As principais complicações em cirurgias plásticas em pacientes pós-bariátrica: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura / The main complications in plastic surgery in post-bariatric patients: An integrative review of the literature

Introdução: As intervenções cirúrgicas pós-bariátricas vêm se tornando cada vez mais frequentes e englobam a abdominoplastia, a cirurgia plástica interna da coxa, a braquioplastia e a mastopexia. Porém, devido ao caráter disabsortivo e restritivo do paciente bariátrico, esse estudo tem como objetivo apresentar as complicações advindas de procedimentos estéticos realizados nestes pacientes, expondo os fatores de risco mais associados às sequelas e levantando opções para um melhor desfecho. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura, de caráter qualitativo, segundo a pergunta norteadora: "Quais as principais complicações em cirurgias plásticas realizadas em pacientes bariatricados?". A busca foi realizada nas plataformas Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) e PubMed. Os artigos incluídos no estudo foram analisados pelo método de conteúdo. Resultados: No total foram incluídos 6 artigos, nos quais observou-se que as principais complicações de cirurgias de contorno corporal, tais como a abdominoplastia e a braquioplastia, em pacientes bariatricados foram, principalmente, deiscência de feridas, seromas e hematomas, complicações, essas, relacionadas principalmente ao índice de massa corporal (IMC) do paciente, às suas comorbidades e ao tabagismo. Conclusão: Percebe-se, hoje, uma maior demanda pelas cirurgias plásticas reparadoras pósbariátrica, principalmente pela abdominoplastia. Consequentemente, houve, também, um aumento no número de complicações intraoperatórias, destacando-se o seroma e a deiscência de feridas. Para amenizá-las, a melhor solução é trabalhar no controle de fatores de risco pré-operatórios do paciente, tais como o IMC elevado e o tabagismo, além de comorbidades que levam à deficiência de cicatrização.

Introduction: Post-bariatric surgical interventions have become increasingly frequent, including abdominoplasty, inner thigh plastic surgery, brachioplasty, and mastopexy. However, due to bariatric patients' malabsorptive and restrictive nature, this study aims to present complications arising from aesthetic procedures performed on these patients, exposing the risk factors most associated with sequelae and raising options for a better outcome. Method: An integrative qualitative literature review was carried out according to the guiding question: "What are the main complications in plastic surgeries performed on bariatric patients?". The search was conducted on the Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS) and PubMed platforms. The articles included in the study were analyzed using the content method. Results: In total, 6 articles were included, in which it was observed that the main complications of body contouring surgeries, such as abdominoplasty and brachioplasty, in bariatric patients were mainly wound dehiscence, seromas and hematomas, complications, these, mainly related to the patient's body mass index (BMI), their comorbidities and smoking. Conclusion: Today, there is a greater demand for post-bariatric reconstructive plastic surgery, especially abdominoplasty. Consequently, there was also an increase in intraoperative complications, notably seroma and wound dehiscence. To alleviate them, the best solution is to work on controlling the patient's preoperative risk factors, such as high BMI and smoking, as well as comorbidities that lead to poor healing.

[Transgressions and concessions of care: resistance practices in long-term pediatric hospitalizations]. / Transgressões e concessões do cuidado: práticas de resistência nas internações pediátricas de longa duração.

Long-term hospitalizations of children and adolescents with complex chronic health conditions imply many restrictions to common childhood experiences. Many of them are born, grow up, and even die in the hospital without ever having known their homes. The care experience of this group was triggered by a narrative investigation. Workers from a public pediatric hospital dedicated to the care of complex clinical profiles were invited to tell stories that marked their memory. The evocation of the affective dimension of care pointed to the tensioning of the established normative limits. Hospital rules were made more flexible to benefit children and adolescents. These situations, which are called transgressions and concessions in this study, were analyzed to discuss important aspects of the micro-relationships and culture of care. Resistance mechanisms stand out in an effort to overcome or repair an environment often considered dehumanizing.

As internações de longa duração de crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas complexas de saúde implicam em inúmeras restrições às experiências comuns da infância. Muitos deles nascem, crescem e até morrem no hospital, sem nunca terem conhecido seus lares. A experiência de cuidado deste grupo foi acionada por meio de uma investigação narrativa. Convidamos trabalhadores de um hospital pediátrico público dedicado ao atendimento de perfil clínico complexo para que contassem histórias que marcaram sua memória. A evocação da dimensão afetiva do cuidado apontou para o tensionamento dos limites normativos instituídos. A flexibilização das regras do hospital era feita em nome de um benefício para a criança ou o adolescente. Analisamos estas situações, que aqui denominamos como transgressões e concessões, para discutir aspectos importantes das microrrelações e cultura nas cenas de cuidado. Sobressaem-se mecanismos de resistência, em um esforço para suplantar ou reparar um ambiente muitas vezes identificado como desumanizador.

