Cannabis arteritis presenting with Raynaud's and digital ulcerations: a case-based review of a controversial thromboangiitis obliterans-like condition.

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO), or Buerger's disease, is a non-atherosclerotic inflammatory disease of the small and medium-sized arteries, veins, and nerves of the legs and arms, strongly associated with the use of tobacco products in young adults. Cannabis arteritis (CA), an entity with similar clinical and pathological features, has been described in marijuana users as a subtype of TAO. Distinction between TAO and CA is challenging, given that most patients use tobacco and marijuana products concomitantly. Herein, we report the case of a male in his late forties who was referred to rheumatology with a 2-month history of hand swelling and bilateral painful digital ulcers with blue discoloration on his fingers and toes. The patient reported daily use of marijuana in blunt wraps and denied tobacco use. His laboratory work-up was negative for scleroderma and other connective tissue diseases. His angiogram confirmed the diagnosis of thromboangiitis obliterans, which was attributed to cannabis arteritis. The patient was started on aspirin and nifedipine daily and discontinued marijuana use. His symptoms resolved within 6 months and have not recurred for more than a year with continued avoidance of marijuana. Our case is one of the few that features primarily marijuana-driven CA and highlights the importance of not only considering marijuana use but also blunt wrap use in patients presenting with Raynaud's phenomenon and ulcerations as cannabis use rises globally.

Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors Using Pure Water at SNO.

The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240 km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5σ.

Transposición del ligamento coracoacromial en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la luxación acromioclavicular aguda / Transposition of the coracoacromial ligament in the surgical treatment of acute acromioclavicular dislocation

Introducción: la luxación de la articulación acromioclavicular es frecuente en la práctica ortopédica diaria, estimándose su incidencia en aproximadamente el 10 por ciento de todas las luxaciones alrededor del hombro. Existen numerosas técnicas quirúrgicas descritas para su tratamiento con resultados variables. Objetivo: describir la evolución clínica del dolor, la movilidad del hombro y la reincorporación de los pacientes a sus actividades habituales, con el uso de la técnica de transposición del ligamento acromioclavicular. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de descriptivo de 22 pacientes con diagnóstico de luxación acromioclavicular aguda tratados quirúrgicamente mediante la técnica mencionada; se tuvo en cuenta la evolución clínica del dolor, la movilidad del hombro y la reincorporación de los pacientes a sus actividades después de la cirugía, y para ello se empleó el test funcional de Imatani. Resultados: la transposición del ligamento coracoacromial resultó ser una técnica útil y relativamente sencilla para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la luxación acromioclavicular aguda, con muy buenos resultados inmediatos, se logró considerable disminución o alivio total del dolor y recuperación completa o casi completa del rango de movilidad de la articulación del hombro, que le permite al paciente una vez rehabilitado, reincorporarse a sus actividades habituales. Conclusiones: la transposición del ligamento coracoacromial resultó útil en el tratamiento quirúrgico de la luxación acromioclavicular aguda, en cuanto al alivio del dolor, la movilidad y reincorporación a las actividades habituales(AU)

Introduction: Dislocation of the acromioclavicular joint is frequent in daily orthopedic practice, with an estimated incidence of approximately 10 percent of all dislocations around the shoulder. There are numerous surgical techniques described for its treatment with variable results. Objective: to describe the clinical evolution of pain, shoulder mobility and reincorporation of patients to their usual activities, using the technique of transposition of the acromioclavicular ligament. Methods: A descriptive study of 22 patients diagnosed with acute acromioclavicular dislocation treated surgically using the aforementioned technique was performed; the clinical evolution of pain, shoulder mobility and the reincorporation of patients to their activities after surgery were taken into account, and the functional test of Imatani was used. Results: Coracoacromial ligament transposition proved to be a useful and relatively simple technique for the surgical treatment of acute acromioclavicular dislocation, with very good immediate results, considerable reduction or total pain relief was achieved and full or near complete recovery of the range of mobility of the shoulder joint, which allows the patient once rehabilitated, to rejoin his usual activities. Conclusions: The transposition of the coracoacromial ligament was useful in the surgical treatment of acute acromioclavicular dislocation aboutpain evolution, shoulder mobility and reincorporation of patients to their usual activities(AU)

Seasonal variation and natural infection of Lutzomyia antunesi (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae), an endemic species in the Orinoquia region of Colombia.

