Canalicular Adenoma of Parotid- A Rare Case Report.

Salivary gland canalicular adenoma is rare yet benign. It accounts for fewer than 1% of salivary tumors and is the third most common non-cancerous mass in the small salivary glands. A 45-year-old presented to the outpatient department with complaints of swelling in the left parotid region for the past 3 years. Examination revealed a firm swelling in the left parotid region. USG and MRI revealed features suggestive of pleomorphic adenoma. Superficial parotidectomy was planned but intra-operatively, the mass was seen between the two lobes of the parotid, which was removed, and on histopathological examination, it was diagnosed as canalicular adenoma. Post-operatively, the patient's condition is excellent.

Dual Drug Therapy Versus Single Drug Therapy in Prevention of Pinna Keloid Recurrence.

Keloids are fibroproliferative disorders caused due to injury to skin. The recurrence rate has been found to be as high as 100% even after surgical excision. The high recurrence rate has led to the need for various adjuvant therapies as a single approach alone has not been found to be efficient in preventing recurrence. This attributes to the need for a multimodal approach. Steroids are found to be useful in preventing recurrence. To evaluate the efficacy of the combination of hyaluronidase with corticosteroid injection compared to corticosteroid injection alone in the prevention of recurrence of keloid after surgical excision. This randomized controlled study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology among 50 patients with ear keloids who underwent surgical excision. Patients were divided into two groups. One group was given Triamcinolone injection alone and the other was given Triamcinolone with Hyaluronidase on postoperative weeks 1, 2, and 3. Patients were followed up for 6 months and recurrence was noted and compared. Statistical analysis was done and the results were considered significant with a p-value of less than 0.05. Of the total 50 patients, there were a total of eight male and 39 female patients. In a single therapy group, recurrence was noted in one patient after 3 months and in three more patients after 6 months. In the group with combination therapy, there was no recurrence after 3 months but three patients had recurrence after 6 months. Triamcinolone and hyaluronidase injection protected from recurrence for about 3 to 5 months after which patients had recurrence. Further studies are recommended with prolonged duration of hyaluronidase injection.

Correction: An Observational Study of Hearing Loss Among Menopausal Women.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-04121-5.].

Ent Manifestations in Sculptors of South Chennai, India: A Cross Sectional Observational Study.

Despite the National Occupational Safety and Legislation Act 2020's implementation, reports of workplace accidents are rising in India. Various ear, nose, and throat conditions have been linked to a wide range of physico-chemical variables. Due to a lack of training, inadequate knowledge, a lack of awareness of occupational health and safety risks, or a lack of accessibility to or use of personal protective equipment (PPE), sculptors are frequently exposed to a variety of physical, compound and unplanned risks, chemical, and accidental hazards. The study aimed to assess the various ear, nose and throat manifestations like noise induced hearing loss, occupational rhinitis and non-infectious pharyngitis among the sculptors working in the southern part of Chennai. This observational study was performed in a total of 110 sculptors. Demographic data like age, education, duration of occupation, use of PPE like face mask, ear plug during work hours, whether sculpting is a family occupation or first generation sculptor. A detailed history and thorough ENT examination was performed with pure tone audiometry (PTA), diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) and videolaryngoscopy (VLS). If any problem is detected they will be treated accordingly. Most of them (70%) were in the age group of 21-40 years but 71% of them are sculptors for more than 15 years which infers introduction to the occupation at an early age. The reason for this could be more than 80% of them possessed the heritage of sculpting as their family occupation. Duration of occupation was significantly associated with chronic rhinitis (P value was 0.002) and NIHL (P value was 0.002) whereas education and use of PPE like face mask or ear plugs were not associated with ENT manifestations. This study focuses on the sculptors' working habits, their ignorance of safety precautions, and an assessment of the numerous ENT ailments. These manifestations showed a strong correlation to exposure time. To prevent the issues from becoming more severe, regular medical monitoring is required for early detection and intervention.

An Observational Study of Hearing Loss Among Menopausal Women.

Senile deafness and hearing loss in adults over 50 are major public health issues as a result of the population's ageing demographic. Menopausal women tend to develop hearing loss, while no clear link has been found between the two. The purpose of this study was to determine how menopause and diabetes mellitus affects hearing loss. We assessed 158 menopausal women in total. Pure Tone Audiometry and HbA1c levels was measured, along with appropriate clinical history and examination. The association between those levels and hearing was researched by chi-square test. There were 158 study participants. Mean age of the study population was 50.5 (± 2.49) years. Onset and duration of hard of hearing was assessed in 41 patients (25.9%). 33% (N = 53) of the patients had history of Diabetes mellitus, of which 52.8% offered history of the disease for more than or equal to five years. On audiological assessment, 74.1% had no hearing loss (N = 117), 4.4% had unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (N = 7) and 21.5% had bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (N = 34). Statistics show that hearing loss is statistically connected with ageing and poor glycemic management. With chi square values of 9.629 and P value 0.002 found a significant correlation between ageing and hearing loss. Poor glycemic control is significantly associated with hearing loss with a chi-square value of 4.304 and P value 0.038. Poor glycemic control and menopause is found to be strongly associated with sensorineural hearing loss. Further prospective, hormonal studies including larger population is recommended.