Las hospitalizaciones de larga duración de niños y adolescentes con condiciones de salud crónicas complejas implican numerosas restricciones en las experiencias infantiles. Muchos nacen, crecen e incluso mueren en el hospital sin haber conocido sus hogares. La experiencia de cuidado de esta población fue tema de una investigación narrativa. Les pedimos a los trabajadores de un hospital pediátrico público, dedicado a la atención de perfil clínico complejo, que nos contaran historias que les habían marcado. La evocación de la dimensión afectiva del cuidado apuntó a la tensión de los límites normativos establecidos. La flexibilización de las normas del hospital se hizo en beneficio del niño o adolescente. Analizamos estas situaciones que llamamos transgresiones y concesiones para discutir los aspectos importantes de las microrrelaciones y la cultura en las escenas de cuidado. En estas, destacan los mecanismos de resistencia en un esfuerzo por superar o reparar un ambiente identificado muchas veces como deshumanizador.

Transgressões e concessões do cuidado: práticas de resistência nas internações pediátricas de longa duração / Transgressions and concessions of care: resistance practices in long-term pediatric hospitalizations / Transgresiones y concesiones de cuidado: prácticas de resistencia en hospitalizaciones pediátricas de larga duración

As internações de longa duração de crianças e adolescentes com condições crônicas complexas de saúde implicam em inúmeras restrições às experiências comuns da infância. Muitos deles nascem, crescem e até morrem no hospital, sem nunca terem conhecido seus lares. A experiência de cuidado deste grupo foi acionada por meio de uma investigação narrativa. Convidamos trabalhadores de um hospital pediátrico público dedicado ao atendimento de perfil clínico complexo para que contassem histórias que marcaram sua memória. A evocação da dimensão afetiva do cuidado apontou para o tensionamento dos limites normativos instituídos. A flexibilização das regras do hospital era feita em nome de um benefício para a criança ou o adolescente. Analisamos estas situações, que aqui denominamos como transgressões e concessões, para discutir aspectos importantes das microrrelações e cultura nas cenas de cuidado. Sobressaem-se mecanismos de resistência, em um esforço para suplantar ou reparar um ambiente muitas vezes identificado como desumanizador.

Long-term hospitalizations of children and adolescents with complex chronic health conditions imply many restrictions to common childhood experiences. Many of them are born, grow up, and even die in the hospital without ever having known their homes. The care experience of this group was triggered by a narrative investigation. Workers from a public pediatric hospital dedicated to the care of complex clinical profiles were invited to tell stories that marked their memory. The evocation of the affective dimension of care pointed to the tensioning of the established normative limits. Hospital rules were made more flexible to benefit children and adolescents. These situations, which are called transgressions and concessions in this study, were analyzed to discuss important aspects of the micro-relationships and culture of care. Resistance mechanisms stand out in an effort to overcome or repair an environment often considered dehumanizing.

Las hospitalizaciones de larga duración de niños y adolescentes con condiciones de salud crónicas complejas implican numerosas restricciones en las experiencias infantiles. Muchos nacen, crecen e incluso mueren en el hospital sin haber conocido sus hogares. La experiencia de cuidado de esta población fue tema de una investigación narrativa. Les pedimos a los trabajadores de un hospital pediátrico público, dedicado a la atención de perfil clínico complejo, que nos contaran historias que les habían marcado. La evocación de la dimensión afectiva del cuidado apuntó a la tensión de los límites normativos establecidos. La flexibilización de las normas del hospital se hizo en beneficio del niño o adolescente. Analizamos estas situaciones que llamamos transgresiones y concesiones para discutir los aspectos importantes de las microrrelaciones y la cultura en las escenas de cuidado. En estas, destacan los mecanismos de resistencia en un esfuerzo por superar o reparar un ambiente identificado muchas veces como deshumanizador.

Impairment of spatial working memory and oxidative stress induced by repeated crack cocaine inhalation in rats.