Lutzomyia antunesi has been commonly reported in outbreaks of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the Orinoquia region of Colombia. The bionomics of this species were studied in the municipality of Villavicencio (Meta, Colombia). Sandflies were captured over the course of one week per month for one year in intradomiciliary, peridomiciliary and extradomiciliary housing areas. The captures were performed from 06:00 pm-06:00 am using CDC light traps and the females were processed for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect Leishmania spp. A total of 22,097 specimens and 19 species were captured of which Lu. antunesi (89%) and Lutzomyia walkeri (5%) were the most abundant. Other species recognised as anthropophilic (Lutzomyia panamensis, Lutzomyia gomezi, Lutzomyia flaviscutellata and Lutzomyia fairtigi) were present in very low abundance (< 2%). Natural infection with Leishmania spp was detected using PCR in Lu. antunesi, Lu. panamensis and Lu. flavicutellata, showing infection rates of 1%, 4.8% and 7.5%, respectively. The present paper provides information on various ecological aspects of Lu. antunesi. An analysis of seasonality shows that this species increases in abundance in the hottest months (December, January and February), directly correlating with the maximum temperature and inversely correlating with precipitation. The natural infection rate is associated with the peaks of highest abundance.

Lutzomyia antunesi, probable vector de leishmaniasis cutánea en el área rural de Villavicencio / Lutzomyia antunesi as suspected vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Orinoquian region of Colombia

Objetivo Definir los posibles vectores de leishmaniasis, teniendo en cuenta su abundancia e infección natural con Leishmania spp. en un área endémica de la zona rural de Villavicencio, Meta. Materiales y Métodos En la vereda La Reforma, donde se presentaron casos de leishmaniasis cutánea en caninos y humanos, se recolectaron con trampas CDC los flebótomos en el intra, peri y extradomicilio de 15 viviendas. Grupos de 1 a 3 hembras de la misma especie fueron procesados por PCR para la detección de parásitos de Leishmania spp. Resultados Se capturaron 1 304 flebótomos distribuidos en 9 especies de las cuales L. antunesi (75,6 por ciento) y L. walkeri (19,2 por ciento) fueron las más abundantes. Otras especies reconocidas como antropofílicas (L. panamensis y L. gomezi), se presentaron con abundancias muy bajas (< 2,4). La PCR detectó infección con Leishmania spp. en dos grupos de L. antunesi (total= 123 hembras procesadas). Conclusiones L. antunesi por su abundancia e infección natural con Leishmania spp. podría estar involucrada en la transmisión de la leishmaniasis cutánea en un área rural al suroeste del municipio de Villavicencio.

Objective Identifying probable cutaneous leishmaniasis vectors in a rural area a few kilometres from the city of Villavicencio, taking the relative abundance of sand-flies and their natural infection with Leishmania spphaving into account. Materials and Methods A CDC trap was used for sampling sand-flies in and around 15 dwellings. Pools of three females from the most abundant Lutzomyia species were used for identifying Leishmania spp. by PCR, with OL1 and OL2 primers. Results 1 304 sand-flies from nine species were captured, of which L. antunesi (75,6 percent) and L. walkeri (19,2 percent) were the most abundant. These was a low abundance of L. panamensis and L. gomezi anthropophilic species (<2,4 percent). PCR detected Leishmania spp. infection in two L. antunesi groups (total=123 processed females). Conclusions Due to the fact that L. antunesi was the most abundant species and was found to have Leishmania infection, it may be considered to be the main suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis vector in the rural area being studied. It is recommended that detailed studies of this species’ biology (including biting and resting behaviour) should be carried out, aimed at furthering vector control measures.

Angiomatosis difusa del bazo como causa de esplenomegalia / Diffuse splenic angiomatosis as a cause of splenomegaly

La angiomatosis difusa del bazo constituye una causa de esplenomegalia no tenida en cuenta habitualmente en el diagnóstico diferencial de este problema clínico. Se ha relacionado con infecciones por diversos microorganismos del tipo Bordetella. Se presenta un paciente del sexo masculino con dolor en hipocondrio izquierdo de 2 meses de evolución y esplenomegalia aislada. Tras la esplenectomía se precisa el diagnóstico de angiomatosis difusa del bazo. No se pudo relacionar esta con infección por Bordetella. Se concluye que este diagnóstico debe tenerse en cuenta ante cualquier paciente con esplenomegalia aislada.