Cri-Du-Chat Syndrome - A Rare Case Report.

The Cri-du-chat Syndrome (CdCs) is a rare genetic syndrome first described by Jerome Lejeune in 1963, characterized mainly by the high pitched cat like cry. The prevalence of CdCs was varied in between 1:15,000 to 1:50,000 in live birth and more common in female gender with a ratio of 4:3 [1, 2] .The condition may be accompanied by developmental and cognitive delays, poor spatial awareness, impaired ambulation, and poor sensori-motor skills. Other associated problems described include cardiovascular, renal, gastrointestinal, neurological abnormalities, preauricular tags, syndactyly, hypospadias, and cryptorchidism.1 Recent literatures show that autistic behaviours are common in various genetic disorders [3].Fatigue level of children with cri du chat syndrome was associated with the expression of autistic features [4]. Cri-du-chat syndrome is a rare genetic disorder resulting in various physical and psychological abnormalities due the deletion of chromosome 5P-. We encountered a case of cri-du-chat syndrome having external auditory canal atresia, hearing loss with speech delay. A multidisciplinary approach is required for diagnosis and management of such patients. Otological management is early identification of hearing loss and speech rehabilitation. Awareness about antenatal screening for congenital anomalies and genetic counselling is necessary among the general population.

Evaluating the Outcomes of Closed Reduction of Different Types of Nasal Bone Fractures.

This study was conducted to evaluate the outcomes of closed reduction of different types of nasal bone fractures depending on time between onset of injury and reduction and comparing the outcomes of early closed reduction (within 6 h) of nasal bone fracture with late closed reduction (after 2 weeks). A hospital based Prospective cohort type of study was conducted among cases of nasal bone fracture attending the outpatient department of Otorhinolaryngology at Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai during the months of August 2021 to January 2022. A total of 54 participants were included in the study. Primary outcome was to assess the effectiveness of closed reduction of different types of nasal bone fractures postoperatively. The second objective was to compare the outcomes of early closed reduction (within 6 h) of nasal bone fracture with late closed reduction (after 2 weeks). Using chi square test, the association of factors such as age, sex, mode of injury, external framework deformity, type of fracture and treatment was analyzed with outcome measures such as post op degree of deviation, arch irregularity, malalignment, bony irregularity, bony displacement, olfactory disturbances and result. We analyzed the sample data statistically and measured the outcomes which showed that post operatively after undergoing closed reduction, some degree of deviation was present in 17(31.48./.), arch irregularity present in 12(22.2./.), malalignment in 11(20.37./.), bony irregularity in 24(44.44./.), bony displacement in 19(35.19./.), olfactory disturbances in 2(3.70./.). Comparing the outcome factors between early and late reduction, we found that the outcome was better in early closed reduction when compared with late closed reduction. Among the 54 patients studied, the results of closed reduction were found to be excellent in 27(50./.), Fair in 16(29.63./.), Good in 10(18.52./.) and poor in 1(1.85./.) We could thus conclude from this study that early closed reduction of nasal bone fracture gave better results than a late closed reduction in terms of post operative deformity, arch irregularity, malalignment, bony irregularity, bony displacement and olfactory disturbances.

Management of Arteriovenous Malformation in Otolaryngology Practice: A Retrospective Study & Review of Literature.

Vascular malformations in the head and neck encompass a wide range of lesions and present an interesting challenge for the surgeon with their varied presentations. Early diagnosis and timely and adequate intervention help treat patients effectively. We reported our experience in the management of four patients diagnosed with low-flow venous malformation. Every patient was managed differently based on the site and size of the lesion, and all of them had the best outcome. 1 patient who had a smaller lesion was managed with oral propranolol, and 1 patient was managed with oral propranolol with local hot water injection. Two patients had larger lesions involving the airways and hence required an elective tracheostomy because of anticipated airway compromise, following which they were managed with intralesional sclerotherapeutic injection. As the lesion size shrank but remained, both underwent coblator-assisted tumor debulking at the end of two months. All four patients had a better outcome. Each patient received a different modality of treatment. No recurrences were noted in any of them. A multidisciplinary team approach resulted in a positive patient outcome. Vascular lesions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with increasing dysphagia, dysphonia, or dyspnea. The cooperation of a skilled interventional radiologist cannot be over-emphasized.