Crack cocaine is a highly toxic drug with great potential to induce addiction. It produces more intense effects than cocaine powder, with its use having grown worldwide. However, few studies have focused on the cognitive and biochemical consequences that result from crack cocaine inhalation. This study examined the effects of direct crack cocaine inhalation on spatial working memory and brain oxidative stress parameters in rats. Male adult Wistar rats, well-trained in an eight-arm radial maze (8-RM), underwent five sessions of crack cocaine inhalation (crack cocaine group) once a day or inhalation simulation (sham group), being tested in 1-h delayed tasks 24 h after the last inhalation. An additional inhalation session was carried out the following day, with the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and striatum being removed five minutes afterwards in order to assess oxidative damage such as lipid peroxidation, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) levels, and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), as well as the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Animals from the crack cocaine group showed more errors (p <  0.01) in the 1-h post-delay performance in the 8-RM when compared to the sham group. The crack cocaine group showed decreased (p <  0.05) lipid peroxidation in the hippocampus and increased (p <  0.001) levels of AOPP and SOD activity (p < 0.05) in the striatum when compared to the sham group. Therefore, the repeated inhalation of crack cocaine impaired long-term spatial working memory and elicited oxidative stress in the hippocampus and striatum of rats.

Biomass-mediated ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis: when self-assembly allows to cross the Si/Al lower limit.

A family of Al-rich ZSM-5 zeolites with Si/Al = 8 ± 0.5 was prepared according to a biomass-mediated supramolecular approach. A combination of advanced characterisation techniques and periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations unraveled the purity and stability of un-expected Al-enriched ZSM-5 structures, hence allowing to cross the frontier of Si/Al lower limit. In addition, these Al-rich ZSM-5 zeolites demonstrated high catalytic activity in n-hexane cracking and methanol conversion into hydrocarbons, being in line with the presence of numerous Brønsted acid sites.

Insect personality: what can we learn from metamorphosis?

Ontogeny of animal personality is still an open question. Testing whether personality traits correlated with state variables (e.g. metabolic rate, hormones) and/or life history traits, and which ones are involved, requires more empirical studies. Insects with metamorphosis represent a good opportunity to tackle this question. Because of the various degrees of internal (physiological, nervous) and environmental changes linked to metamorphosis they allow testing whether these modifications drive consistency in personality traits between immature and adult stages. In this review, we establish general predictions for the effects of metamorphosis on personality in insects with complete or incomplete metamorphosis and suffering from a strong or weak niche shift after metamorphosis. We then reviewed the still rare empirical literature and discuss future research axes.

Anhydroecgonine Methyl Ester (AEME), a Product of Cocaine Pyrolysis, Impairs Spatial Working Memory and Induces Striatal Oxidative Stress in Rats.

When burning crack cocaine, the pyrolysis of cocaine generates anhydroecgonine methyl ester (AEME). AEME has been shown to be highly neurotoxic but its effects on cognitive function and oxidative stress are still unknown. Thus, this study investigated the effects of AEME on spatial working memory and on parameters of oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum. First, 18 well-trained rats in 8-arm radial maze (8-RM) procedures received acute intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of AEME at doses of 10, 32, or 100 µg or saline (SAL) in a counterbalanced order and were tested 5 min later in 1-h delayed tasks in the 8-RM. Secondly, separated animals received acute icv administration of AEME at doses of 10 (n = 5), 32 (n = 5), or 100 µg (n = 5) or SAL (n = 5) for analysis of advanced oxidation protein products, thiobarbituric acid, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. A higher number of errors were seen in the 1-h post-delay performance after AEME 32 µg and AEME 100 µg when compared to SAL. In the striatum, animals receiving AEME 100 µg icv showed increased advanced oxidation protein products levels when compared to 10 µg, and also showed increased activity of glutathione peroxidase enzyme when compared to SAL but also comparing to AEME 32 µg and AEME 10 µg. These results showed that AEME impairs long-term spatial working memory and also induces greater protein oxidation and increased levels of antioxidant enzymes in the striatum.

Treadmill exercise induces neutrophil recruitment into muscle tissue in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. An intravital microscopy study.