Diffuse splenic angiomatosis is a cause of splenomegaly that is not usually considered in the differential diagnosis of this clinical problem. It has been related to infections caused by different Bordetella microorganisms. A male patient with pain on the left hypochondrium of 2 months of evolution and isolated splenomegaly was presented. After splenectomy, the diagnosis of diffuse splenic angiomatosis was confirmed. It could not be connected with Bortedella infection. It was concluded that this diagnosis should be taken into account in any patient with isolated splenomegaly.

[Lutzomyia antunesi as suspected vector of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Orinoquian region of Colombia]. / Lutzomyia antunesi, probable vector de leishmaniasis cutánea en el area rural de villavicencio.

OBJECTIVE: Identifying probable cutaneous leishmaniasis vectors in a rural area a few kilometres from the city of Villavicencio, taking the relative abundance of sand-flies and their natural infection with Leishmania spphaving into account. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A CDC trap was used for sampling sand-flies in and around 15 dwellings. Pools of three females from the most abundant Lutzomyia species were used for identifying Leishmania spp. by PCR, with OL1 and OL2 primers. RESULTS: 1 304 sand-flies from nine species were captured, of which L. antunesi (75,6 %) and L. walkeri (19,2 %) were the most abundant. These was a low abundance of L. panamensis and L. gomezi anthropophilic species (<2,4 %). PCR detected Leishmania spp. infection in two L. antunesi groups (total=123 processed females). CONCLUSIONS: Due to the fact that L. antunesi was the most abundant species and was found to have Leishmania infection, it may be considered to be the main suspected cutaneous leishmaniasis vector in the rural area being studied. It is recommended that detailed studies of this species' biology (including biting and resting behaviour) should be carried out, aimed at furthering vector control measures.

Evaluación cefalométrica de la mandíbula y del hueso hioides en sujetos roncadores / Cephalometric evaluation in snoring subjects´mandible and hyoid bone

Se realizó un estudio cefalométrico en 62 pacientes, 40 roncadores y 22 no roncadores, para determinar si existían diferencias cefalométricas entre ambos grupos en relación con las dimensiones y posiciones de la mandíbula y del hueso hioides. A cada paciente se le realizó una radiografía lateral izquierda de cráneo, a 150 cm de distancia y al final de la inspiración, en la cual se fijaron los puntos cefalométricos para determinar 12 medidas cefalométricas. Se realizó el análisis del comportamiento de las variables en función de la condición de ser roncador, la edad y el sexo. En el grupo roncador se encontró reducción del cuerpo y de la unidad mandibular respecto al grupo control, así como baja posición del hueso hioides respecto al plano mandibular

Comparación de la biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina y la biopsia quirúrgica en el diagnóstico de tumores en niños / Comparison between diagnosisi by fine needle aspiration biopsy and conventional biopsy in children's tumors

Introducción. La biopsia por aspiración con aguja fina (BAAF) es un método de diagnóstico útil, inocuo y rápido para el estudio inicial de los tumores superficiales y profundos que ha sido utilizado cada vez con mayor frecuencia en niños. Fue propósito de este trabajo evaluar la precisión diagnóstica del procedimiento en el diagnóstico inicial de tumores en niños. Material y métodos. Se revisaron todas las BAAF diagnosticadas en un período de 24 meses y se seleccionaron aquellas con diagnóstico de tumor o masa tumoral que tuvieran además estudio histopatológico subsecuente ya sea mediante biopsia o extirpación total de la lesión. Se compararon los diagnósticos de ambos procedimientos y se juzgó conveniente calcular la sensibilidad y especificidad. Resultados. De 89 BAAF registradas en el período de estudio solamente 34 tuvieron estudio histopatológico subsecuente. La gran mayoría de las lesiones correspondieron a neoplasias malignas. En 30 casos el diagnóstico de la BAAF estuvo de aucerdo con el de la biopsia quirúrgica y no hubo acuerdo en 4. La sensibilidad del método fue del 97 por ciento y la especificidad del 33 por ciento. Conclusiones. Los resultados de este estudio indican que la BAAF es confiable para el diagnóstico inicial de tumores superficiales y profundos en niños