RESUMO
This JAMA Forum discusses recent rulings made by the US Supreme Court that limit the decision-making power of government agencies to safeguard public health, ensure safety, and protect the environment.
Assuntos
Saúde Pública , Decisões da Suprema Corte , Humanos , Estados Unidos , Saúde Pública/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
This Viewpoint explores recent US Supreme Court decisions and how they threaten the Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act and the health, safety, and rights of pregnant persons throughout the country.
RESUMO
This Viewpoint explicates the complex reasoning the US Supreme Court has used in rulings on gun control and raises concerns that the recent Rahimi decision poses more questions than it settled on the future of the Second Amendment.
Assuntos
Violência Doméstica , Armas de Fogo , Propriedade , Decisões da Suprema Corte , Humanos , Armas de Fogo/história , Armas de Fogo/legislação & jurisprudência , Propriedade/história , Propriedade/legislação & jurisprudência , Decisões da Suprema Corte/história , Estados Unidos , Violência Doméstica/legislação & jurisprudência , Violência Doméstica/prevenção & controle , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , História do Século XVIII , História do Século XIXRESUMO
This Viewpoint highlights the potential for unintentional or deliberate release of variola virus (smallpox), discusses current medical countermeasures for smallpox, and calls for greater flexibility from the US and its partners in developing safe, reliable, affordable, and equitable countermeasures.
Assuntos
Planejamento em Desastres , Varíola , Humanos , História do Século XX , Varíola/epidemiologia , Varíola/história , Varíola/prevenção & controle , Varíola/virologia , Vacina Antivariólica/administração & dosagem , Vacina Antivariólica/história , Vacinação em Massa/história , Vacinação em Massa/organização & administração , Planejamento em Desastres/organização & administração , Vírus da Varíola/genética , Vírus da Varíola/patogenicidade , Edição de Genes , Saúde Global , Pesquisa Biomédica/normas , Bioterrorismo/prevenção & controleAssuntos
Equidade em Saúde , Direitos Humanos , Humanos , Avaliação do Impacto na Saúde , Saúde GlobalRESUMO
This Viewpoint discusses the recent US Supreme Court ruling allowing mifepristonea drug used in medication abortionto be widely available in the US, summarizes the history of challenges to the availability of mifepristone, and highlights reasons for concerns that remain after the Court's current ruling.
Assuntos
Aborto Induzido , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva , United States Food and Drug Administration , Feminino , Humanos , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration/legislação & jurisprudência , Serviços de Saúde Reprodutiva/legislação & jurisprudência , Aborto Induzido/legislação & jurisprudência , Aborto Induzido/métodos , Mifepristona/provisão & distribuição , Abortivos Esteroides/provisão & distribuição , Defesa do Paciente/legislação & jurisprudência , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudência , GravidezAssuntos
COVID-19 , Pandemias , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2 , Saúde Global , Cooperação InternacionalAssuntos
Efeitos Antropogênicos , Desastres , Saúde Global , Equidade em Saúde , Zoonoses , Humanos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Saúde Global/economia , Saúde Global/legislação & jurisprudência , Saúde Global/normas , Zoonoses/diagnóstico , Zoonoses/genética , Zoonoses/prevenção & controle , Zoonoses/terapia , Derramamento de Material Biológico/prevenção & controle , Desastres/economia , Desastres/prevenção & controleRESUMO
The United Kingdom may soon become a world leader in forging a smoke-free generation. Last month, the country passed a bill that bans the sale of cigarettes to anyone born in 2009 or later. The prime minister claims the policy will "phase out smoking in young people almost completely as early as 2040." A final vote by Parliament is expected next month. Tobacco claims 8 million lives every year, and could claim a billion lives over this century-mostly in low- and middle-income countries. For every person that dies, at least 30 more suffer from smokingrelated chronic disease. The benefits of a tobacco-free society would be transformational.
Assuntos
Política Antifumo , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Produtos do Tabaco , Humanos , Política Antifumo/legislação & jurisprudência , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar/legislação & jurisprudência , Produtos do Tabaco/legislação & jurisprudência , Reino UnidoRESUMO
Following from sweeping law reforms across the global health landscape, there is a need to prepare the next generation to advance global health law to ensure justice for a healthier world. Educational programs across disciplines have increasingly incorporated the field of global health law, with new courses examining the law and policy frameworks that apply to the new set of public health threats, non-state actors, and regulatory instruments that structure global health. Such interdisciplinary training must be expanded throughout the world to prepare future practitioners to strengthen global health law - ensuring a foundation for global health in legal studies and law and global health studies. Meeting this imperative for global health law teaching - establishing academic courses and textbooks on global legal responses to shared health threats - will be necessary to support students to address the global health challenges of the future.
Assuntos
Saúde Global , Saúde Global/educação , Saúde Global/legislação & jurisprudência , Humanos , Currículo/tendênciasRESUMO
This JAMA Forum discusses the markedly different records and divergent campaign messages of the 2 major party presidential candidates on the issues of health care access, prescription drug prices, reproductive rights, migrant health, gun violence, health and safety agency powers, and pandemic preparedness.
Assuntos
Política , Humanos , Estados Unidos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Política de Saúde/legislação & jurisprudênciaRESUMO
The World Health Organization (WHO) was born as a normative agency and has looked to global health law to structure collective action to realize global health with justice. Framed by its constitutional authority to act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health, WHO has long been seen as the central actor in the development and implementation of global health law. However, WHO has faced challenges in advancing law to prevent disease and promote health over the past 75 years, with global health law constrained by new health actors, shifting normative frameworks, and soft law diplomacy. These challenges were exacerbated amid the COVID-19 pandemic, as states neglected international legal commitments in national health responses. Yet, global health law reforms are now underway to strengthen WHO governance, signaling a return to lawmaking for global health. Looking back on WHO's 75th anniversary, this article examines the central importance of global health law under WHO governance, reviewing the past successes, missed opportunities, and future hopes for WHO. For WHO to meet its constitutional authority to become the normative agency it was born to be, we offer five proposals to reestablish a WHO fit for purpose: normative instruments, equity and human rights mainstreaming, sustainable financing, One Health, and good governance. Drawing from past struggles, these reforms will require further efforts to revitalize hard law authorities in global health, strengthen WHO leadership across the global governance landscape, uphold equity and rights at the center of global health law, and expand negotiations in global health diplomacy.
RESUMO
This JAMA Forum discusses the topics of reproductive rights, transgender care, firearm safety, and COVID-19 vaccines in the context of public health and the political climate in the US.