Intense exercise is a physiological stress capable of inducing the interaction of neutrophils with muscle endothelial cells and their transmigration into tissue. Mechanisms driving this physiological inflammatory response are not known. Here, we investigate whether production of reactive oxygen species is relevant for neutrophil interaction with endothelial cells and recruitment into the quadriceps muscle in mice subjected to the treadmill fatiguing exercise protocol. Mice exercised until fatigue by running for 56.3±6.8 min on an electric treadmill. Skeletal muscle was evaluated by intravital microscopy at different time points after exercise, and then removed to assess local oxidative stress and histopathological analysis. We observed an increase in plasma lactate and creatine kinase (CK) concentrations after exercise. The numbers of monocytes, neutrophils, and lymphocytes in blood increased 12 and 24 hours after the exercise. Numbers of rolling and adherent leukocytes increased 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours post-exercise, as assessed by intravital microscopy. Using LysM-eGFP mice and confocal intravital microscopy technology, we show that the number of transmigrating neutrophils increased 12 hours post-exercise. Mutant gp91phox-/- (non-functional NADPH oxidase) mice and mice treated with apocynin showed diminished neutrophil recruitment. SOD treatment promoted further adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes 12 hours after the exercise. These findings confirm our hypothesis that treadmill exercise increases the recruitment of leukocytes to the postcapillary venules, and NADPH oxidase-induced ROS plays an important role in this process.

Gasoline from biomass through refinery-friendly carbohydrate-based bio-oil produced by ketalization.

The introduction of biomass-derived compounds as an alternative feed into the refinery structure that already exists can potentially converge energy uses with ecological sustainability. Herein, we present an approach to produce a bio-oil based on carbohydrate-derived isopropylidene ketals obtained by reaction with acetone under acidic conditions directly from second-generation biomass. The obtained bio-oil showed a greater chemical inertness and miscibility with gasoil than typical bio-oil from fast pyrolysis. Catalytic upgrading of the bio-oil over zeolites (USY and Beta) yielded gasoline with a high octane number. Moreover, the co-processing of gasoil and bio-oil improved the gasoline yield and quality compared to pure gasoil and also reduced the amount of oxygenated compounds and coke compared with pure bio-oil, which demonstrates a synergistic effect.

Oxidants, antioxidants, and the beneficial roles of exercise-induced production of reactive species.

This review offers an overview of the influence of reactive species produced during exercise and their effect on exercise adaptation. Reactive species and free radicals are unstable molecules that oxidize other molecules in order to become stable. Although they play important roles in our body, they can also lead to oxidative stress impairing diverse cellular functions. During exercise, reactive species can be produced mainly, but not exclusively, by the following mechanisms: electron leak at the mitochondrial electron transport chain, ischemia/reperfusion and activation of endothelial xanthine oxidase, inflammatory response, and autooxidation of catecholamines. Chronic exercise also leads to the upregulation of the body's antioxidant defence mechanism, which helps minimize the oxidative stress that may occur after an acute bout of exercise. Recent studies show a beneficial role of the reactive species, produced during a bout of exercise, that lead to important training adaptations: angiogenesis, mitochondria biogenesis, and muscle hypertrophy. The adaptations occur depending on the mechanic, and consequently biochemical, stimulus within the muscle. This is a new area of study that promises important findings in the sphere of molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the relationship between oxidative stress and exercise.

Evaluation of hydration status following soccer matches of different categories / Avaliação de parâmetros de hidratação após jogos de futebol de diferentes categorias

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hydration status and thermoregulatory responses, during official soccer matches, of soccer players in different categories. The participants of the under-15 (U-15, n=36) and of the under-17 category (U-17, n=14) were placed into different groups according to the amount of time spent in the field: Main group; Partial group; Intermediate group; Control group. The thermoregulatory responses and hydration status were measured. The Main group and the Partial group presented significantly higher water intake, weight loss and sweat rate compared with the Intermediate and Control group (p< 0.05). The under-17 players of the Main group had a larger weight difference pre and post match compared with the under-15 players of the same group (p< 0.05). It was concluded that an official soccer match altered significantly the hydration status of the players, and it was related with the time spent in the match.

Objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o padrão de hidratação e respostas termorregulatórias de jogadores de futebol de diferentes categorias ao longo de um jogo oficial. Participaram desse estudo jogadores de futebol das categorias sub-15 (N 36) e sub-17 anos (N 14). Os jogadores foram divididos em grupos de acordo com o tempo de atuação em nos jogos: grupo principal, o grupo parcial, grupo intermediário grupo controle. As respostas termorregulatórias decorrentes dos jogos e o estatus de hidratação foram determinados e comparados entre os grupos apresentados. Os grupos principal e parcial apresentaram maiores valores de consumo de água, perda de peso e taxa de sudorese em comparação aos grupos intermediário e controle (p< 0,05). A diferença de peso pré e pós-jogo entre as categorias foi maior nos atletas da categoria sub17 em comparação com os atletas sub 15 no mesmo grupo (p< 0,05). Conclui-se que um jogo de futebol foi capaz de alterar de forma significativa os parâmetros de hidratação dos jogadores de futebol tendo relação direta com o tempo de atuação em campo.

