Morbilidad en lactantes con destete precoz

RESUMEN Introducción: La leche materna es el producto fisiológico fundamental para promover la salud nutricional del niño y su interrupción precoz es un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de enfermedades. Objetivo: Caracterizar la morbilidad en lactantes con destete precoz. Metódos: Estudio observacional, correlacional, de corte transversal realizado en 720 lactantes entre 29 días y 6 meses de edad, ingresados en el Hospital Pediátrico Docente de San Miguel del Padrón entre enero y diciembre del año 2014, que constituyeron el universo y muestra del estudio. Se analizaron variables como edad y tipo de destete, ingresos anteriores y causas de ingresos. La recolección de información se realizó a través de las historias clínicas y un cuestionario aplicado a las madres. Resultados: Solo el 27,7 % estaba con lactancia materna exclusiva, el resto fueron destetados en cualquier edad, incluso antes del mes de nacido. Al aumentar la edad del destete, disminuyeron la cantidad de ingresos y la morbilidad. Los destetados presentaron mayor frecuencia de infecciones respiratorias y digestivas. Conclusiones: En los lactantes estudiados, mientras más temprano ocurre el destete, mayor es el riesgo de morbilidad y de necesidad de ingresos en servicios hospitalarios, por tanto, menor protección para la salud del pequeño.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Breast milk is the fundamental physiological product to promote the nutritional health of the child and its early interruption is a risk factor for the development of diseases. Objective: Characterize morbidity in infants with early weaning. Methods: Observational, correlational, cross-sectional study conducted in 720 infants between 29 days and 6 months of age, admitted to the Pediatric Teaching Hospital of San Miguel del Padrón from January to December 2014, whom represented the universe and the sample of the study. Variables such as age and type of weaning, previous hospitalizations and their causes were analyzed. The collection of information was carried out through medical records and a questionnaire applied to the mothers. Results: Only 27.7% of the children were exclusively breastfed, the rest were weaned at any age, even before one month of birth. As the age of weaning increased, the amount of hospitalizations and morbidity decreased. Those weaned had a higher frequency of respiratory and digestive infections. Conclusions: In the infants studied, the earlier the weaning occurs, the greater the risk of morbidity and the need for admission to hospital services was; therefore, it represented less protection for the child's health.

Rational design protocols for size-based particle sorting microdevices using symmetry-induced cyclical dynamics.

In this paper, we describe the unification and extension of multiple kinematic theories on the advection of colloidal particles through periodic obstacle lattices of arbitrary geometry and infinitesimally small obstacle size. We focus specifically on the particle displacement lateral to the flow direction (termed "deterministic lateral displacement") and the particle-obstacle interaction frequency, and develop methods for describing these as a function of particle size and lattice parameters for arbitrary lattice geometries. We then demonstrate design algorithms for microfluidic devices consisting of chained obstacle lattices of this type that approximate any lateral displacement function of size to arbitrary accuracy with respect to multiple optimization metrics, prove their validity mathematically, and compare the generated results favorably to designs in the literature with respect to metrics such as accuracy, device size, and complexity.

Scalable Synthesis of Switchable Assemblies of Gold Nanorod Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Nanocomposites.

A new class of solvent free, lyotropic liquid crystal nanocomposites based on gold nanorods (AuNRs) with high nanorod content is reported. Application of shear results in switchable, highly ordered alignment of the nanorods over several centimeters with excellent storage stability for months. For the synthesis, AuNRs are surface functionalized with a charged, covalently tethered corona, which induces fluid-like properties. This honey-like material can be deposited on a substrate and a high orientational order parameter of 0.72 is achieved using a simple shearing protocol. Switching shearing direction results in realignment of the AuNRs. For a film containing 75 wt% of AuNRs the alignment persists for several months. In addition to the lyotropic liquid crystal characteristics, the AuNRs films also exhibit anisotropic electrical conductivity with an order of magnitude difference between the conductivities in direction parallel and perpendicular to the alignment of the AuNRs.

Tratamiento laparoscópico de hernia incisional con malla biocompatible de ptfe intraperitoneal / Laparoscopic treatment of incisional hernia with ptfe biological mesh

Una hernia Incisional (HI) puede definirse como cualquier defecto de la pared abdominal, con o sin aumento de volumen, en el área de una cicatriz postoperatoria, perceptible o palpable por el examen clínico o imagenológico(1). La hernioplastía intraperitoneal laparoscópica constituye una opción segura para el tratamiento de hernias incisionales de la pared abdominal, asociada a una baja tasa de recurrencia que alcanza a 6,25% a largo plazo(1). Se presenta un caso de Hernioplastia laparoscópica con colocación de malla de PTFE intraperitoneal, como una alternativa válida para la reparación de hernias incisionales.

An incisional hernia can be defined a s a ny d efect o f t he abdominal wall, with or without an increase in volume, in the area of a postoperative scar, perceptible or palpable by clinical or imaging examination. The l aparoscopic i ntraperitoneal h ernioplasty is a safe option for the treatment of incisional hernias of the abdominal wall, associated with a low recurrence rate that reaches 6.25% in the long term. In this time, a case of laparoscopic hernioplasty with placement of a intraperitoneal PTFE mesh is presented as a valid alternative for the repair of incisional hernias.

