A review of the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller, 1980 (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) with records of recently collected specimens.

A new record of the rare species Mirocastnia pyrrhopygoides (Houlbert) from Ecuador is reported, along with range extensions for M. smalli (J. Y. Miller) and M. canis (Lathy). In addition, the genus Mirocastnia J. Y. Miller is revised and the diagnostic phenotypic characteristics of males and females, as well as male genitalia, are illustrated. Details on its natural history, biogeography, and biology are included with the purpose of solving the confusion in the taxonomy of the genus. All taxa previously considered to be species are herein relegated to subspecific status, i.e. M. pyrrhopygoides canis stat. nov. and M. p. smalli stat. nov.

Reinstatement of Athis miastagma (Dyar, 1925) (Lepidoptera: Castniidae) as a valid species inhabiting the Pacific slope of Central Mexico.

Mexico is the Mesoamerican country with the highest number of Castniidae species (12), most of which are found in the dry regions of the country. Among these, Athis hechtiae (Dyar, 1910) was considered a species widely distributed in Mexico after Athis miastagma (Dyar, 1925) was synonymized with A. hechtiae over two decades ago. A genetic and morphological study, as well as details of the natural history of various populations of these two taxa have led us to restore Athis miastagma as a valid species (stat. rest.), increasing the number of castniids recorded in Mexico to 13.