Impact of heat and pollution on oxidative stress and CC16 secretion after 8 km run.

To investigate the acute effect of a hot, humid and ozone-polluted (O(3)) environment on lung inflammation and oxidative tress of runners performing 8 km time trial run. Using a single-blinded randomized design, 10 male athletes (mean[Formula: see text]= 64.4 mlO(2) kg(-1) min(-1), SD = 4.4) took part in a time trial run in four different environmental conditions: 20°C + 50% relative humidity (rh) (Control); 20°C + 50% rh + 0.10 ppm O(3) (Control + O(3)); 31°C + 70% rh (Heat); 31°C + 70% rh + 0.10 ppm O(3) (Heat + O(3)). Blood samples and nasal lavage were collected post-exercise and analyzed for inflammatory, epithelial damage and oxidative stress markers. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test. A significant increase in CC16 concentration (P < 0.05) and GSH/protein concentration (P < 0.05) in the upper respiratory airways was observed following the 8 km run in the Heat + O(3) trial compared with the control trial. There were no differences in the neutrophil counts between trials. No differences were observed for the other antioxidants analyzed. A hot, humid and ozone-polluted environment (0.1 ppm) elicits an early epithelial damage and antioxidant protection process in the upper respiratory airways of athletes immediately after performing 8 km time trial run.

Investigating performance and lung function in a hot, humid and ozone-polluted environment.

Large urbanized areas, where sports events take place, have a polluted environment and can also reach high temperatures and humidity levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a hot, humid and ozone-polluted (O(3)) environment on (1) performance of an 8 km time trial run, (2) pulmonary function, and (3) subjective respiratory symptoms in endurance-trained runners. Using crossover randomized design, 10 male participants (mean V(O)2(max)= 64.4 mlO(2) kg(-1) min(-1), SD = 4.4) took part in a time trial run under four different conditions: 20 degrees C + 50% relative humidity (rh) (Control), 20 degrees C + 50% rh + 0.10 ppm O(3) (Control + O(3)), 31 degrees C + 70% rh (Heat), 31 degrees C + 70% rh + 0.10 ppm O(3) (Heat + O(3)). Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion and minute ventilation were collected during the run. Lung function was measured pre and post-exercise. The runners completed a respiratory symptoms questionnaire after each trial. The completion time of both the Heat (32 min 35 s) and Heat + O(3) (33 min 09 s) trials were significantly higher (P < 0.0001) when compared to the Control + O(3) (30 min 27 s) and Control (30 min 15 s) trials. There were no significant changes between pre/post lung function measures or between trials. The effective dose of ozone simulated in the present study did not affect the performance and therefore, ozone-pollution, at an environmentally relevant concentration, did not compound the impairment in performance beyond that induced by a hot, humid environment.

Aspergilose do sistema nervoso central após transplante hepático. Relato de caso / Cerebral aspergillosis in a liver transplanted patient. Case report

Introdução: O acometimento do sistema nervoso central pelo Aspergillus é muito grave e com alto índice de mortalidade. Relato de caso: Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente transplantada hepática em uso de imunossupressores que evoluiu com piora clínica. Tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética revelaram múltiplas lesões cerebrais. Em decorrência de má condição clínica da paciente, optou-se pelo tratamento conservador e em três dias ela evoluiu para óbito. Estudo anatomopatológico constatou quadro compatível com aspergilose. Discussão: Em pacientes imunossuprimidos, a suspeita precoce da infecção central fúngica é essencial para tentar evitar uma evolução catastrófica como no caso relatado.

Effects of exercise intensity on salivary antimicrobial proteins and markers of stress in active men.