115 años de la biblioteca del Hospital de Niños: trayectoria de la biblioteca Dr. Laureano Rivas Miguez 1902-2017 / 115 years Children's Hospital Library: Trajectory of the Dr. Laureano Rivas Miguez Library 1902-2017

La Biblioteca Dr. Laureano Rivas Miguez desde sus inicios en 1.902 ha acompañado a los profesionales de la salud del Hospital de Niños en la tarea de un constante perfeccionamiento. Cabe destacar la colaboración con la Revista del Hospital a través de su historia. En la búsqueda de esta historia hemos recopilado los nombres de aquellos que se han ocupado de mantener viva la obra de Laureano.

The MD. Laureano Rivas Miguez Library since its inception in 1902 has accompanied the health professionals of the Children's Hospital in the task of constant improvement. Noteworthy is the collaboration with the hospital magazine through its history. In the search of our history we have compiled the names of those who have been busy keeping Laureano's work alive.

Dating, marriage, and parenthood for HIV-positive heterosexual Puerto Rican men: normalizing perspectives on everyday life with HIV.

HIV-positive men are living long and healthier lives while managing HIV as a chronic illness. Although research has extensively documented the experiences of illness of people living with HIV, dating, marriage, and fatherhood among heterosexual Latino men has not been examined. To address this gap, this study used a qualitative study design to examine patterns and strategies for dating, marriage, and parenthood among 24 HIV-positive heterosexual Puerto Rican men living in Boston. The findings in our study indicate that an HIV diagnosis does not necessarily deter men from having an active sexual life, marrying, or having children. In fact, for some of the men, engaging in these social and life-changing events is part of moving on and normalizing life with HIV; these men planned for, achieved, and interpreted these events in the context of establishing normalcy with HIV. Although the HIV diagnosis discouraged some men from engaging in sexual relations, getting married, or having children, others fulfilled these desires with strategies aimed to reconciling their HIV status in their personal life, including dating or marrying HIV-positive women only. Additional important themes identified in this study include the decision to disclose HIV status to new sexual partners as well as the decision to accept the risk of HIV transmission to a child or partner in order to fulfill desires of fatherhood. Understanding the personal struggles, decision-making patterns, and needs of HIV-positive heterosexual men can aid in designing interventions that support healthy living with HIV.

Cancer del cuello uterino: tratamiento radiante y complicaciones / Cervix uteri cancer: radiation therapy and coomplications

Se estudiaron 114 pacientes con cancer de cuello uterino entre 1988 y 1991, los cuales fueron tratados en el servicio de Oncologia del Hospital Provincial Docente Clinicoquirurgico de Santa Clara mediante tratamiento radiante con cobalto-60 en forma de teleterapia y braquiterapia. El grupo mas afectado se encontro entre los 50-59 anos, la variedad histica mas frecuente correspondio al carcinoma epidermoide, y la etapa clinica mas comun fue la II. En la mayoria de los casos se aplicaron dosis de 2001 a 3000 cGy con teleterapia externa en los puntos A y B, previo a la braquiterapia; despues se completo los puntos B con teleterapia. La mayoria de los pacientes recibieron 80 Gy en el punto A y mas de 60 en el B. Las complicaciones inmediatas mas frecuentes fueron la proctitis y la enterocolitis, y entre las tardias, las fistulas y la estenosis vaginal

Cancer anorectal: tratamiento radiante operatorio / Anorectal cancer: pre-operative radiotherapy

Se estudiaron 20 pacientes con cancer de recto y ano, tratados en el servicio de Oncologia entre 1989-1991 mediante la braquiterapia intraluminal preoperatoria, para investigar la eficacia de este procedimiento. Los tumores que se encontraban entre 0-7 cm de las margenes del ano tuvieron una radiorrespuesta mas favorable que los localizados entre 8-15 cm. La respuesta al tratamiento fue buena en las lesiones que producen estenosis parcial o moderada, y mala en las estenosis total. El 80 porciento de los adenocarcinomas tuvo mejoria, y el carcinoma epidermoide y el basaloide presentaron remision completa. La mayoria de los tumores se encontraba en el estadio I (Dukes A) y II (Dukes B) al finalizar el tratamiento, por lo que se demostro la eficacia del mismo como metodo preoperatorio

Rotura de aneurisma intracraneal durante la angiografía cerebral: reporte de un caso / Rupture of intracranial aneurysm during cerebral angiography: report of a case

Se presenta el caso de una paciente con hemorragia subaracnoidea atendida en el Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirurgía, en la que el saco aneurismático se rompió durante la angiografía y falleció a las pocas horas. Se hace una breve revisión de la literatura y de los casos presentados en Cuba hasta 1982. Se afirma que el fallecimiento se debió a un hecho casual más que determinante. Se resalta la importancia del estudio angiográfico cerebral en la enfermedad aneurismática