Macrophages in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A bibliometric analysis.

INTRODUCTION: The tumor microenvironment in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is densely infiltrated by macrophages. Utilizing bibliometric analysis, the characteristics, hotspots for research, and research frontiers related to macrophages in HNSCC were reviewed. METHODS: The Web of Science Core Collection database was queried for relevant articles published from 2000 to 2022. VOSviewer and CiteSpace software were utilized to evaluate and visualize macrophage-related HNSCC research trends and hotspots. RESULTS: Assessment of original articles revealed that the annual number of publications regarding the role of macrophages in HNSCC has increased steadily over the past 23 years. China produced the most articles, whereas the United States had the highest number of citations and highest H-index. Wuhan University and Oral Oncology were the most productive affiliation and journal, respectively. The paper published by Bray et al in the CA-A Cancer Journal for Clinicians in 2018 had the greatest number of citations. The keywords "expression," "cancer," and "tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs)" occurred most frequently. CONCLUSIONS: This bibliometric investigation discovered that publications about macrophages in HNSCC are steadily increasing. The majority of studies focused on macrophage polarization, macrophage markers, and inflammation in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, our bibliometric analysis revealed that the immunosuppressive role of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment and resistance to therapy in HNSCC have recently received attention.

[Effects of pingyangmycin on mucous membrane of respiratory tract and its prevention].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of pingyangmycin(PYM) on the histomorphology and ultrastructure of airway mucosa from the healthy Wistar rats and explore the intervenient role of Vitamin E and Composite Salvia Miltiorrhiza (CSM) on these effects. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were divided randomly into four groups: Group A as control group (injection of N. S into peritoneal cavity); Group B received intracavitary injection of PYM; Group C received both intracavitary injection of PYM and tube feeding of Vitamin E; Group D received intracavitary injection of PYM and CSM. The nasal and tracheal mucosa were taken for light microscopy(LM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) at the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 6th week of the experiment. RESULTS: Edema and degeneration of epithelial cells manifested as expansion of endoplasmic reticula, swelling of mitochondria, disarrangement of mitochondrial crista, vesicula formation of mitochondria, reduction of mitochondria in part cells, mild expansion of perinuclear space and slight peripheral accumulation of nuclear chromatin could be seen in Group B at the end of the 1st week without necrosis or detachment of the cells. At the 2nd week, there were necrosis and exfoliation of epithelial cells, rupture of cell membrane, phenomena of outflow of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticula. The degree of cell damage became more seriously at the 4th week and was not recovered to normal condition even 2 weeks after stopping administration of PYM. The cell damages in Group C and D were significantly lighter than that in Group B and its occurrence were significantly postponed. The injured cells recovered definitely after stopping PYM administration and continuous application of Vitamin and CSM for another 2 weeks. CONCLUSIONS: (1) The nasal and tracheal mucosa of Wistar rats can be damaged by injection of PYM and the degree of damage which become more serious with the increase of dose. (2) Vitamin E and CSM can alleviate the damages of the respiratory mucosa from Wistar rats caused by PYM. Both drugs could be used to prevent respiratory tract mucosa from the damages induced by PYM in clinical.