In the present study, we assessed the effects of exercise intensity on salivary immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) and salivary lysozyme (s-Lys) and examined how these responses were associated with salivary markers of adrenal activation. Using a randomized design, 10 healthy active men participated in three experimental cycling trials: 50% maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), 75%VO2max, and an incremental test to exhaustion. The durations of the trials were the same as for a preliminary incremental test to exhaustion (22.3 min, sx = 0.8). Timed, unstimulated saliva samples were collected before exercise, immediately after exercise, and 1 h after exercise. In the incremental exhaustion trial, the secretion rates of both s-IgA and s-Lys were increased. An increase in s-Lys secretion rate was also observed at 75%VO2max. No significant changes in saliva flow rate were observed in any trial. Cycling at 75%VOmax and to exhaustion increased the secretion of alpha-amylase and chromogranin A immediately after exercise; higher cortisol values at 75%VO2max and in the incremental exhaustion trial compared with 50%VO2max were observed 1 h immediately after exercise only. These findings suggest that short-duration, high-intensity exercise increases the secretion rate of s-IgA and s-Lys despite no change in the saliva flow rate. These effects appear to be associated with changes in sympathetic activity and not the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal axis.

Nephrotoxicity of Bence-Jones Proteins: correlation with endocytosis by BHK cells and intracellular movement

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a endocitose de duas proteínas de Bence Jones por células renais, com a finalidade de elucidar a interferência de características físico-químicas na nefrotoxicidade. As proteínas de Bence Jones (denominadas AK e GL) forma purificadas e isoladas da urina de dois pacientes com mieloma múltiplo. Isótopos de ambas as proteínas foram caracterizados como sendo cadeias leves lambda monoclonais humanas. AK, apresentou principalmente pI>7,0, alto conteúdo de galactose e baixo teor de moléculas de ácido siálico. Por outro lado, GL apresentou uma única banda com pI 4,3, maior teor de ácido siálico e baixo teor de galactose, em comparaçäo co AK. Células renais de hamster, BHK(Baby Hamster Kidney) foram mantidas em cultura à temperatura de 37§C, utilizando meio de cultura DMEM suplementado com 10 por cento de sooro fetal bovino, em pH 7,4. Quando confluentes, as células BHK foram incubadas com as duas proteínas dissolvidas em meio isento de soro, durante 1, 5, 15, 30, 60 minutos e 24 horas. Foi omitida a incubaçäo com proteínas de Bence Jones em células usadas como controle. Com o término da incubaçäo, as células foram lavadas, tripsinizadas, centrifugadas e fixadas em soluçäo de paraformaldeído 4, 0 por cento e glutaraldeído 0,5 por cento em tampäp fosfato 0,1M pH 7,4. A seguir, os pellets obtidos foram processados para microscopia e incluídos em LRWhite. Cortes semi-finos foram colhidos e submetidos a reaçöes imunocitoqumícas, utilizando proteína acoplada a ouro coloidal e intensificaçäo pela prata. A detecçäo da amrcaçäo foi avaliada em microscopia de luz. Os resultados mostraram q1ue a proteóna GL tendeu a ser direcionada para localizaçäo pewri-nuclear. Por outro lado, AK demonstrou um comportamento diferente. Os dados indicaram que houve uma contribuiçäo direta das características físico-químicas das proteínas no direcionamento intracelular

Assessment of the plan for pre-exposition vaccination with Fuenzalida-Palacios anti-rabies vaccine

Na raiva a mensuraçäo da resposta imune específica é realizada através da prova de soro neutralizaçäo em camundongos. É inquestionável que os anticorpos neutralizantes säo os responsáveis pela proteçäo dos indivíduos contra infecçäo rábica. Por outro lado, de acordo com a Organizaçäo Mundial de Saúde, somente os portadores de anticorpos neutralizantes com título igual ou superior a 0,5 UI estäo satisfatoriamente protegidos. Este estudo mostra a monitorizaçäo de anticorpos anti-rábicos de indivíduos expostos ao risco de infecçäo rábica, realizada pelo Departamento Médico do Instituto de Tecnologia do Paraná. 57 indivíduos com idade entre 20 e 40 anos, foram vacinados com vacina tipo Fuenzalida-Palacios com título mínimo de 1,3 UI. O esquema vacinal consou na aplicaçäo de três doses da vacina com intervalos de dois dias e um reforço vacinal 28 dias após a última dose. A monitorizaçäo dos títulos de anticorpos foi realizada através do teste do soro neutralizaçäo durante um período de 18 meses. Esta mostrou a necessidade da aplicaçäo de um reforço vacinal em parte do grupo. Parte destes indivíduos foram revacinados com vacina tipo Fuenzalida-Palacios com título mínimo de 1,3 UI e parte com vacina de cultivo celular com título mínimo de 2,5 UI. Todos os indivíduos responderam com título maior que 0,5 UI, mantendo estes níveis até o final do período de observaçäo, demonstrando a pronta resposta anamnéstica de ambos os imunógenos