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C) for 30 days. Under both conditions, fish were fed two different diets based on the linoleic/α-linolenic ratio (n6/n3 = 12.02 and n6/n3 = 3.85). The most important alterations in liver caused by temperature included high cellular hyperplasia in fish at 30 °C (P < 0.05). Suboptimal temperature also caused gills aneurysm, lamellar lifting and low hyperplasia (P < 0.05). Cytoplasmic vacuolization decreased and nuclear displacement increased in the fish fed n6/n3 = 3.85 (P < 0.05). Suboptimal temperature provided high gills aneurysm, epithelial lamellae lifting and low lamellar hyperplasia (P < 0.05). Conversely, the fatty acid content (n6/n3 = 3.85) in the diet provided low lamellar lifting and fusions (P < 0.05). Finally, tilapia showed an increased glycogen storage trend in gills and muscle at low temperature (P < 0.05). Our study suggests that when feeding tilapia a high dietary n3 content, this fish is able to respond to suboptimal temperature in subtropical aquaculture facilities.

Reflections and collective production about being a municipal health counselor.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the participation dynamics of a municipal council and to develop a critical-reflexive process on "being a counselor", identifying weaknesses and possibilities of this council, in addition to collectively generating new knowledge and (re)elaborating the MHC Ordinary Law. METHOD: Convergent care research, including documentary analysis, non-participant observation and thematic workshops. The research was carried out in 2016, with municipal health counselors from a city in the Western Region of Santa Catarina. RESULTS: this study made it possible to identify forms of social participation that should be strengthened in the performance of social power, to reflect and share individual experiences, to anchor them in the current legislation, and to build knowledge that enabled the elaboration/organization of a product - a new text for the Ordinary Law of the Council, adjusted to current legislation. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: There is a need to increase participation, considering the presence of the counselors in the meetings, the effective representation and a greater interaction in the discussions and deliberations of the council.

Reflections and collective production about being a municipal health counselor / Reflexiones y producción colectiva sobre "ser" consejero municipal de salud / Reflexões e produção coletiva sobre o "ser" conselheiro municipal de saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the participation dynamics of a municipal council and to develop a critical-reflexive process on "being a counselor", identifying weaknesses and possibilities of this council, in addition to collectively generating new knowledge and (re)elaborating the MHC Ordinary Law. Method: Convergent care research, including documentary analysis, non-participant observation and thematic workshops. The research was carried out in 2016, with municipal health counselors from a city in the Western Region of Santa Catarina. Results: this study made it possible to identify forms of social participation that should be strengthened in the performance of social power, to reflect and share individual experiences, to anchor them in the current legislation, and to build knowledge that enabled the elaboration/organization of a product - a new text for the Ordinary Law of the Council, adjusted to current legislation. Final considerations: There is a need to increase participation, considering the presence of the counselors in the meetings, the effective representation and a greater interaction in the discussions and deliberations of the council.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar la dinámica participativa de un consejo municipal de salud mediante el desarrollo de un proceso crítico-reflexivo sobre "ser consejero", señalando las fragilidades y posibilidades de este colegiado, además de generar, colectivamente, nuevos saberes y la (re)elaboración de la Ley Ordinaria del CMS. Método: se trata de una investigación convergente asistencial, incluyendo análisis documental, observación no participante y talleres temáticos. La investigación se llevó a cabo en 2016, con consejeros municipales de salud de un municipio de la Región Oeste de Santa Catarina. Resultados: este estudio permitió compartir y reflexionar acerca de experiencias individuales e identificó diversas formas de participación social que deberían fortalecerse en el ejercicio del control social al insertarlas en la legislación vigente con el intuito de construir conocimientos, lo que posibilitó la elaboración/organización de un producto - readecuación de la Ley Ordinaria del consejo a la legislación vigente. Consideraciones finales: se hace necesario ampliar la participación, considerando la presencia de los consejeros en las reuniones con una representación eficaz y una intervención más amplia en las discusiones y deliberaciones del consejo.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar a dinâmica participativa de um conselho municipal de saúde, com o desenvolvimento de processo crítico-reflexivo sobre o "ser conselheiro", apontando fragilidades e possibilidades desse colegiado, além de gerar coletivamente novos saberes e a (re)elaboração da Lei Ordinária do CMS. Método: Pesquisa convergente assistencial, incluindo análise documental, observação não participante e oficinas temáticas. A pesquisa foi em 2016, com conselheiros municipais de saúde de um município da Região Oeste de Santa Catarina. Resultados: Este estudo possibilitou identificar formas de participação social a serem fortalecidas no exercício do controle social, compartilhar e refletir sobre as experiências individuais, ancorá-las na legislação vigente e construir conhecimentos que oportunizaram a elaboração/organização de um produto - readequação da Lei Ordinária do conselho à legislação vigente. Considerações finais: Pontua-se a necessidade de ampliar a participação, considerando a presença dos conselheiros nas reuniões, a representação efetiva e a sua maior interação nas discussões e deliberações do conselho.